...Doctoral Identity EuRhonda Morgan Grand Canyon University June 8, 2016 Doctoral Identity When reproduction occurs and more than one egg is fertilized, it usually results in twins. If they are from the same egg, they are considered identical. If the egg splits, they are known as fraternal. Whether they are identical or fraternal, each should have their own identity. Identity can be defined as “who one is” or “who one sees in the mirror.” When one enters a doctoral program, he or she embarks upon a new identity, generally known as the “doctoral identity.” Mentors, faculty, family, coworkers and cohort members all play a critical role in fostering the doctoral identity. “Developmental Networks and Learning: Toward an Interdisciplinary Perspective on Identity Development during Doctoral Study by Baker and Lattuca, (2010) discusses and links two theories – developmental networks and sociocultural perspectives on learning and to foster the interdisciplinary approach of doctoral education as a Segway to the professoriate. Weidman and Stein (2003) in “Socialization of Doctoral Students to Academic Norms” addresses socialization of doctoral students to the academic norms of research and scholarship. They are joined by Visser, Visser and Schloasser’s “Critical Thinking Distance Education and Traditional Education” (2003), emphasizes the importance of critical thinking to traditional and distance education. These three articles are so intertwined, that it would be futile to...
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...Doctoral Identity For years researchers have study the change in the identity of the doctoral student through their social and academic environments. It is believed that their identity has been developed by the educational environment where they studied, and that the introduction of the Internet created a community of change. Distance education was introduced and the opportunity to teach critical thinking strategies was becoming the norm of the classrooms. Today socialization is the main force in the development of one’s academic identity, the role of the scholar and becoming critical thinkers. Presented in this paper is a comparative analysis of three articles: “Socialization of Doctoral Students to Academic Norms” by Weidman and Stein (2003); “Developmental networks and learning: toward an interdisciplinary perspective on identity development during doctoral study” by Baker and Lattuca (2010); and “Critical thinking distance education and traditional education” by Visser, Visser and Schlosser (2003). Comparison of Research Questions The three articles studied presented a look at the relationships between the faculty instructors and the students and what can be done to help in the socialization of the students. Article one ask the question regarding the preparation of the students for a scholarly role or the role that a student is expected to have after they have earned their doctorate degree. It explores the socialization of the doctoral student to the academic norms of...
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...SELF CONCEPT The self-concept is the accumulation of knowledge about the self, such as beliefs regarding personality traits, physical characteristics, abilities, values, goals, and roles. Beginning in infancy, children acquire and organize information about themselves as a way to enable them to understand the relation between the self and their social world. This developmental process is a direct consequence of children's emerging cognitive skills and their social relationships with both family and peers. During early childhood, children's self-concepts are less differentiated and are centered on concrete characteristics, such as physical attributes, possessions, and skills. During middle childhood, the self-concept becomes more integrated and differentiated as the child engages in social comparison and more clearly perceives the self as consisting of internal, psychological characteristics. Throughout later childhood and adolescence, the self-concept becomes more abstract, complex, and hierarchically organized into cognitive mental representations or self-schemas, which direct the processing of self-relevant information. Understanding your self-concept It is the understanding and knowledge you have of your own existence. It is how you see yourself in relation to others and to your surroundings. To have a positive or healthy self-concept you must: Know yourself Love yourself Be True to yourself In order to meet the challenges of today's complicated...
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...Intra-and Interpersonal Competencies Written Assignment The main character in the case study, Sammy, showed inability in inter- and intrapersonal communication. He is facing various daily life problems including defining his self-value and identity, getting along with parents and managing personal emotions. The first problem is that Sammy failed to develop self concept (i.e. Who he is, what he wants to do) but blindly follows his parents’ opinion to persuade further study in college. Based on Identity Statuses Theory, Sammy is experiencing identity diffusion (Marcia,1966) in which he failed to attain commitment (occupational belief) and crisis (actively exploring and making conscious decision to understand his own identity). Besides, he has low self-esteem (i.e. the value he placed on himself) as he consider his classmates are more competent in both sports and academic performance than he does. He feels inferior at school. In order to overcome Sammy’s identity crisis, he should try to explore his own identity by constantly questioning himself about his own value, beliefs and academic pursuit to clarify his occupational and social roles. He can join various extra-curricular activities such as sports and music to discover his inborn talent. He might not be good at sports but he might be good at music or arts and crafts. To boost self-esteem, he needs to gain approval from peers to develop sense of belongingness. He could join more class activities and be generous (e.g. share...
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...society there is the need to first of all understand the term sense of belonging. The concept of sense of belonging may be define as the perception of similarity to others, an acknowledged interdependence with others, a willingness to maintain this interdependence by giving to or doing for others what one expects from them, and the feeling that one is part of a larger dependable and stable structure Belonging is closely linked to the concepts of identity, social groups, and communities. Because diverse experiences, backgrounds, cultures, heritages, and histories lead to unique individual experiences of belonging (or not belonging) in society, one person’s sense of belonging to a place or a people cannot readily be defined by others. Belonging to groups is the starting point of learning about roles and responsibilities and reflects choosing to identify with other members of society. Identity refers to who people feel that they are as individuals (“who I am”) and as members of groups (“who we are”). It also includes their identities in the eyes of others (for example, as they are commonly represented in the media McMillan & Chavis (1986) define sense of community as "a feeling that members have of belonging, a feeling that members matter to one another and to the group, and a shared faith that members' needs will be met through their commitment to be together. The following are how sense of belonging helps us to understand traditional societies in Africa; rite of passage...
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...do a survey and question people in two different locations about there interpretation of self, you would get several different answers. Yes there may be multiple answers, however, it does not mean that any of the answers are incorrect. As a matter of fact, each person will come up with their own self based of their own train of thought. This concept leads to another inquiry, which is of “how many self's” exist. Automatically, your instinct confirms that there is more than one; considering we all view the interpersonal self, body self, the societal self, and inner self. The way that others see you doesn't necessarily mean this is the way you may consider yourself in the same way, this is what can be referred to as self-recognized self identity. There are several terms that follow this theory. One example would be the spotlight effect. This is the state of mind that places ones mind at the center of the universe. This cause people to assume that others see themselves in the same light. Illusion of transparency is another example. Illusion of transparency states that we view our ideas in the same light as everyone around us. As a result, people tend to overestimate the extent to which their internal sensations leak out and are apparent to others. This is refereed to as the illusion of transparency (Gilovich, Savitsky, &...
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...Case Scenario Self-Esteem 1. Differentiate between the terms self-concept, self-esteem, and self-efficacy. Self-efficacy is being sure about completing a certain task to completion and is what leads to more self-confidence when you have self-efficacy in many tasks. (DuBrin, 2014) Having self-efficacy can actually help a person do better than someone who does not have self-efficacy. (DuBrin, 2014) Meaning, if Karen and Abe are given a task to complete and Karen is sure she will do well, while Abe thinks he will not do well, then Karen most probably will perform her task well, but Abe will perform inadequately. Additionally, if a person sets high goals for themselves, this can be attributed to self-efficacy. DuBrin cites research by George P. Hollenbeck and Douglas T. Hall that a person’s self-confidence stems from five sources. (2014) One source is our own experiences in life. Experiences that people experience in life is the best booster for more self-confidence, as in the first time a person creates a graph in Microsoft Word will build for that person greater self-confidence. This is basically an image builder which is also called self-concept. Self-concept is our perception of who we are as far as abilities or uniqueness and is our self-image. (DuBrin, 2014) Self-esteem differs from self-concept and self-efficacy, in that it is what we feel about ourselves. Self-esteem is brought about through actual accomplishments after which praise and recognition follow. (DuBrin, 2014) ...
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...After reviewing the Bob Knowlton case study, many concepts that are affecting the communication skills are apparent. Different factors [age, beliefs, culture, gender] were taken in to consideration while reviewing the case. Bobs self concept tells the unique story of the case study. Bob begins his story with a positive self concept and ends with a negative one. Towards the beginning of the case Bob gains self confidence in his work knowing he is a productive worker. During the time Fester arrives and begins working, Bobs self concept fades. During the case, Bob allows Fester to take over the group meetings and even take over his primary meeting as the project head. Eventually Bobs self concept plummets to next to nothing and Bob seeks a new job. Bob let social comparison steer him on to another career path in result to his “private me” being perceived as “not good enough.” The roles of the characters of the case study affect how each and every character interacts with one another. Bob approaches Jerrold with loyal work information, however he never felt comfortable disclosing his own discomforts with Fester being present in fear of showing weakness in his position. As the group began to break up Bob confronted Oliver and Davenport to get a sense of the reason for the splitting, yet did not confront Leak due to his role as a close colleague to Fester. Social needs affect the communication within the characters of the case study. Bob Knowlton loses his sense of control over...
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...Erik Erikson Author’s Name: Instructor’s Name: Institutional Affiliation: Course Details: Date of Submission: Erik Erikson Introduction Erik Erikson was a rare psychologist who created an eight-step model outlining the different steps in development psychology in the growth of an ordinary human being from birth to old age. His specific insights concerning human mental processes would affect the way people reacted to children and foment a deep interest in studies in human psychology. Though other psychologists have improved on Erikson’s initial findings, original findings retain a lot of significance. There is need to research and study Erikson’s work with particular interest in his explanation of the ‘adolescent stage’ Erikson’s Contribution Freud’s views about the nature and construction of the human personality significantly influenced Erik Erikson’s understanding of humanity. There was a considerable difference between the two men: whereas Erikson was an ego psychologist, Freud was an ID psychologist. Erikson stressed on the functions of society and culture and the divergences that can occur within the ego itself while Freud highlighted the conflict between the superego and ID. At all psychosexual phases, Erikson observed that the person grows in three levels concurrently: social, biological, and psychological, which represent the person, his or her connection to society, and individualism. His work was a lifetime representation of human development...
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...comparisons with other films where appropriate.” Almodóvar ’s 2001, La piel que habito, received mixed reviews from Spanish critics, one favourably calling it an “irracionalidad transcendida” whereas Spanish film critic Carlos Boyero called it a “notable idiotez”. However, most critics agree that this film merits a second viewing in order to appreciate the rich texture of the film, in which a lonely and haunted plastic surgeon (Banderas) becomes dangerously entangled with his personal experiment, Vicente, or “Vera” (Anaya) whom he believed had assaulted his mentally ill daughter, provoking her suicide. The film is the director’s first exploration of science fiction, containing an amalgamation of themes concerning gender and sexuality identity, whilst at the same time exploring the prison house of the self. In this essay I will discuss the ways in which these main themes are manifested in the plot and cinematography, their effect and finally the way in which Spanish critics have received Almodóvar’s latest work. Entrapment, or, the prison house of the self, is the confinement that all Almodóvar’s characters in Piel are subjected to in some form or another. It is through this mental and in Vera’s case, physical, confinement that tension is cleverly built up in the first half of the film, showing Almodóvar’s ability to manipulate the viewers until revealing the film’s twist. The opening shot is of a sleepy Toledo, in which the looming presence of “El Cigarral” can be seen...
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...Whenever we look at a playground, we supposed to see some children play happily with their peers and some are not. Have you ever wonder what make their behavior are so different? Life span development studies of how people grow and change during all phase of their lives. In the book I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings written by Maya Angelou proves that development is multidimensional including biological, cognitive and socioemotional. Maya is three years old and her brother, Bailey, is four experienced broken family and were sent to Stamps, Arkansas with pieces of paper attached on their bodies “to whom may it concern”. They live with their paternal grandmother, Annie Henderson, whom soon they called Momma. Maya and Bailey who was born and grew up were abandoned without the love, care and nourishment in a good environment with their biological parents have had many struggles to face during childhood to early adolescence and affect their entire life. As the beginning of the book, Maya was unable to finish her poem “What are you looking at me for? I didn’t come to stay…” According to Erikson, Maya must be in initiative versus guilt stage because Maya feels that she is awkward and ugly with kinky hair and dark skin. She dreams to be a beautiful white child with the straight blonde hair and blue eyes, not because she didn’t like herself, but because was taught not to like her Blackness. The social norms with stenotype expectation influences Maya’s development and personality when...
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...Consequences To Conformity, Compliance and Obedience Pertaining to Social Pressure Social Influence and Groups "Social influence is the process by which the actions of an individual or group affect the behavior of others" (Feldman, 2013). Many people know from their own experiences the undeniable pain, as well as changes in behavior, that is experienced by submitting to these type pressures, that otherwise, never would have resulted. Social pressures cause people to conform, comply, and obey. Furthermore, these actions and behaviors can have severe negative affects to our personal relationships, which will be address in the following paragraphs. Conformity: Following What Others Do Conformity can be defined as a change in behavior and attitudes that happens because of a need to follow other people (Feldman, 2013). Frequently, people conform to peers and social pressure because of their psychological need to be accepted. Everyone wants to feel loved and accepted. However, when this acceptance comes at the dangerous cost of conforming to social groups, changes occur that are sometimes not thought out and/or unexpected (Encyclopedia for Marriage and Family, 2003). For example, many times people lose their individuality and will not grow as a person because they do not feel they can voice their own thoughts and opinions. This is for fear that in so doing, they will go against their peer groups and become unaccepted. This type conformity usually begins during adolescents...
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...Unit 3: Social Groups and Deviance Chapter 6 discusses the importance of groups in our society. Recall a time when you had to work within a group in order to accomplish a specific task or project and then answer the following questions. 1. What was the project you were working on? I once worked on the project that is an intentional food festival. We needed to discuss how to celebrate this event and prepared everything for this event, such as how to publicize this event and design the ticket. 2. Did you/do you enjoy group work? Why/Why not? I really enjoyed this kind of group work. As a volunteer committee, I need to do different kinds of works. This group work brought me a lot of challenge. For example, I needed to design the poster and flyer with other members. That was my first time to do the design work. Fortunately, I had more ideas about how to design. This experience gave me a chance to develop myself and corporate with other people. I can contribute my efforts to this international event. So I really enjoy this group work. 3. When working in a group is you usually a leader, a follower, a slacker or some other role? Explain. As a leader in the design work, I provided the ideas and direction for other people. I like control everything, so I usually give a direction or ideas to organize the group work. In the international food festival, as a cooker to provide international food, I was a follower because this is a different group. We had three groups work for...
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...Sandra Cisneros exposes the life of the main character, Esperanza, for one year as she struggles with trying to find her place in America as a Chicana young girl while also coming of age. The novel starts the day Esperanza and her family of six move into a house on Mango Street, and immediately she expresses her antipathy for not only the house, but also for the area in which they move into and the people around who judge them because of their ethnicity. The story is not told in the traditional format of a continuous story divided into chapters, but rather Cisneros uses forty-four vignettes to allow for the reader to fully understand why Esperanza has the struggles that she has. Along with Cisneros’ illustrating Esperanza’s looking for her identity through images of Esperanza’s thoughts and female obedience, symbolism of violence, legs, the Statue for Liberty, and Nenny, and diction of Spanish words, not using quotation marks, and a maturing tone, she also uses these them to permeate Esperanza’s desperation to leave Mango Street throughout the whole novel. Cisneros’ use of vignettes highlights important moments in Esperanza’s life that emphasize how she develops over the course of a year. Cisneros uses the brevity of the vignettes to enhance the imagery to give the most vivid image through her limited amount of words for each of the forty-four vignettes. Not writing in these vignettes would have allowed her to portray more lengthy and not as focused images to her readers with more...
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...is an author who is endearing in his modest humility, cheerful narrative and superior wisdom and whose style of writing allows him to be as enlightening as he is entertaining. Chiang embraces his identity as a foreigner and begins his book by defining himself as an Oriental, “One of those strange Chinese people who ‘belong to an age gone by’”(ix). He is not embarrassed by his race or ethnicity and does not attempt to hide his background as he travels. Chiang celebrates his Chinese upbringing and the alternative perspective that this experience brings to life in London by disputing the fundamental differences between nations and nationalities. Chiang negates the idea that the peoples of the world are capable of differing greatly from one another given our fundamental sameness; “They may be different superficially, but they eat, drink, sleep, dress, and shelter themselves from wind and rain in the same way”(ix). The strangeness that Chiang feels as an outsider is not a product of human nature since similarities in taste and experience exist far beyond geographical borders; it is instead an opportunity to look at things from a different perspective and to share that perspective with the world. The Silent Traveller in London presents foreign identity or ‘otherness‘ as an opportunity to comment on Western culture by comparing it to home. For Chiang, great joy lies in the formation of this comparison and...
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