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Bicol College High School
A.Y. 2015-2016

Proyekto sa Filipino

Ipinasa ni: Renzie Kae C. Miranda

Ipinasa kay:
Mr. Manuel V. Reyes

Ang Talambuhay ni Elpidio Quirino

Ang Ikaanim ng Pangulo ng Republika ng Pilipinas
Abril 17, 1948 – Disyembre 30, 1953

Tala ng kanyang Buhay
Araw ng pagkasilang: Nobyembre 16, 1890
Lugar na sinilangan: Vigan, Ilocos Sur
Ama: Mariano Quirino
Ina: Gregoria Rivera
Maybahay: Alicia Syquia
Mga Anak: Armando, Norma at Fe
Araw ng kamatayan: Pebrero 29, 1955
Lugar kung saan namatay: Novaliches, Quezon City
Edad nang mamatay: 65

Edukasyon

* Elementarya at Mataas na Paaralan * Mababang Paaralan ng Aringay, La Union * Mataas na Paaralan ng San Fernando, La Union * Mataas na Paaralan ng Vigan, Ilocos Sur * Mataas na Paaralan ng Maynila (1911) * Kolehiyo * Batsilyer ng Abogasya, Kolehiyo ng Abogasya ng Pamantasan ng Pilipinas (1915) * Doktor ng Abogasya, honoris causa, Pamantasan ng Maynila noong Abril 17, 1948 * Doktor ng Abogasya, honoris causa, Pamantasan ng Maynila noong Pebrero 12, 1949 * Doktor ng Abogasya, honoris causa, Fordham University, New York noong Agosto 12, 1949 * mga nagawa at mga programa * Tala sa Kasaysayan: Mga Nagawa at Programa na Naipatupad * May taguring Arkitekto ng Pambansang Ekonomiya. * Nagtrabaho bilang kawani sa Maynila Police Department upang matustusan ang pag-aaral. * Nagtrabaho sa Kawanihan ng Mga Lupain. * Personal na Kalihim ni pangulong Quezon, komisyonado ng Pilipinas at Senado. * Naging kinatawan ng Ilocos Sur sa Pambansang Asembleya. * Kinatawan ng Pilipinas sa International Bar Conference sa Peking, China noong 1921.

Dalawang pagkakataong nahalal na senador (1925 at 1945).
Hinirang na maging Kalihim ng Pananalapi noong panahon ni Pangulong Manuel L. Quezon.
Kapanabay ng Kalihim ng Ugnayang Panlabas noong panahon ng komonwelt. Nanungkulan sa Panguluhan sanhi ng biglang pagkamatay ni Pangulong Roxas noong 1948. Sa panahon niya tinambangan at pinatay ng mga Huk ang dating Unang Ginang Aurora Aragon Quezon.
Napanumbalik ang kapayapaan at katiwasayan ng bansa sa pagkalupig ng HUKBALAHAP sa tulong nang itinatalagang Kalihim ng Tanggulan ng bansa na si Ramon Magsaysay. Sa panahon niya itinatag ang mga Bangko Rural at Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas.
Noong November 16, 2015, ipagdiriwang ng bansa ang ika-125 taong kaarawan ni Pangulong Elpidio Quirino, ang unang Ilocano President, da original Apo Lakay.
Sa matagal na panahon, palaisipan sa akin kung bakit ang mahahalagang kalsada sa Kamaynilaan na Quirino Highway at Quirino Avenue, pati na rin ang Quirino Province, at ang iba’t ibang Quirino schools sa bansa ay nakapangalan sa kanya. Deserving ba siya nito, e kapag pinag-uusapan ang kasaysayan ng Pilipinas ay dinadaanan lang siya?
Gayundin, ang naaalala lamang sa kanyang administrasyon ay talamak raw ang korupsyon at nagmamay-ari raw siya ng isang Golden Orinola. Elitista raw kasi hitsura ni Kuya at mahilig mag-party.

Simula sa pagiging-guro, naging pangulo ng Pilipinas

Si Elpidio Quirino ay isinilang sa kulungan ng Vigan noong November 16, 1890. Isinilang siya doon hindi dahil kriminal ang kanyang mga magulang, kundi dahil ang kanyang ama na si Don Mariano ay warden ng karsel na iyon.
Nag-aaral pa lamang siya ng mataas na paaralan noong 1906, sa edad na 16, nang kinuha na si Pidiong na guro ng elementarya dahil nangailangan ang barrio ng Caparia-an, Agoo, La Union. Limang buwan siyang naging guro doon kaya naman ang tema nang pagdiriwang ngayong taong 2015 ay “Guro to Pangulo: One Educator’s Journey to Greatness.”
Sa kanyang naipon, nakalipat siya ng pag-aaral sa Manila High School at bilang working student, nakapagtapos ng siya ng abogasya sa Unibersidad ng Pilipinas noong 1915. Pumangalawa rin siya sa bar exam. Si Quirino mismo ay hindi mayaman subalit napangasawa niya ay mula sa isa sa pinakamayamang angkan sa Vigan, si Alicia Sy-quia. Nang madiskubre siya ni Senate President Manuel Quezon, nagsimula na ang kanyang pag-angat sa pulitika, naging mambabatas, senador, miyembro ng Independence Mission at delegado ng Constitutional Convention. Humawak din siya ng mga posisyon sa Gabinete. Siya rin ang unang dekano ng Adamson University College of Law.

Pagsubok na magpapatibay kay Quirino pagsapit ng Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig sa Pilipinas ay malaking dagok sa buhay ni Apo Pidiong. Sa pagsuporta niya at ng kanyang kapatid na si Antonio sa mga gerilya, sila ay inaresto at 15 araw na ikinulong sa Fort Santiago ng mga Hapones.
Noong nalalapit na ang pagdating ng mga Amerikano, tinanggihan niya ang mungkahi na tumungo na siya at ang kanyang pamilya sa Baguio. Tinamaan ng bomba ang kanilang duplex na tinitirhan sa Maynila at dahil dito ay naatake sa puso ang ina ni Alicia at kinailangan nilang lumipat sa katabing bahay.
Noong February 12, 1945, habang sinusubukang tumakas dahil sa gutom ang mga Quirino, nakita sila ng mga tauhan ng Japanese Navy at pinagbabaril sila. Patay ang anak niyang si Norma at ang asawang si Alicia na kalong-kalong ang anak na si Fe Angela, na tinuluyan ng mga hapon sa pamamagitan ng bayoneta. Natamaan ng shrapnel si Armando habang binabawi ang mga katawan ng kapamilya.
Si Elpidio ay nagbabalot pa lamang ng mga damit at hindi pa nakalalabas. Tila tumigil ang kanyang mundo nang makita ang katawan ng mga mahal sa buhay. Nang ligtas na ang paligid, bumalik siya sa kanilang tahanan at nakitang buhay pa ang kanyang mga anak na sina Vicky at Tommy na nakatakbo mula sa eksena, bagama’t ang babae ay sugatan sa binti.
Ang isa sa pinakamataas na tao sa bansa, ay nagpabalik-balik na tumawid sa Ilog Pasig buhat-buhat ang mga kapamilya, siyam lahat kabilang ang iba pang mga kamag-anak, upang bigyan ng maayos na libing. Wala na ang kanyang asawa at tatlo sa kanyang limang anak.
Pangulong Mahusay: Si Quirino Bilang Ama ng Philippine Foreign Service. Sa muling pagtatag ng pamahalaan matapos ang digmaan, hinirang ni Pangulong Manuel Roxas na unang Kalihim ng Ugnayang Panlabas ng Ikatlong Republika si Elpidio kasabay ng pagiging Pangalawang Pangulo noong 1946. Ayon kay Dr. Ricardo José, diplomatic historian mula sa UP Departamento ng Kasaysayan, gamit ang karanasan sa pagsama-sama kay Quezon bilang kanyang kalihim sa mga Independence Missions sa Estados Unidos at ang karanasan sa pakikipag-usap sa mga matataas na opisyal na mga dayuhan, itinatag ni Quirino ang Department of Foreign Affairs “from scratch.” naglaon, kanyang ipapatupad ang mga eksamen para sa mga magiging diplomat ngunit tulad ng sinabi ni Dr. José, “But since the department was still being built, its first members were appointed directly, based on Secretary Quirino’s recommendation.” Nakapagbukas din tayo ng diplomatikong relasyon sa 27 na bansa. Isang kahanga-hangang tagumpay sa isang maliit at bagong bansa pa lamang.
Sa kanyang pakikipagnegosasyon sa mga Amerikano, sinikap niyang itaguyod ang interes ng mga Pilipino. Bagama’t mahirap. Nasabi nga ng isang Amerikanong diplomat sa inis sa kanya, “The trouble with Quirino is that he is taking Philippine Independence too seriously.” Nagawa niyang bawasan ang bilang ng mga lugar na mananatiling base-militar sa Pilipinas mula 70 hanggang 23 na lamang.
Nang maging pangulo, napilit niya ang mga Amerikano na gawing iron clad ang kanilang pagtatanggol sa Pilipinas kung sakaling manganib ang bansa sa pamamagitan ng paghingi ng Mutual Defense Treaty, na hanggang ngayon ay batayan ng ating pakikipagkaibigan sa Estados Unidos.
Isang indikasyon na tumitingin na sa ibang lugar liban sa Amerika si Quirino para sa pagkakaibigan ng bansa ay ang pagpapahalaga niya sa Asya.
Noong Mayo 26-30, 1950, pinulong ni Quirino ang Southeast Asia Union Conference sa Lungsod ng Baguio, kilala sa tawag na Baguio Conference. Nagbunga ang pulong ng mga hakbang tungo sa pagtutulungan ng mga bansang Pakistan, Thailand, India, Ceylon, Australia, Indonesia at Pilipinas sa mga usapin ng kultura at ekonomiya.

Ipinilit ni Quirino ang isang samahan ng mga bansa na tatawaging Pacific Union upang pagkaisahin ang mga bansa sa Asya-Pasipiko na makipagtulungan sa isa’t isa. Kaso inisnab ng Amerika at India ang mungkahi dahil sa iba-iba ang isinusulong na ideolohiya ng mga bansang pagsasama-samahin. Panahon iyon ng pagsisimula ng Cold War at ilag ang US sa mga komunistang bansa lalo na sa pagkilala ng People’s Republic of China.
Masyado pang maaga sa panahon ang ideya ni Quirino. Pagdating ng panahon, ang Amerika na mismo ang gagawa ng ideya ni Quirino sa pamamagitan ng pagtatatag ng South East Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) sa pag-igting ng Cold War. Ipagpapatuloy rin ang pakikipagtulungang ekonomiko at kultural ng mga bansa sa mga samahang itatatag pagdating ng panahon—Malaysia-Philippines-Indonesia (MAPHILINDO), Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) at ang Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation o (APEC) na nagpupulong ang mga pinuno ngayong linggo sa Maynila.
Ayon kay Dean Gloria Santos ng Philippine Historical Association, “Quirino is regarded as the Father of Foreign Service for as the first secretary of foreign affairs, he was responsible for the establishment, development, and growth of the foreign service.”

Pangulong Dakila: Isang pinunong may malinaw na plano

Si Quirino ang kauna-unahang pangulo na naglatag sa industriyalisasyon ng sariling bansa bilang batayang hakbang tungo sa pag-unlad nito.
Ngunit hindi lang ito bola, kongkreto niya itong ipinakita sa pagtatatag ng mga hydroelectric plants tulad ng Ambuklao Dam at maging sa Mindanao sa pamamagitan ng Maria Cristina Falls hydroelectric at fertilizer plants; Nagpatayo ng irigasyon sa mga Ilog Agno at Pampanga at nagpamahagi ng lupa sa Isabela, Cotabato, Bukidnon at Lanao. Siya din ang lumagda ng batas na nagtatatag ng Central Bank of the Philippines, ang pangunahing institusyon ng pananalapi sa Pilipinas.
Gayundin hindi niya kinalimutan ang kanyang pinagmulan. Malapit-lapit sa bituka ng mga tao ang pagsulong niya ng Minimum Wage Law, ang pag-amyenda sa Women’s Compensation Act at ang 8-hour Law upang maipatupad na ito ng maayos, at ang mga proyektong pabahay sa Lungsod Quezon, na ginawa niyang kabisera ng Pilipinas, para sa mga ordinaryong empleyado ng pamahalaan.
Upang ipakita ang sinseridad ni Quirino na makinig sa kahilingan ng mga rebeldeng komunistang Huk, pinadala niya ang kanyang kapatid na si Antonio upang makipagnegosasyon sa Supremo nilang si Luis Taruc, at pinatuloy ni Quirino sa sariling tahanan si Taruc sa pagbaba nito sa kabundukan, sa kabila ng dami ng mga hotel na mayroon na noon. Dito makikita na nais makipag-usap ni Quirino sa mga rebelde bilang kapamilya niya. Nang bumagsak ang pag-uusap at pinatay ng mga Huk sa isang ambush ang kabiyak ng kanyang mentor, si Doña Aurora Aragon Quezon noong 1949. Pinagpatuloy niya ang pagpapatupad ng kahilingan ng mga Huk sa pamamagitan ng kanyang mga programa para sa social amelioration, na pagdating ng panahon ay magiging Social Security System, pagpapautang para sa kagamitan at pangangailangan sa pagtatanim ng mga magsasaka at ang pagpapautang para sa pagpapatayo ng pabahay, na pagdating ng panahon ay magpapatuloy sa pamamagitan ng PAGIBIG Fund.

Hindi lamang matalino kundi may puso din!

Ngunit hindi lamang talino, may puso rin si EQ. Bagay nga sa kanya ang initials niya, may emotional quotient (EQ) siya.
Ipinakita ni Quirino ang kanyang EQ sa ilang mga pagkakataon. Ang mga White Russians, mga residente ng Rusya na tagasuporta ng Czar at mga anti-komunista, ay tumakas noong panahon ng 1917 Bolshevik Revolution patungo sa Tsina.
Nanganib ang buhay nila dahil sa pagwawagi ng mga Komunista sa Tsina. Lumikas sila ngunit walang bansa sa daigdig ang gustong tumanggap sa kanila. Hindi ito nakapagtataka, kakatapos pa lamang ng digmaan at ang mga bansa ay problemado pa rin sa kani-kanilang mga suliranin. Gayundin, 6,000 katao sila.
Sa kabila nito, si Quirino lamang ang tanging pinuno sa mundo na dagling kumupkop sa kanila at pinatira sila sa Tubabao Island, Guiuan, Eastern Samar sa loob ng tatlong taon. Sa kanyang pagbisita doon, ipinagiba niya ang mga pader upang ipadama sa mga ito na malaya sila sa bayang ito.
Nang manganib ang demokratikong pamahalaan ng South Korea nang salakayin ito ng North Korea sa tulong ng mga Tsino noong 1950, tumugon muli si Quirino sa kahilingan ng United Nations na magpadala ng mga batalyon na tutulong na pigilin ito. Nagningning ang galing ng Pilipino sa pakikipagdigma sa Digmaan sa Korea, ang pinakaunang pakikidigma ng mga Pilipino sa dayuhang bansa.
Sinabi sa kanila ni Quirino, “…You who are to go now will be the first to carry the flag of your own sovereign nation abroad in the war for freedom…. Poor as we are, this country is making a great sacrifice in sending you there but every Peso invested in you is a sound investment for the perpetuation of our liberty and freedom.”
Noong 1953, nilapitan si Quirino ng kanyang manugang na si Luis “Chito” Gonzales, kakakasal pa lamang niya sa anak ni Quirino, ang Unang Ginang Vicky Quirino, at sinabi niya sa pangulo, “Papa, I want to go to war.” Digmaan ang halos umubos sa kanyang pamilya nang walang awang patayin ng mga Hapones ang kanyang asawa at tatlong anak. Buntis ang Unang Ginang at maaaring manganib ang buhay ng asawa ng kanyang anak dahil muli sa isa na namang digmaan. Ngunit, ang tugon ni Quirino, “If you go to war, then my son has to go with you!” Kaya naman, si Lt. Tommy Quirino ay nagsilbi sa Korean War bilang tagapag-ugnay ng komunikasyon habang si Lt. Chito Gonzales ay nagsilbi bilang reconnaissance pilot doon at nabigyan pa ng Military Air Medal ng Estados Unidos at ng Korean Pilot Wing Medal ni Pangulong Syngman Rhee dahil sa kanyang katapangan.
Ibinigay din ni Chito sa kanyang mga kasamahan ang suweldo niya sa dalawang buwan niyang paninilbihan.
Ayon kay Quirino sa mga kasapi ng 14th Battalion Combat Team, “I sent ahead of you, my only son and my son-in-law to offer their blood in the defense of democracy. Thus, my pride will be that with my own flesh and blood, I shall have participated in your coming struggle and victory for the honor and prestige of our country.” Bayan o sarili? Bayan ang pinili ni Quirino. Ngayon, ang South Korea ay isa nang maunlad na bansa. Hindi sana naisakatuparan ito kung hindi lumaban ang 16 na bansa, at kasama po riyan ang Pilipinas. At sa kabila ng pag-ubos ng mga Hapones sa halos kanyang buong pamilya noong World War II, noong July 4, 1953, habang nagpapagamot sa John Hopkins Hospital, nagbigay siya ng Executive Clemency sa 437 na mga nananatiling Japanese War Criminals na ilang taon na ring nakapiit sa bansa.
Hindi ito maintindihan ng marami subalit ayon sa kanya, maaari pa nating maging kaibigan ang mga Hapones para sa interes ng bansa. Nais niyang maghilom na ang sugat na iniwan ng digmaan.
Anong klaseng tao ito na imbes na paghihiganti ay pang-unawa ang kanyang isinukli sa mga taong gumawa sa kanyang pamilya ng masama?
Isang maginoo, isang disenteng tao.

Hatol ng Kasaysayan

Nakakalungkot isipin na ang naaalala ng marami sa kanya ay ang hindi niya napigilang korupsyon sa bansa sa kabila ng kanyang mga pagsisikap. Kasi naman mismong mga kapartido niya ay bahagi ng kanyang sakit ng ulo at mismong kumalaban sa kanya. Maging ang CIA ay tinulungang silang siraan siya.
Ipinakalat ng mga kalaban niya na mayroon siyang Gintong Orinola, na ayon sa mga historyador “doesn’t make sense.” Ayon sa kanyang anak at Unang Ginang Vicky Quirino, ayaw gumamit ng ama niya ng orinola at kahit maysakit kailangang dalhin sa banyo. Ngunit tumugma ang paninira na ito sa imaheng elitista, na mula estudyante pa lamang ay nais nang laging magmukhang presentable, naka-amerikana. Isang taong mahilig sa kasiyahan at sa mga magagandang bagay sa buhay. Ngunit buong buhay niya iisa lamang ang kanyang naging ari-arian: ang kanyang huling tahanan sa Novaliches, sa ngayon ay Quirino Highway. Ang iba ay ari-arian na ng kanyang asawang mayaman. Ang kanyang pamilya rin ay nagpatuloy na mamuhay ng marangal matapos siyang mamatay noong 1956.
Ayon kay Quirino, “So conduct yourself that both in public and in private life you can always look straight into any man’s eyes and tell him ‘Go to hell!’ ” Sa kanyang kaarawan, binabalikan na ng mga historyador ang kanyang pamana at nakikita na sa paglipas ng panahon at sa paghahambing sa mga sumunod pang mga pangulo, hindi na masama, bagkus magniningning pa ang kanyang rekord. Dahil ayon nga sa respetadong dating UP President na si Salvador P. Lopez sa kanyang talambuhay kay Qurino na The Judgment of History, “With the passage of time, Elpidio Quirino stands taller still in the Pantheon of Philippine Presidents… He deserves to be enshrined in the hearts of the Filipino people not only as First Diplomat and eminent… President of the Republic of the Philippines, but in the sober judgment of many, as the greatest and the best.” Isinabuhay ni Apo Pidiong ang mga salitang binitiwan niya sa kanyang talumpating pampasinaya, ang pinakamaikli sa kasaysayan ng bansa, matapos na mamatay ang Pangulong Roxas, "Tolerance, Goodwill and Love."

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...1. ------------------------------------------------- cupcake ------------------------------------------------- Ingredients • 2 1/4 cups all purpose flour • 1 1/3 cups sugar • 3 teaspoons baking powder • 1/2 teaspoon salt • 1/2 cup shortening • 1 cup milk • 1 teaspoon vanilla • 2 large eggs ------------------------------------------------- Easy Cupcake Recipe Directions Preheat oven to 350 degrees.  Line cupcake pans with paper liners. Combine flour, sugar, baking powder, and salt in a large mixing bowl.  Add shortening, milk, and vanilla.  Beat for 1 minute on medium speed.  Scrape side of bowl with a spatula. Add eggs to the mixture.  Beat for 1 minute on medium speed.  Scrape bowl again.  Beat on high speed for 1 minute 30 seconds until well mixed. Spoon cupcake batter into paper liners until 1/2 to 2/3 full. Bake for 20 to 25 minutes or until toothpick inserted in center comes out clean. Cool 5 minutes in pans then remove and place on wire racks to cool completely. Once cupcakes are completely cooled, frost with your favorite frosting recipe or decorate as you desire. 2. Cupcake ------------------------------------------------- Ingredients • 3 oz. unsweetened chocolate, melted • 1 teaspoon vanilla • 2 large eggs • 2/3 cup butter, softened • 1 and 1/4 cup water • 2 and 1/4 cup all purpose flour • 1 and 3/4 cup sugar • 1 teaspoon baking powder • 3/4 teaspoon baking soda • 1/4 teaspoon salt ------------------------------------------------- ...

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...Insomnia I woke up, bathed in sweat. Once again a nightmare disturbed my night´s sleep. It was too early to early to get up, but I was restless. I knew I would not be able to fall asleep again, doesn´t matter how hard I´d try. I hated to get up at an unearthly hour! I rolled out of bed and trudged into the kitchen to have some lemonade. It was still dark outside and the windy weather made the trees outside scratch against my windows. The thought about my nightmare disgusted me. I drank my glass of lemonade at one go. Afterwards I went to the bathroom to get some cold water in my face to refresh up a bit. I looked myself in the eyes in the mirror with dislike, wondering why such nightmares were torturing me night after night. I hated myself for that, but could not help it anyway. All day long at work I was absent and worn out. All I could think about was that I wanted some sleep. I felt like I did not sleep a wink last night. Pictures from the nightmare whirled around in my head like an infinite movie. The whole day was a pure nightmare too, people looked strangely at me like I was a sick person instead of asking how I felt. But on the other hand I would not like to answer if they did anyway. None of their business. That night I lay in my bed and stared around in the room for indefinite time. I felt so tired, but I was afraid of falling asleep to get hunted by nightmares again. I thought about how I could make an end of this riot. I was sick and tired of that condition...

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...ALEXANDRIA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF COMMERCE [pic] Organizational Behavior and Management Instructor: Dr. Aly A. Messallam Term Paper Impact of Motivation On Employee’s Performance & Turnover Prepared By: Amr A. Lotfy Table of content 1- Abstract ……………………………………………….3 2- Introduction………………………………………….4 3- Literature review………………………………….4 4- Motivation theories…………………………...…5 5- Turnover…………………………………..………….11 6- Performance Improvement and Appraisal for Employees……………..15 7- Existing situation………………………………..17 8- Conclusion and suggestions………………..18 9- References…………………………………………..19 1- Abstract In any organization employee motivation is the key factor for organizational performance. Since motivation influences productivity, managers need to understand what motivates employees to reach peak performance. It is not an easy task to increase employee motivation because employees respond in different ways to their jobs and their organization's practices. Managers pay a heavy price when employees have motivation problems. When high-performing employees have unresolved motivation issues, their performance either declines or they leave for another job. When poor-performing employees are not motivated to improve, they drag down results, reduce productivity among their team members and, worse, seldom leave because they have no place to go. Alexandria Mineral Oils Company (AMOC) is an industrial company working in the field of petroleum...

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...Wiki Loves Monuments: Photograph a monument, help Wikipedia and win! Production theory From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Production theory is the study of production, or the economic process of converting inputs into outputs. Production uses resources to create a good or service that is suitable for use, gift-giving in a gift economy, or exchange in a market economy. This can include manufacturing, storing, shipping, and packaging. Some economists define production broadly as all economic activity other than consumption. They see every commercial activity other than the final purchase as some form of production. Production is a process, and as such it occurs through time and space. Because it is a flow concept, production is measured as a “rate of output per period of time”. There are three aspects to production processes: 1. the quantity of the good or service produced, 2. the form of the good or service created, 3. The temporal and spatial distribution of the good or service produced. A production process can be defined as any activity that increases the similarity between the pattern of demand for goods and services, and the quantity, form, shape, size, length and distribution of these goods and services available to the market place. Contents * 1 Neoclassical Theory of Production * 1.1 Factors of production * 1.2 Total, average, and marginal product * 1.3 Diminishing returns * 1.4 Diminishing marginal returns...

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...Website: www.bangladesh-bank.org www.bangladeshbank.org.bd www.bb.org.bd Banking Regulation & Policy Department Bangladesh Bank Head Office Dhaka BRPD Circular No.02 Date: February 27, 2011 ---------------------Falgun 15, 1417 Chief Executives All Scheduled Banks in Bangladesh Policy Guidelines for Green Banking Introduction: We are aware that global warming is an issue that calls for a global response. The rapid change in climate will be too great to allow many eco-systems to suitably adapt, since the change have direct impact on biodiversity, agriculture, forestry, dry land, water resources and human health. Due to unusual weather pattern, rising greenhouse gas, declining air quality etc. society demands that business also take responsibility in safeguarding the planet. Green finance as a part of Green Banking makes great contribution to the transition to resource-efficient and low carbon industries i.e. green industry and green economy in general. Green banking is a component of the global initiative by a group of stakeholders to save environment. The state of environment in Bangladesh is rapidly deteriorating. The key areas of environmental degradation cover air pollution, water pollution and scarcity, encroachment of rivers, improper disposal of industrial medical and house-hold waste, deforestation, loss of open space and loss of biodiversity. In addition, Bangladesh is one of the most climate change vulnerable countries. In line with ...

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...Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank the entire OII team for their support of OxIS research. Our particular thanks to Prof. Helen Margetts, Dr Rebecca Eynon and Martin Dimov for their contributions to this report. We also wish to acknowledge Kunika Kono and David Sutcliffe for their design and editorial support of this report. For their early contributions to OxIS we would like to thank Prof. Richard Rose, Dr Adrian Shepherd, and Dr Corinna di Gennaro. All have helped shape the evolution of this research. We are grateful for the support of OxIS 2007 by the Higher Education Funding Council of England (HEFCE) and sponsorship of the OxIS 2007 Survey by The British Library, Cisco, Ofcom, and Talisma. Our colleagues from these sponsoring organisations have made valuable comments, helping to ensure that OxIS continues to address enduring as well as emerging issues of policy and practice. Please cite the source of text and data excerpts as: Dutton, W. and Helsper, E.J. (2007) The Internet in Britain: 2007. Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford (Oxford, UK). © The University of Oxford for the Oxford Internet Printed copies can be ordered from the enquiries assistant at: enquiries@oii.ox.ac.uk. Copies cost £5 each (to cover the cost of postage and handling). All orders should be sent along with full payment in UK Pounds Sterling to: Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, 1 St Giles, Oxford OX1 3JS, United Kingdom. Please do not send cash. Cheques should be drawn...

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...Ozone Layer Depletion: Introduction Are we damaging our protective blanket? Sunlight contains some ultraviolet light, and when we expose ourselves to too much of it, we get a sunburn. Over time, too much exposure to ultraviolet light can lead to cataracts and skin cancer. The earth has a layer in the upper atmosphere, consisting mostly of ozone gas, that filters out most of the ultraviolet in the sun's radiation. Recently there has been scientific evidence that we have been releasing gases that damage this layer. Our country and others have reacted by invoking legislation that should eliminate these contaminants from the atmosphere.   What does the Ozone Layer do? * Ozone absorbs 99% of the harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Without the Ozone Layer * Most of the harmful UV radiation will penetrate the atmosphere. The Ozone Layer The ozone layer is a layer in Earth's atmosphere which contains relatively high concentrations of ozone (O3). This layer absorbs 97-99% of the sun's high frequency ultraviolet light, which is potentially damaging to life on earth. Over 90% of ozone in earth's atmosphere is present here "Relatively high" means a few parts per million—much higher than the concentrations in the lower atmosphere but still small compared to the main components of the atmosphere. It is mainly located in the lower portion...

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...BINDURA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE EDUCATION FACULTY OF COMMERCE DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS COURSE OUTLINE FOR ECONOMIC PRINCIPLES1 – EC101 Lecturers : A.Chingarande (0776326638), F. Tafirei (0772757491) & M. Mzumara (0712737723) Emails : achingarande@buse.ac.zw, ftafirei@buse.ac.zw & mmzumara@buse.ac.zw Consulting Times: Tuesdays and Thursdays 0900 Hrs – 1100Hrs or by appointment Venue : Office No H8 (Clinic Office) Main Campus Course Aims:   Provide a basis of factual knowledge of economics; Encourage the student to develop:  a facility for self-expression, not only in writing but also in using additional aids, such as statistics and diagrams, where appropriate;  the habit of using works of reference as sources of data specific to economics;  the habit of reading critically to gain information about the changing economy we live in; and  an appreciation of the methods of study used by the economist, and of the most effective ways economic data may be analysed, correlated, discussed and presented. Course Objectives:      Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the specified content; Interpret economic information presented in verbal, numerical or graphical form; Explain and analyse economic issues and arguments, using relevant economic concepts, theories and information; Evaluate economic information, arguments, proposals and policies, taking into consideration relevant information and theory, and distinguishing facts from hypothetical statements and value...

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