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LỌC SỐ LIỆU TRONG SPSS
1.Số liệu đơn giản: • Dùng Sort cases : 1.Vào file dữ liệu trong Data Editor 2.Vào các folder: ➢ Data ➢ Sort cases ➢ Chọn tên biến cần kiểm tra ➢ Chọn Ascending hay Descending 2.( Dùng Find để tìm và sửa lỗi: Mở Data view, chọn biến cần sửa, trong Edit chọn Find, nhập giá trị biến cần sửa để tìm số liệu đã nhập sai và sửa (nên tìm ID để kiểm tra)

3. Dùng Frequencies: 1.Vào file dữ liệu trong Data Editor
+ Vào các folder:
* Analysis/Discreptive Statistics/Frequencies ➢ Rà sóat giá trị của biến theo Frequencies hay Tables of Frequencies để tìm số liệu nhầm lẫn ➢ Có thể dùng Find (Edit, Find, tên biến) để tìm và sửa lỗi 3.( Rà sóat giá trị của biến theo Frequencies hay Tables of frequencies để tìm số liệu nhầm lẫn ( Dùng Find (Edit, Find, tên biến) để tìm và sửa lỗi

2.Số liệu phức tạp • Dùng Select cases để tìm lỗi logic : vào Data Editor ➢ Data, Select cases, Chọn biến ➢ Chọn If condition is satisfied ➢ ➢ Chọn If, chọn biến và điều kiện của biến vào cột phải ➢ Continue, OK ← Ở Data Editor, xem cột ngoài cùng bên trái: các phiếu có gạch chéo là không được xử lý
( Muốn trở lại trạng thái ban đầu dùng All cases • Dùng Select cases để tìm lỗi logic : vào Data Editor 1. Data, Select cases, Chọn biến 2. Chọn If condition is satisfied/ 3. 3. If…. Ví dụ trong quá trình nhập gới: nam là 1; nữ là 2. Nhưng trong quá trình nhập có thể nhâp lộn số là 3,4,8…. Để kiếm tra xem có nhập lộn số hay không ta đặt điều kiện cho biến số để phát hiện sai sót trong quá trình nhập: bằng cách ta nhập điều kiện của giới vào ô Chọn If, chọn điều kiện của biến vào cột phải

Lưu ý: đối với biến định tính phải để trong ngoặc kép.
Hoặc

➢ Continue, OK ← Ở Data Editor, xem cột ngoài cùng bên trái: các phiếu có gạch chéo là các phiếu không thỏa mãn điều kiện trên sẽ không được xử lý. Thiếu dữ liệu (thiếu mẫu NC) Muốn trở lại trạng thái ban đầu : dùng All cases

3. Dùng Crostab để tìm lỗi:

• Vào Data Editor, chọn Crostab bằng: (Analyze, Discreptive Statistics, Crostab ( Nhập biến vào Row và Column (nên nhập thêm ID) ( Statistics, Continue, OK ( Tìm theo ID để sửa lỗi

XÁC ĐỊNH SỐ LƯỢNG, TỶ LỆ BIẾN ĐỊNH TÍNH

1. Biến đơn: xác định số lượng, tỷ lệ: Analyze- Discreptive Statistics- frequencies- chọn loại biến: (giới)- chọn Chart chọn –none- chọn Continue- OK

2. Biến kép : xác định số lượng, tỷ lệ một biến số theo tính chất: ví dụ: tính từng nhóm thể lực theo giới tính

Analyze- Discreptive Statistics-Crosstables- chọn biến xác định vào ROW, chọn biến tính chất vào Column – Vào CELL chọn các giá trị liên quan: Obcerved, row, column, total…
-Continue- OK

XÁC ĐỊNH SỐ LƯỢNG, GIÁ TRỊ TRUNG BÌNH, ĐỘ LỆCH CHUẨN BIẾN ĐỊNH LƯỢNG 1. Xác định giá trị trung bình và độ lệch chuẩn MỘT BIẾN ĐỊNH LƯỢNG LIÊN TỤC đơn giản: 1.Vào Data view 2.Analyse/ Descriptive Statistics/ Descriptive 3.Chọn biến cần xác định 4.Trong Option chọn giá trị cần tìm: mean, SD, SE,… 5. OK

2. BIẾN SỐ ĐỊNH LƯỢNG XĐ SỐ TRUNG BÌNH và ĐỘ LỆCH CHUẨN theo tính chất 1.Analyse/Compare Means/Means 2.Chọn biến cần xác định vào ô Dependent (phụ thuộc) tuổi 3.Chọn biến xác định tính chất vào ô Independent (độc lập) giới 4.Tùy chọn Option: + Chọn Means, SD,.. Qua ô Cell Statistics + Continue/OK

VẼ BIỂU ĐỒ
CHIA THÀNH NHIỀU NHÓM TÍNH TỶ LỆ THEO NHÓM

TRANSFORM/Recode/Into defferent variables
Nhập biến cần chia nhóm vào ô: String variables/Output variables: ví dụ:tuổi Nhómt3 (Label: nhóm tuổi) chọn change: tuổi Nhómt3
Chọn Old and new value vào new value nhập giá trị nhóm mới: nhom1/ vao Range nhập gia trị nhóm1: vd 1 thoguh 30 hoặc Range lowest trough 31 nhom2 31 thoguh 50/nhom3 Range highest trough 51 + Continue/OK

Ví dụ: Nếu nhiều nhóm xếp vào một nhóm thì xếp như sau: vd muốn xếp: Mù chữ, TH – Học vấn thấp THCS, THPT -Học vấn thấp trung bình Cđẳng, ĐH – Học vấn cao ta làm như sau:

Vào Old value chọn số 0 (mù chữ) vào New value chọn HV thap 1 (tiểu học) vào New value chọn HV thap
Vào Old value chọn số 2 (mù chữ) vào New value chọn HVtb 3 (THCS) vào New value chọn HVtb
Vào Old value chọn số 4 (THPT) vào New value chọn HVcao
Vào Old value chọn số 5 (CD,DH) vào New value chọn HVcao

+ Continue/OK TÍNH TỶ LỆ THEO NHÓM 1. BiẾN ĐƠN: Dùng Frequencies: Vào file dữ liệu trong Data Editor Analysis/Discreptive Statistics/Frequencies Chọn các giá trị trong bảng Frequencies: 2. BIẾN KÉP: xác định số lượng, tỷ lệ một biến số theo tính chất: ví dụ: tính từng nhóm thể lực theo giới tính
Analyze- Discreptive Statistics-Crosstables- chọn biến xác định vào ROW, chọn biến tính chất vào Column – Vào CELL chọn các giá trị liên quan: Obcerved, row, column, total…
-Continue- OK

LỆNH COMPUTE
Xây dựng 1 biến mới trên cơ sở các biến đã có:
VD:
[pic]

Transform/Compute/Target Variable: Đặt tên biến mới: BMI/ vào Type & Label dán nhãn cho biến mới/ dùng các phím chức năng (Function) để nhập công thức tính vào ô Mumeric Expression/OK

LỆNH COUNT: để tính toán (đếm) các giá trị của biến số:
Trước khi tính toán phải chuyển từ biến định tính sang biến định lượng
Transform/Counnt
Đặt tên biến cần tính giá trị vào ô Target Variable/ Đưa biến cần tổng hợp tính toán (đếm) vào ô Numeric Variable/Chọn Define Value, đưa giá trị cần xác định (cần đếm) vào Value (Vd: Muốn đếm giá trị có nghe đài số1/(không nghe đài số 2) thì ta nhập vào ô Value số 1) để đếm tất cả số 1 trên các biến cần đếm) /chọn Add/+ Continue/OK

CHU Ý: Với biến định tính (String) muốn dùng lệnh COUNT phải chuyển đổi thành biến định lượng (numeric) rồi mới ĐẾM được:

VD: nghe radio, đọc báo, biến trinhdo (String) trước muốn xếp nhóm phải đổi thành biến định lượng (numeric).

chia3nhomtuoi
| |Frequency |Percent |Valid Percent |Cumulative Percentf |
| |Số lượng |Tỷ lệ % | |Tỷ lệ cộng dôn |
|Valid | |1 |.5 |.5 |.5 |
| |nhom1 |37 |17.6 |17.6 |18.1 |
| |nhom2 |121 |57.6 |57.6 |75.7 |
| |nhom3 |51 |24.3 |24.3 |100.0 |
| |Total |210 |100.0 |100.0 | |

Nhóm tuổi theo giới nào có tỷ lệ Nam cao nhất? Vào anlyz-Descriptive- crosstable

[pic] 8nhomtuoi

| |Frequency |Percent |Valid Percent |Cumulative Percent |
|Valid |nhom1 |12 |5.7 |5.7 |5.7 |
| |nhom2 |10 |4.8 |4.8 |10.5 |
| |nhom3 |39 |18.6 |18.6 |29.0 |
| |nhom5 |33 |15.7 |15.7 |44.8 |
| |nhom6 |35 |16.7 |16.7 |61.4 |
| |nhom7 |30 |14.3 |14.3 |75.7 |
| |nhom8 |51 |24.3 |24.3 |100.0 |
| |Total |210 |100.0 |100.0 | |

[pic]

3 nhom trinh do hoc van

| |Frequency |Percent |Valid Percent |Cumulative Percent |
|Valid |hocvantb |153 |72.9 |72.9 |72.9 |
| |hocvanth |38 |18.1 |18.1 |91.0 |
| |ocvancao |19 |9.0 |9.0 |100.0 |
| |Total |210 |100.0 |100.0 | |

[pic] Case Processing Summary

| |Cases |
| |Valid |Missing |Total |
| |N |Percent |N |
| | |nam |nu | |
|3 nhom trinh do hoc|hocvantb |Count |88 |65 |153 |
|van | | | | | |
| | |% within 3 nhom |57.5% |42.5% |100.0% |
| | |trinh do hoc van | | | |
| |hocvanth |Count |18 |20 |38 |
| | |% within 3 nhom |47.4% |52.6% |100.0% |
| | |trinh do hoc van | | | |
| |ocvancao |Count |8 |11 |19 |
| | |% within 3 nhom |42.1% |57.9% |100.0% |
| | |trinh do hoc van | | | |
|Total |Count |114 |96 |210 |
| |% within 3 nhom |54.3% |45.7% |100.0% |
| |trinh do hoc van | | | |

chia nhom3

| |Frequency |Percent |Valid Percent |Cumulative Percent |
|Valid |nhom1 |133 |63.3 |63.3 |63.3 |
| |nhom2 |27 |12.9 |12.9 |76.2 |
| |nhom3 |50 |23.8 |23.8 |100.0 |
| |Total |210 |100.0 |100.0 | |

chia nhom3 * GIOI Crosstabulation

| | |GIOI |Total |
| | |nam |nu | |
|chia nhom3 |nhom1 |Count |70 |63 |133 |
| | |Expected Count |72.2 |60.8 |133.0 |
| | |% within chia |52.6% |47.4% |100.0% |
| | |nhom3 | | | |
| | |% within GIOI |61.4% |65.6% |63.3% |
| | |% of Total |33.3% |30.0% |63.3% |
| |nhom2 |Count |15 |12 |27 |
| | |Expected Count |14.7 |12.3 |27.0 |
| | |% within chia |55.6% |44.4% |100.0% |
| | |nhom3 | | | |
| | |% within GIOI |13.2% |12.5% |12.9% |
| | |% of Total |7.1% |5.7% |12.9% |
| |nhom3 |Count |29 |21 |50 |
| | |Expected Count |27.1 |22.9 |50.0 |
| | |% within chia |58.0% |42.0% |100.0% |
| | |nhom3 | | | |
| | |% within GIOI |25.4% |21.9% |23.8% |
| | |% of Total |13.8% |10.0% |23.8% |
|Total |Count |114 |96 |210 |
| |Expected Count |114.0 |96.0 |210.0 |
| |% within chia |54.3% |45.7% |100.0% |
| |nhom3 | | | |
| |% within GIOI |100.0% |100.0% |100.0% |
| |% of Total |54.3% |45.7% |100.0% |

[pic]

Uỏi ứng dụng compute tinh tuổi

Snthongtin a chia nhom3

| |Frequency |Percent |Valid Percent |Cumulative Percent |
|Valid |nhom1 |133 |63.3 |63.3 |63.3 |
| |nhom2 |27 |12.9 |12.9 |76.2 |
| |nhom3 |50 |23.8 |23.8 |100.0 |
| |Total |210 |100.0 |100.0 | |

Count

[pic]

KIỂM ĐỊNH CÁC TRUNG BÌNH 1.Kiểm định 1 trung bình lý thuyết với 1 trung bình nghiên cứu: Mở file dữ liệu-Analyse/Compare Means/One-Samples T-test (1TB lý thuyết và 1 TB NC)/Chọn biến cần kiểm định / Xác định giá trị cần kiểm định: Test value/xác định độ tin cậy bằng Option chọn Confidence Interval 95% (mặc định)/chọn Exact/Continue/OK Kết luận: Dựa vào Bảng Test Value/cột Sig.(2-tailed) giá trị P=… Nếu (Vì) p=….>0,05 nên không có sự khác biệt giữa ….trung bình của nhóm N/cứu so với TB lý thuyết với độ tin cậy….(95%)

2.Kiểm định 2 trung bình Mở file dữ liệu-Analyse/Compare Means/Independent--Samples T-test /Chọn biến cần kiểm định / Test variable: TUỔI (biến định lượng)/Grouping variable: GIỚI (biến định tính)/ Define group (1: nam; 2 nữ)/ /Continue/OK Kết luận: Dựa vào Bảng Independent Test / Đọc dựa vào cột: Levene’s Test for Equality of Variances (dùng cho 2 test có 2 Phương sai tương đương): * Nếu 1. Đọc Levene’s Test: vì Sig = 0,626>0,05 nên hai phương sai là tương đương- Tiếp theo đọc kết quả ở cột t-test for Equality ở Dòng 1 Equal variances assumed ( đọc cho trường hợp 2 giá trị trung bình có Phương sai/độ lệch chuẩn tương đương), 2. Dòng 1: (tại cột Sig.2-tailed) có Sig.2-tailed = 0,354>0,05 nên trung bình tuổi của 2 nhóm nam và nữ là không khác biệt với độ tin cậy 95% * Nếu Đọc Levene’s Test: vì Sig = …2 trung bình: Oneway ANOVA Mở file dữ liệu-Analyse/Compare Means/one-way ANOVA/Chọn biến định lượng cần kiểm định để đưa vào ô Dependent list (cân nặng)/ Chọn biến phân loại cần kiểm định để đưa vào ô Factor (nơi ở)/ - Chọn Option: để có giá trị trung bình các nhóm: + Chọn Descriptive; + Chọn Homogeneity of Variances/ 2 sự lựa chọn này nhằm xác định loại thống kê mô tả và tính đồng nhất của phương sai giúp kiểm định sự ngang bằng về phương sai giữa các nhóm (test thống kê Leven quyết định đến sự lựa chọn phương pháp kiểm định trong phần Post Hoc); Công cụ: Means Plot dùng để hiển thị đồ thị về giá trị trung bình của các nhóm; Công cụ:Missing Value dùng để kiểm soát giá trị khuyết: Exclude cases analysis by analysis: những trường hợp có giá trị khuyết ở trong biến phụ thuộc và biến kiểm soát sẽ không được đưa vào trong kiểm định. Ngoài ra những trường hợp có giá trị quan sát nằm bên ngoài chuỗi đã xác định cho biến kiểm soát cũng không được sử dụng. Exclude cases listwise: những trường hợp có giá trị khuyết cases trong biến điều khiển hoặc bất kỳ biến phụ thuộc nào được đưa ra hoặc không được đưa ra kiểm định đề bị loại trừ ra khỏi quá trình phân tích
( Trong tổng thể các phương sai của các mẫu dữ liệu phải tương đương (sẽ được kiểm định bằng test thống kê Levene’s Homogeneity of Variances) - Chọn Post Hoc: để so sánh sự khác biệt từng cặp giữa các nhóm (nhóm nào khác biệt với nhóm nào): + Chọn LSD nếu các phương sai bằng nhau; + Chọn Dunnett’ T3 nếu phương sai không bằng nhau /Continue/OK (không chọn Contracts)? Đọc kết quả: Dựa vào 2 Test sau: 1. Test thống kê Levene’s Homogeneity of Variances): Nếu: Sig. = p= >0,05 các phương sai tương đương – đọc kết quả bằng Test LSD ; Nếu: Sig. = p= 0,05 nên ta chấp nhận giả thuyết Ho nghĩa là không có sự khác biệt (trung bình trọng lượng ở các vùng sinh sống) với độ tin cậy 95 %

Lưu ý: + Nếu: Sig. = p= >0,05 các phương sai tương đương – đọc kết quả bằng Test LSD ; + Nếu: Sig. = p= 0,05 thì cũng không kết luận được mà phải dùng test khác để kiểm định 2. Kiểm định 2 tỷ lệ Mở file dữ liệu-Analyse/Descriptive Statistics/Crosstabs/ Chọn biến Phụ thuộc (hậu quả) (ví dụ xem tivi) cần Phân tích để đưa vào ô Row/ Chọn biến Độc lập (Nguyên nhân) (ví dụ: Giới: nam, nữ) cần Phân tích để đưa vào ô Column/ Chọn Cells: chọn Observed, chọn Row/Column/Total/ Chọn Statistics: chọn Chi-Quare/Chọn Exact/OK (Asymtotic only: có giá trị 95%) Kết luận: Để kết luận mối liên hệ giữa 2 biến độc lập hay phụ thuộc vào nhau ta dựa vào chỉ số Asymptotic Significance với số mẫu đủ lớn hoặc phân phối là phân phối chuẩn. Asym-Sig (p-value)= P=…> 0,05 (nên ta chấp nhận Ho) nghĩa là không có sự khác biệt (P

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...Chapter 1 Introduction Internet is changing the way consumers shop and buys goods and services, and has rapidly evolved into a global phenomenon. Many companies have started using the Internet with the aim of cutting marketing costs, thereby reducing the price of their products and services in order to stay ahead in highly competitive markets. Companies also use the Internet to convey, communicate and disseminate information, to sell the product, to take feedback and also to conduct satisfaction surveys with customers. Customers use the Internet not only to buy the product online, but also to compare prices, product features and after sale service facilities they will receive if they purchase the product from a particular store. Many experts are optimistic about the prospect of online business. In addition to the tremendous potential of the E-commerce market, the Internet provides a unique opportunity for companies to more efficiently reach existing and potential customers. Although most of the revenue of online transactions comes from business-to-business commerce, the practitioners of business-to-consumer commerce should not lose confidence. It has been more than a decade since business-to-consumer E-commerce first evolved. Scholars and practitioners of electronic commerce constantly strive to gain an improved insight into consumer behavior in cyberspace. Along with the development of E-retailing, researchers continue to explain E-consumers’ behavior from...

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...Jase Stubbs Chapter 2 discussion question 1/31/2016 1. Desired values are values about a persons self! Values that he or she want to reach as a person! Desired values are values that you want or “desire” as a person. It is a self achieving goals that we want for ourselves. A great example of a desired value to me would be that I value to save money to go on a vacation this year. So my desired outcome would be for me to save fifty dollars every week until my saving goal is achieved. Desirable on the other hand are things we want the world or society to achieve! To me a great example of desirable to me would be “World Peace.” It is a something that is ethical and standard classified by social norms. Everybody wants world peace, but it more or likely will not happen! 2. Hofstedes four original dimensions of culture are, •Power distance, the power distance is the distance of power within an organization etc. a place with a high power distance is like a communist country! The except who is in power and listen to what they say. A organization or place with a low power distance usually try to spread the power out amongst everybody, so there is no one absolute ruler. Everybody then has a say in what happens. • Collectivism vs. individualism, collectivism is like me counting on my best friend to be there for me when I need him and visa versa. Individualism would be like me depending on no one but myself! My fate rest in my hands! •masculinity vs femininity...

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...Center for Demography and Ecology University of Wisconsin-Madison The Effects of Changing Family Structures on Higher Education for Black and White American Cohorts: 1908-1969 Wendy Y. Carter CDE Working Paper No. 96-22 The Effects of Changing Family Structures on Higher Education for Black and White American Cohorts: 1908-1969 CDE Working Paper No. 96-22 Wendy Y. Carter, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Sociology Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences Arizona State University West 4701 West Thunderbird Road P.O. Box 37100 Phoenix, AZ 85069-7100 Submission for Population Association of America 1999 Annual Meeting Abstract Social scientists have been concerned with the effect of social origins on educational attainment since the early days of the discipline. One important aspect of social origins that continues to occupy the interest of researchers and the public is the family. The issue of race has also been central to this concern. Recent demographic changes in mortality and marriage behavior have had a profound impact on the increasing proportion of children who will reach age eighteen without both biological parents. This research investigates the effects of trends in family and household structures on the educational attainment for recent black and white cohorts in the United States. We know from previous cross-sectional reports that those who grow up with both biological parents are more likely to attain higher levels of education than those...

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...Strategy and Tactics of Distributive Bargaining in Roy J. Lewicki et al., Essentials of Negotiation, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill/Irwin, pp.59-93. 一、簡述 談判是一種良好的衝突管理過程,透過談判的進行,人與人之間的衝突才有 機會求得最妥適地解決方法。什麼時候會用到談判?想跟老闆要求加薪時;與朋 友決定要看那部電影時;生活中處處可見。在談判的策略應用上,有許多方法, 而這一章節主要在介紹分配式談判(Strategy and Tactics of Distributive Bargaining) 的基本架構、策略與戰略。 1.1 分配式談判 分配式談判(Strategy and Tactics of Distributive Bargaining),也稱之為競爭型 或輸贏(win-lose)談判,而雙方的目標基本上是直接衝突的,資源有限,而雙方 基本上是在競爭,都想在有限資源中分到最多,故會運用策略來贏得其極大值。 以賽局理論的角度來看,這為零和遊戲(zero-sum game)。因此需謹慎地掌握資 訊,僅透露對我方有利的資訊,並期望盡可能地獲得對方資訊以利於我方處於最 佳情勢。分配式談判的意思為:在不暴露自己可以接受的最低價的前提下,找出 對方願意付出的最高價(Kennedy, 1998)。適用場合如下: 1. 雙方的目的是短期的,無意建立或培養一長期關係。 2. 雙方假設他們的目的是不相容的,討論的議題被視為一塊份量固定的大餅, 一方得,另一方則必失,且瓜分大餅的方法有限。目標在於獲得最大塊的餅, 如果得的多,那對方便得的少,反之亦然,因此談判的目標便是盡可能的獲 取最大份的餅。 3. 最重要的是實體或更能數量化的客觀利益,諸如像價格、利率、件數和合約 上的措辭等要素,在對立談判中,價格是最常見的實體利益;非實體或心理 層面的要素,如尊重、原則或是雙方的福利,雖然也需列入考慮,但是較不 受到重視的要素。 而另外要注意的是,由於雙方想在關鍵資源的有限下(或關鍵資源受到控 制),亦即在餅是固定的情況下,都希望成為贏家,以取得更大的利益。在這種 情境下,雙方的目標是彼此互斥的,並因此而引發矛盾(或衝突對立)。 1.2 買方的基本策略 買方的基本策略主要在於:尋找對方抗拒值,擴大定案範圍及探究對方對於 成果的價值觀、抗拒值、信心來源及動機;一方面探究對方的機密,另一方面防 止我方機密外洩。可運用的方法如下: 1. 影響對方抗拒值,擴大協商範圍 影響抗拒值的因素。 對方針對特定結果所額外增加的價值。 對方於談判延後必須額外增加付出的代價。 2. 對方於談判失敗會額外增加的成本。 影響分配式談判的過程 對方的抗拒值將視其對談判的延遲或失敗,所預估的額外成本不同而 有所差異,需使對方認為談判延遲或失敗對我方影響不大,以降低對 方的抗拒值。 對方的抗拒值會因談判延遲或失敗額外增加的成本而有所調整。基於 此,需說服對方談判延遲或失敗將對其造成很大的損失,使對方降低 抗拒值。 對方的抗拒值會依其結果所額外增加的價值有所不同,應說服對方目 前的狀態無法獲得他期望的結果,或提供我方在他處更有吸引力的條 件。 對方的抗拒值會因我方對結果所額外增加價值之認定不同而有不同。 越能說服對方接受協商範圍外的特定結果,則我方就越能施壓以迫使 對方向下修訂其抗拒值。 1.3 分配式談判的戰略性策略 1. 主導對方對我方所欲達成結果的看法...

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...STUDENT APPLICATION (MINORITY WELFARE SCHOLARSHIP SYSTEM) Fresh For official use only Sl No of application Student ID: Year Course T2012FasM02931 Whether approved Affix a self attested passport size photograph 1.Full name(in block letters) : SHAHIN JAMAN AHMED 2.Father's name/Husband's name : RAHIM UDDIN AHMED 3.Mother's name : MUNJILA KHATUN 4. Domicile State/UT (State/UT which the student belongs to) : Assam 5. Address for correspondence: House No. & Street Detail Vill.- Bamunirvita P.O.- Medortari City/Town/ Village & P.O. P.S.- Fakirganj District Dhubri State Assam Pincode 783330 6. Permanent address(please enclose residential certificate from concerned state government authority): House No. & Street Detail Vill.- Bamunirvita P.O.- Medortari City/Town/ Village & P.O. P.S.- Fakirganj District Dhubri State Assam Pincode 783330 7. Date of birth (Please enclose certificate) : 13-Apr-1993 8. Whether male or female : Male 9. Religion : Muslim 10. Nationality : Indian 11. Aadhaar Number Printed Date: 24-Sep-12 : Page 1 of 8 12. Details of educational qualifications from matriculation/SSLC/SSC onwards (Please enclose certificates attested by a gazetted officer): Examination University/Board/Institution/Council of passed Examination Main Subjects Year of Passing Division Percenta /Class/ ge marks Grade HSC 2012 55.4000 13. Details of course for which scholarship is being sought: Name of the technical/professional course: B.Tech...

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...FUNDAMENTALS OF FINANCE AND INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT COURSE CONTENTS 1. Fundamentals of Finance 1.1. What is Corporate Finance? 1.2. The Financial Manager 1.3. Financial Management Decisions 1.4. The Goal of Financial Management 2. Basic Tools of Financial Analysis: Accounting Statements and Ratio Analysis 2.1. The Balance Sheet 2.2. The Income Statement 2.3. Cash Flow 2.4. Ratio Analysis 2.5. The Du Pont Identity 2.6. Using Financial Statement Information 2 COURSE CONTENTS 3. Financial Equilibrium 3.1. Current Asset Management 3.2. Short Term Financing 3.3. Working Capital Management 4. Financial Forecasting 4.1. Pro Forma Statements and Financial Planning 4.2. Cash Flow Forecasts 4.3. Cash Budgets 4.4. Cost of Capital 4.5. Capital Structure 4.6. Financial Planning 3 COURSE CONTENTS 5. Identification of Financial markets 5.1. Money Market 5.2. Capital Market 5.3. Foreign Exchange Market 5.4. Derivatives Market 6. Management of stocks, bonds, derivatives and other assets 6.1. Potfolio Theory and Asset Pricing 6.2. Common Stock Analysis and Equity Pricing Models 6.3. Fixed Income Analysis and Bond Pricing 6.4. Futures, Options and Other Derivatives 4 COURSE CONTENTS 7. Foreign exchange markets, currency derivative markets and Euromarkets 7.1. Function and structure of foreign exchange markets 7.2. Forecasting foreign exchange rates 7.3. Currency Futures and Options Markets 7.4. Eurodollar Interest Rate Futures Contracts 7.5. International...

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...Introduction This guide has been created to assist my graduate students in thinking through the many aspects of crafting, implementing and defending a thesis or dissertation. It is my attempt to share some of the many ideas that have surfaced over the past few years that definitely make the task of finishing a graduate degree so much easier. (This Guide is a companion to the Guide for Writing a Funding Proposal.) Usually a guide of this nature focuses on the actual implementation of the research. This is not the focus of this guide. Instead of examining such aspects as identifying appropriate sample size, field testing the instrument and selecting appropriate statistical tests, this guide looks at many of the quasi-political aspects of the process. Such topics as how to select a supportive committee, making a compelling presentation of your research outcomes and strategies for actually getting the paper written are discussed. Of course, many of the ideas that are presented can be used successfully by other graduate students studying under the guidance of other advisers and from many different disciplines. However, the use of this guide carries no guarantee - implied or otherwise. When in doubt check with your adviser. Probably the best advice to start with is the idea of not trying to do your research entirely by yourself. Do it in conjunction with your adviser. Seek out his/her input and assistance. Stay in touch with your adviser so that both of you know what's happening...

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...Partial Review of the Literature Managers cannot ignore Information Systems because they play a critical role in contemporary organisation. The application of information and communication technology concepts, techniques, policies and implementation strategies to banking services has become a subject of fundamental importance and concerns to all banks and indeed a prerequisite for local and global competitiveness. ICT directly affects how managers decide, how they plan and what products and services are offered in the banking industry. It has continued to change the way banks and their corporate relationships are organized worldwide and the variety of innovative devices available to enhance the speed and quality of service delivery. Harold and Jeff (1995) contend that financial service providers should modify their traditional operating practices to remain viable in the 1990s and beyond, they claim that the most significant shortcoming in the banking industry today is a wide spread failure on the part of senior management in banks to grasp the importance of technology and incorporate it into their strategic plans accordingly, Woherem (2000) claimed that only banks that overhaul the whole of their payment and delivery systems and apply ICT to their operations are likely to survive and prosper in the new millennium. He advices banks to re-examine their service and delivery systems in order to properly position them within the framework of the dictates of the dynamism of information...

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...May 4, 2007 Art Lightstone, HTS School of Economics Types of Goods Types of Goods - Related to Income: inferior good: goods for which demand decreases as consumer income rises. Thus, it’s “income elasticity” will be negative. Example: Inter-city bus service and inexpensive foods such as bologna, hamburger, and frozen dinners. normal good: goods for which demand increases as consumer income rises. Thus, it’s “income elasticity” will be positive. Most goods are normal goods, hence the name “normal.” superior good: goods that will tend to make up a larger proportion of consumption as income rises. As such, they are an extreme form of normal good. Thus, a superior good’s “income elasticity” will be both positive and greater than 1. A superior good might be a luxury good that is not purchased at all below a certain level of income, such as a luxury car. luxury good: a more colloquial term that is synonymous with “superior good.” Types of Goods - Related to Price: ordinary good: goods for which quantity demanded increases as the price for the good drops; conversely, quantity demanded decreases as the price for the good increases, ceteris paribus (all other things being equal). Giffen good: a good that will experience an increase in quantity demanded in response to an increase in price. In order to be a true Giffen good, price must be the only thing that changes to prompt a change in quantity demand. Conspicuous consumption (such as found with Veblen goods) is not a factor. The classic...

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.... Introduction Good Supply Chain Management practices and properly designed Supply Chain Strategy plays a very crucial role in the success of any organization. Supply Chain Managements concept is formed around two nucleus ideas. According to the first idea, nearly all products that make to an end user signify the collective effort of several organizations. Cumulatively, these organizations are referred to as the supply chain. Based on second idea, though supply chains have been in existence for quite a long time now, the majority of the organizations closely monitored to what was taking place in the supply chain within their four walls. A small number of companies understood and managed the entire chain of activities in their supply chain that finally delivered goods to the ending stage of supply chain that is the customer. This resulted in disorganized and repeatedly ineffective supply chains (R. Handfield, 2011). Supply chain management now can be defined as an active management of supply chain activities to maximize consumer value and attain a sustainable competitive advantage. It characterizes a cognizant endeavor by the supply chain companies to build up and run supply chains in the most effective & efficient ways possible. Like any other organization, supply chain also plays a very important role in the airline industry. Currently in the airline industry, various links in the supply chain are in tension leading to minimized profits, heavy losses and in some cases even...

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...Panera Bread is a chain of bakery-café fast casual restaurants in the United States and Canada. Its headquarters are in Missouri, a suburb of St. Louis, and operates as Saint Louis Bread Company in the St. Louis metropolitan area.Offerings include soups, salads, pasta, sandwiches, and bakery items.The store of St. Louis Bread was founded in 1987 when the first location was opened in Kirkwood, Missouri. Panera bread is the newer name for St. Louis Bread Company outside of the St. Louis area. In 1993, Au Bon Pain Co. purchased the St. Louis Bread Company, which was founded by Ken Rosenthal in 1987. At the same time, the St. Louis Bread Company was renovating its 20 bakery-cafés in the St. Louis area. Between 1993 and 1997,average unit volumes at the revamped Saint Louis Bread units increased by 75%, and over 100 additional Saint Louis Bread units were established. One of founders of au Bon Pain, Ron Shaich, believed that Panera Bread had the potential to become one of leading fast-casual restaurants chains in the nation. Between January 1999 and December 2006, close to 850 additional Panera Bread bakery-cafes were opened, some company owned and some franchised. The driving concept behind Panera Bread is to provide crave-able food that people trust, served in a warm, community gathering place by associates. Panera bread's distinctive menu, signature cafe design,inviting ambience, operating systems and unit locations tragedy allowed it to complete successfully in five submarkets...

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...i FACTORS LIMITING EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF TRAINING PROGRAMMES IN PARASTATAL ORGANIZATIONS IN TANZANIA: A CASE STUDY OF TANZANIA ELECTRIC SUPPLY COMPANY LIMITED, DAR-ES-SALAAM AND COAST ZONE IGNATIUS SHENGENA MNDEME A DISSERTATION SUBMITED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT) OF THE OPEN UNIVERSITY OF TANZANIA 2011 CERTIFICATION I, the undersigned certify that I have read and hereby recommend for acceptance by the Open University of Tanzania a dissertation entitled, “Factors limiting implementation of Training Programmes in Parastatal Organizations in Tanzania: A case study of Tanzania Electric Supply Company Limited, Dar-es-salaam and Coastal Zone”. In partial fulfillment for the requirements for the Degree of Master of Business Administration (Human Resource Management). Supervisor…………………………………… Dr. Chacha Matoka Date………………………………………….. iii COPYRIGHT No part of this dissertation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the author or the Open University of Tanzania in that behalf. iv DECLARATION I, Ignatius Shengena Mndeme, declare that this dissertation is my own original work and has not been submitted for a similar degree at any other University. Signature ……………………………. Date ………………………… v ...

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