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Documented Essay: Chemistry

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Assignment #3
Documented Essay: Chemistry

SCI 110
Professor Denise Stiglich

Describe the difference between a mixture and a compound

As described in the text book, a mixture has unlike parts and a composition that varies from sample to sample (Tillery, p. 200). The book provides an example of sand from a beach. It has a variable mixture of such things as bits of rocks, minerals and sea shells (Tillery, p. 200). A compound is a pure substance that can be decomposed by a chemical change into simpler substances with a fixed mass ratio (Tillery, p. 201). So the difference is that a compound is made up of two or more elements that have a composition that is constant. And a Mixture is an aggregate of two or more substances that are not chemically united.
Suppose that you have a pure substance. How can you tell whether it is a compound or an element?

The way you can tell if a pure substance is a compound or an element is that an element is made up of one kind of atom. For example, gold is an element. If you were to keep cutting the gold until you only had one particle of gold that couldn’t be cut anymore, you would have one atom. A substance that is a compound has two or more elements. For example, water is a compound that is made up of two different elements, hydrogen and oxygen.
What is the difference between an ionic and a covalent bond?

As stated in the text book, an ionic bond is defined as the chemical bond of electrostatic attraction between negative and positive ions (Tillery, p. 206). For example, the book gives a great example of how sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) combine together to make to make salt. A covalent bond is a chemical bond formed by the sharing of at least a pair of electrons (Tillery, p. 207). For example, it covalent bond can be two single hydrogen atoms moving towards each other to form a bond. After they bond, they will now be H2.
Explain why ionic compounds are formed when a metal from the left side of the periodic table reacts with a nonmetal from the right side. Give two examples of such compounds.

Ionic compounds are compounds that are held together by ionic bonds. They are formed when metals react with nonmetals. Metals typically have positive ions which are on the left side and gases have negative ions and are on the right side. So when sodium, which is a metal that has positive ions and chloride, which is a gas that has negative ions come together, they from an ionic bond. Another example of of an ionic compound is calcium fluoride (CaF2) (Tillery, p. 207).
Explain why covalent bonds are formed when nonmetals from the right side of the periodic table bond with each other. Give two examples of such compounds.

Nonmetals typically have a higher level of electro-negativity, which will cause the atoms to have a strong attraction for electrons. They will share these electrons which causes them to bond. Examples of such compounds are 2 hydrogen atoms bonding to make H2 and two atoms of Fluoride bonding to make F2. (Tillery, p. 209)

References
Tillery, B. W. (2008). Integrated Science. Boston, MA. McGraw-Hill

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