...Expectancy Theory Student name: Ho Yin Cheung Student No: N8703019 MGB200 Christine Crawford – Tutorial 9 6:00-7:00 Tuesday Words: 1932 Introduction Employers always want their employees work with the highest performance. In the real business world, Leaders have trying many methods to motivate colleagues do the job well. However, they may fail to motivate their colleagues by many reasons. The expectancy theory can predict the result of the motivation. In this essay, firstly, three components of the expectancy theory of motivation, such as E-to-P expectancy, P-to-O expectancy, and outcome valences will be illustrated. Secondly, there are several limitations of this theory will be outlined. Thirdly, it will then show the real experience. Finally, the recommendations which apply to the case will be pointed out. Literature review Motivation is somebody acts in a certain way caused by someone else. It means someone use motivation as a motive for doing things (Adrian, 2007). Expectancy theory of motivation explains how the internal origins of employee motivation, such as, drives (primary needs) and need translate into specific effort and behaviour (Vroom, 1964). In other words, it focuses on what reason makes individuals choose one behavioural option over others (Vroom, 1964). There are three components frame this theory: effort-to-performance expectancy (E-to-P), performance-to-outcome expectancy (P-to-O) and outcome valences (Porter & Lawler, 1968). This theory is...
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...in 2007 during Valentine´s day and a few more, it managed to overcome the issue and become one of the most known companies for excellent customer service. The author mentions that JetBlue truly cares about the customer because JetBlue doesn´t sell just airplane tickets and its customers neither seek for airplanes tickets when buying at JetBlue. They buy the whole experience in which each detail included in the service made the customer feel special with things such as ´´legroom seats´´, plenty of food and drinks and a zone for entertainment which seeks to satisfy the client while they wait for their flight even though if its delayed among other tangible elements that the company offers. All the actions of JetBlue are encouraged to reflect their slogan “Happy Jetting”. Furthermore, another topic highlight in the case is the culture that the company professes, the way they treat each other, “the human side of the equation”. An example of this is the opportunity to workers to do their job from home. Employees are so satisfied with the company that they care for it, which reflects in how they do their job and their attitude towards clients. As the CEO communicated, “everything can be copied, except the culture”. All this combination results in higher employee commitment and desire to make the customers feel happy and gently serve them. In addition, love is one important thing that JetBlue implements, they say that when you love your customer, they love you back, and it can be demonstrated...
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...playful rendition of “Over the Rainbow.” Customers, or “guests” as WestJet prefers to call them, quickly realize that they are now part of another unique WestJet moment. They chuckle as the WestJetter cleverly integrates local time, temperature, and gate information into the lyrics, but he earns genuine LOLs when he works in the verse, “flying to Hawaii is free when you’re a WestJet employee.” Thus, despite being awake since 4:30 a.m., boarding a plane in Calgary in the dead of a prairie winter, and enduring a seven-hour flight with two young children who refused to sleep, these “guests” are ready to embrace the magic of Maui. The travellers may never know the reason for the improv performance, but maybe it was just another example of what the advertisements have been telling us for the better part of a decade: “Owners care,” a slogan communicating how the airline’s employee stock option package motivates participating WestJetters to go just a little bit further to please. WestJet’s philosophy of creating customer value is not based in its industry-leading turnaround times, modern fleet of planes, or even its competitively priced fares. Customer value stems from the core of a corporate culture, something only achievable when your people are engaged. In the words of Bob Cummings, executive vice-president of sales, marketing, and guest experience, “the big success factor in the whole corporate strategy is making sure that your employees are understanding and with you all the way...
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...School. Hasbro. (2013). Ethics. Retrieved from Hasbro: http://csr.hasbro.com/rul04-ethics.php Hill, M. Mcgraw Hill. MacDonald, L. (n.d.). Advantages & Disadvantages of Business Ethics. The Houston Chronicle . The Economist. (2011). Milton Friedman goes on tour. The Economist . Zeiger, S. Effects of Lack of Ethics on a Business Environment. Houston: The Houston Chronicle. Introduction Business ethics is the general application of ethical behavior and conduct towards the way a business conducts itself. Business ethics do not involve a specific set of standards but rather are general ethics applied to business conduct. Often, they can determine what strategy and decisions a company will make and what the conduct of the company’s employees will be. There is a concept called ethical universalism, which states that what is right and wrong is universal regardless of society, culture, and religion (Hill). If this is true it would mean that all businesses can be held to the same standard of ethics regardless of what country that operate in and what business they are conducting. What is the value of...
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...methodology. We have just a few templates we use based upon the PMBOK® Guide. All of our competitors have methodologies, but not us. I have been asking for a methodology to be developed for more than a year now, and all I get are excuses. Some of you are obviously afraid that you might lose power and authority once the methodology is up and running. That may be true, but losing some power and authority is obviously better than losing your job. In six months I want to see a methodology in use on all projects or I will handle the situation myself. I simply cannot believe that my executive staff is afraid to develop a project management methodology. Critical Issues The executive staff knew this day was inevitable; they had to take the initiative in the implementation of a project management methodology. Last year, a consultant was brought in to conduct a morning three-hour session on the benefits of project management and the value of an enterprise project management methodology (EPM). As part of the session, the consultant explained that the time needed to develop and implement an EPM system can be shortened if the company has a 189 project management office (PMO) in place to take the lead role. The consultant also explained that whichever executive gets control of the PMO may become more powerful than other executives because he or she now controls all of the project management...
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...department to seek advise of what subjects needed to take. You might wait for your adviser attending to other students. At the time you have your subjects needed to enrol, you will need to fall in line at Registrar’s office for subjects encoding. Once you get your assessment form, you will be redirected to Accounting Office for payment and expect a new line again. Then, you will need to update your school ID card after payment, it means another line. Waiting line or queue is a repetitive scenario in our everyday lives. We can’t deny but we are also used in waiting. The organization itself also encounter waiting line or queue. One example is when an airplane has to wait in line for fueling, inspection, a particular gate, a specific flight route, an assigned crew, food loading, verified passenger count, taxi takeoff and landing clearance for each trip. All organizations are concerned with waiting lines as well because they value their time and hate to be idle since it means loss to the company. When waiting lines are poorly managed, this will result to customer dissatisfaction and worst, brand-switching. According to the the book of Levin, Walt Disney is very familiar with waiting...
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...For exclusive use at University of Strathclyde, 2015 IMD320 02.10.2006 INTERNATIONAL PRUDENTIAL UK: REBUILDING A MIGHTY BUSINESS Research Fellow Jean-Louis Barsoux and Professor JeanFrançois Manzoni prepared this case as a basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of a business situation. 5, 4, 3, 2, 1…. It felt like New Year’s Eve as Prudential senior managers joined their chief executive, Mark Wood, in counting down the seconds to midnight. The date was October 4, 2005. The venue was a trendy London restaurant. And they were celebrating the completion of the company’s 1,000-day journey. Wood gave a very personal speech, thanking several individuals. He also recognized the tremendous collective effort that had propelled the insurer from seventh position to second in terms of domestic market share. In less than three years, there had been a 55% jump in sales, a 58% increase in new business achieved profit and a 22% gross reduction in cost base. Yet the success had not been achieved without pain. The UK workforce had almost halved since Wood had been appointed CEO in February 2001. Indeed, of the 87 executives present that evening, 38 were new to the senior management group. And from the top executive team he inherited, there were only two survivors. As he completed his speech, Wood’s mind wandered back to the state of the company he had joined. Copyright © 2006 by IMD - International...
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...Multiplex” As per your request, we have arranged a report based on the incident that plaintiff, moviegoer Tommy, has filed a civil complaint about. This incident involved Tommy’s visit to the Royal 16 Theater, your property in the Eastfield Mall, intending to watch a movie, “The Governator.” This analysis examines the possibilities and outcomes of the possibilities in order to determine what the best option is for you. This analysis covers: * Facts of the Case * Legal Analysis * Statistical Analysis * Ethical Analysis * Conclusion If you have any questions or concerns, please contact us at our office by phone at (555) 555-1234 or by email atXXXXXX Table of Contents MEMORANDOM 2 List of Figures and Equations 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 INTRODUCTION 7 LEGAL ANALYSIS 8 Misrepresentation 8 Rule 8 A representation of a fact was made 8 The representation was falsified with intent to deceive 8 When made, the representation was known to be false or made recklessly without knowledge of its truth. 9 The representation was made with the intention that the plaintiff should rely upon it. 9 The plaintiff justifiably relied upon the representation 9 The plaintiff suffers economic damages as a result. 10 Things to consider 10 Conclusion. 10 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS 11 Patron Surveys 11 First Survey 11 First Hypothesis Test 11 First Survey’s Conclusion 13 Type II Error in the First Survey 13 Second Survey 13 Second Hypothesis...
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...replaced the us army as the nation largest job training organization? controls the market share of more than 3 food chains taken together in America? It’s none other than Mcdonald’s corporation USA. Looking at the above statistics makes one wonder that what is the driving force behind all these achievements? How is it that the chicken burger available in San Francisco is same as the one available in delhi? Many of these question have been answered in the book “Mcdonald’s: behind the golden arches” written by john love. But are these standards being carried out in India as well? The golden arches of Mcdonald’s are slowly becoming an integral part of the Indian landscapes. Everyone knows mcdonald’s is big, but very few know just how significant its impact on Indian business really is. The inside of Mcdonald’s remains a mystery. Mcdonald’s india is a joint venture of Mcdonald’s corporation with Amit Jatia and Vikram Bakshi. Amit jatia handles the operation in westerns region whereas Vikram Bakshi in the northern region. Mcdonald’s india is an employer of opportunities, providing quality employment and long term careers to the indian people. The average Mcdonald’s restaurants employees more than 100 people in 25 different position-from cashiers to restaurants managers. Mcdonald’s world class-training inputs to its employees can be seen in the present close to 2000 employees currently in Mumbai and Delhi. But the most overlooked facts of Mcdonald’s india are its contribution...
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...NEGOTIATION S P E C I A L R E P O R T Program on Negotiation at Harvard Law School Helping you build successful agreements and partnerships Business Negotiation Skills 5 Common Business Negotiation Mistakes In this Special Report, the experts and editors from Harvard’s Program on Negotiation offer advice from past issues of the Negotiation newsletter to help you avoid common pitfalls and build better relationships and agreements with your colleagues, clients, and those closest to you. You will learn to: ■ Identify opportunities to expand the pie of resources. ■ Take steps to ensure you don’t overvalue your assets. ■ Guard against a backlash from less powerful parties. ■ Gain a keener understanding of what you really want. ■ Avoid being hurt by overcommitment to a deal. www.pon.harvard.edu $25 (US) Program on Negotiation at Harvard Law School Negotiation Editorial Board Board members are leading negotiation faculty, researchers, and consultants affiliated with the Program on Negotiation at Harvard Law School. Max H. Bazerman Harvard Business School Iris Bohnet Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University Robert C. Bordone Harvard Law School John S. Hammond John S. Hammond & Associates Deborah M. Kolb Simmons School of Management David Lax Lax Sebenius, LLC Robert Mnookin Harvard Law School Bruce Patton Vantage Partners, LLC Jeswald Salacuse The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University James Sebenius Harvard Business School Guhan Subramanian Harvard Law...
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...to clean his store, knowing exactly what the going rate is, several things could happen to damage the business. The employee could suffer serious financial implications or the employee could leave and find another position where she does not feel exploited. The subject of ethics is often considered abstract or relative by those who believe that rules do not always apply to them. Rules and laws apply to everyone. It is unfortunate that some employees in the upper echelons of the corporate ladder decide to act unethically, but it is a fact of business and of life. For this reason, it is best for a business to be careful of who they promote within their company. Corporate responsibility is a phrase heavily used in the business world. Often mentioned to enhance the image of an organization, corporate responsibility does have a true meaning. Businesses that use energy efficient lighting and offer their employees a fair pay rate are practicing corporate responsibility. Corporate responsibility is an integral part of business ethics and should be practiced by all entities, whether large or small. Corporate responsibility simply means that each individual within a company is practicing personal and professional responsibility in a way that will benefit him and others Business ethics as an academic field has two main functions. On the one hand it challenges self-satisfied business people by inviting moral criticism and self-criticism of business practices. On the other hand, business...
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... Task 1 Introduction: McDonald's Corporation is the world's largest chain of hamburger fast food restaurants, serving around 68 million customers daily in 119 countries. Headquartered in the United States, the company began in 1940 as a barbecue restaurant operated by Richard and Maurice McDonald; in 1948 they reorganized their business as a hamburger stand using production line principles. Businessman Ray Kroc joined the company as a franchise agent in 1955. He subsequently purchased the chain from the McDonald brothers and oversaw its worldwide growth. A McDonald's restaurant is operated by either by a franchisee, an affiliate, or the corporation itself. The corporation's revenues come from the rent, royalties and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company-operated restaurants. McDonald's revenues grew 27 percent over the three years ending in 2007 to $22.8 billion, and 9 percent growth in operating income to $3.9 billion. McDonald's primarily sells hamburgers, cheeseburgers, chicken, french fries, breakfast items, soft drinks, milkshakes and desserts. In response to changing consumer tastes, the company has expanded its menu to include salads, wraps, smoothies and fruit. Operations Management Definition: Those activities that take inputs, add value to them and provide an output to Customers. It is...
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...Business Research Method Job Motivation and Job Performance: An Exploratory Study in RHB Bank Lecturer: Dr.Mirza Manirajah Abdullah Prepared by Student Name: LEE LIAN SENG I/C NO: 710414-10-5663 RIVERBANK ACADEMY SDN BHD NO 3-3 & 5-3, JALAN PUSAT PERNIAGAAN 1, PUSAT PERNIAGAAN SG.JELOK, 43000 KAJANG SELANGOR TEL: 03-87375009 FAX: 03-87395418 WEBSITE: www.riverbankacademy.com.my EMAIL: info@riverbankacademy.com.my 1 CONTENTS DESCRIPTION PAGE Introduction To RHB Bank Introduction to Job Motivation and Job Performance page 6 Purpose of Study page 6 Problem Statement page 6 Objective of Study page 8 Limitation of Study page 8 Literature Review page 9 Discussion Page 17 Methodology & Hypothesis of Study page 35 Sampling Procedures page 35 Data Analysis page 39 Summary and Conclusions page 43 Recommendations page 44 page 2 2 Introduction Although formed in 1997, our roots go back in time to the early 90s. Many events since that time have moulded us into the bank we are today. Below is brief run-through of the important dates and events in the history of the RHB Banking Group which include mergers and partnerships with other banks that have ultimately lead to the RHB Banking Group that we are today. Kwong Yik Bank Berhad 1913 - Established with a start-up capital of RM300,000 at the Old Market Square in Kuala Lumpur, making it Malaya's first local bank 1997 - Merges with DCB Bank Berhad, making it the country's biggest ever banking merger at...
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...these constructs is weak at best. A negative effect of effort on job satisfaction is consistent with agency theory, but there is limited empirical evidence to support this assumption. Moreover, some studies have found a positive effect of effort on job satisfaction. Using a model that incorporates the main constructs from agency theory and organizational psychology, the current study finds a negative, direct effect of effort and a positive, direct effect of job performance on job satisfaction. The authors show that conflicting findings in the literature are the result of inconsistency in both the measurement and the definition of constructs across studies that do not fully account for all the relationships between constructs. The current findings emphasize the need to distinguish clearly between factors that represent employees’ inputs in a work relationship (i.e., effort) and those that represent their outputs (i.e., job performance). The article also demonstrates the importance of properly accounting or controlling for all key variables to eliminate biases that can arise in empirical research on work relationships. here is an extensive body of research in organizational psychology that considers the role of job satisfaction in managing effective work relationships. Similarly, job satisfaction is a widely studied construct in marketing research...
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...business management. If you run an operation (and all businesses do, one way or another) you are reliant on two things: * The people you employ, their skills and capabilities * The processes that you use, the way you do things So the only ways an operation can perform better are to improve its processes or its people. Changing processes (the way you do things) is something we all do everyday. So what is all the Fuss About? There is a lot of mystique associated with process improvement, lots of jargon and multiple methodologies but process improvement is very easy. There are only three simple questions that you need to get your mind around: 1. What is your purpose? A process is series of actions or steps taken to achieve an end. And that end is all important. If your process is to work well you must be very clear what the thing is that you are producing. The “purpose” of the process should be obvious. It is difficult to cook a great meal if you aren’t clear what you want to eat, the same is true for any other process. 2. Who is your customer? The only person who can tell you if you are meeting your purpose is your customer. That is the person you are working for. You only have one customer; it is the person who is handing over the cash, the person who is paying for what you are doing. 3. Is your customer happy? If everything your process does focuses on meeting that customer need, nothing more and nothing less, and there is no way you could make it better...
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