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Does an Infant’s Temperament Shape His/Her Cognitive and Socio-Emotional Development?

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Submitted By joynah
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In this paper I will explain how temperament shapes the cognitive, socio-emotional development. I will discuss various theories of human development, identify the social and emotional domains development and how they affect temperament. I will discuss the eight stages of socialization according to Eric Erikson, and the cultural perspectives of temperament.
A person’s temperament, biology, environment, and even attachment to others can affect how social the individual is. Temperament is an important aspect of emotional development. Temperament is the pattern of arousal and emotionality that are consistent and enduring characteristics of an individual (Shriner B., & Shriner M., 2014). We all have a temperament, and according to Eric Erikson we gain our temperament as infants. Individual children carry with them somewhat stable, biologically determined factors, such as temperaments that dispose them to be more or less aroused physiologically and emotionally to social stimuli or that facilitate or inhibit social approach orientations and emotional expression (Rubin, K. H. (1998). Erikson’s greatest contribution is his focus on psychosocial development, which refers to the development within the social environment in which a person lives, primarily focusing on relationships with other people (Erikson, 1968).

Erikson believed that there are certain time periods in which humans must gain certain insights (Witt, G., & Mossler, R., 2010). Erikson's psychosocial theory basically asserts that people experience eight 'psychosocial crisis stages' which significantly affect each person's development and personality.
Emotional development is something that occurs throughout our lifespan. Primary emotions appear in the very early stages of infancy and are culturally universal—people of all cultures understand what these primary emotions are. Infants also

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