...accounts of intersectionality and utilize different approaches in their explanations. I will begin by analyzing their approaches separately, then I will explain how Crenshaw might object to Anzaldua’s account because it does not contain adequate factual evidence or realistic solutions. As a response from Anzaldua to Crenshaw’s objections, I will assert that Anzaldua effectively used personal and cultural experiences to reflect on intersectionality. Throughout her life, Anzaldua felt like she lived within borders. That in order to live and survive, she had to cross borders continuously. This is because multiple aspects of her life typically result in societal discrimination. She is unique in that she is a minority in several ways such as being a mix of Mexican and Anglo-Saxon, as well as being a lesbian. These aspects overlap and intertwine, which results in intersectionality. When crossing borders, one has to adapt to the different norms that are customary to the different sides of the border. It is necessary to exist in her worlds in different ways. For example, Mexican and Anglo-Saxon people have diverse views and rules that dictate appropriate actions and behavior that are accepted. Anzaldua is born of parents who are both Mexican and Anglo-Saxon, which makes her a mixture of both cultures. From the words of Azaldua, “Dominant...
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...conditions in that they make themselves into clandestine citizens of Europe without being able to claim national member-ship of an EU country. In so doing, they pre-empt a cosmopolitan European identity of a kind conceived as a political vision by the anti-Fascist and anti-racist resistance in Europe The cosmopolitan dream of an open Europe Europe’s new start after World War II was marked by post-national ideas. It was the experience of European Fascism with its nationalism and racism that gave wings to the social imagination of a different Europe. And it was first and foremost cosmopolitans of the Jewish and anti-Fascist diaspora who developed and represented this “third place” of a post-totalitarian, post-national Europe as a politically realistic perspective. Today, these origins of the modern Europe appear to have been forgotten. Yet the cosmopolitan dream of an open Europe that overcomes its historic barriers of nationalism, racism and colonialism is not dead. Today, however, it is less then ever before a perspective of the political elites. As an idea and as a demand, however, this Europe continues to have its place in the diaspora: among the critics and dissidents of the new Euro-statehood and among the migrants who fight a practical fight against the EU’s neo-colonial border regime. However, a new, disenchanted character of cosmopolitanism is emerging here, marked less by ethics than by the pragmatism of crossing borders. Migrant border research “If you want...
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...and his family members. Through the book, we watch him move backwards and forwards in time as bits and pieces of stories, both half-remembered and imagined, come together in his mind until he arrives at an intricate, interconnected picture of the world where borders and boundaries mean nothing, mere shadow lines that we draw dividing people and nations. The title ‘The Shadow Lines’ is the author’s commentary on the artificial nature of cultural, ideological, geographical and psychological borders, which he asks us to disregard in favour of a broader humanism. The titular ‘shadow lines’ can refer to many different things, but I believe the fundamental allusion he makes is to the borders that separate nations from each other. Divisions between nations - shadow lines Amitav Ghosh asserts that the borders that separate nations are nothing more than artificial lines created by men. Thus, the ‘shadow lines’ of the title are the borders that divide people, and one of the main emphases of the novel is on the arbitrariness of such cartographic demarcations. Why are these lines ‘shadowy’ then? Because like shadows, they lack substance, they lack meaning. Ghosh believes that these ‘shadow lines’, these meaningless borders, can and should be crossed – if not physically, then at least mentally through our imagination and through open-minded acceptance of people, irrespective of nationality, religion or race. In the novel, the lives of the narrator's family have been irrevocably...
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...and his family members. Through the book, we watch him move backwards and forwards in time as bits and pieces of stories, both half-remembered and imagined, come together in his mind until he arrives at an intricate, interconnected picture of the world where borders and boundaries mean nothing, mere shadow lines that we draw dividing people and nations. The title ‘The Shadow Lines’ is the author’s commentary on the artificial nature of cultural, ideological, geographical and psychological borders, which he asks us to disregard in favour of a broader humanism. The titular ‘shadow lines’ can refer to many different things, but I believe the fundamental allusion he makes is to the borders that separate nations from each other. Divisions between nations - shadow lines Amitav Ghosh asserts that the borders that separate nations are nothing more than artificial lines created by men. Thus, the ‘shadow lines’ of the title are the borders that divide people, and one of the main emphases of the novel is on the arbitrariness of such cartographic demarcations. Why are these lines ‘shadowy’ then? Because like shadows, they lack substance, they lack meaning. Ghosh believes that these ‘shadow lines’, these meaningless borders, can and should be crossed – if not physically, then at least mentally through our imagination and through open-minded acceptance of people, irrespective of nationality, religion or race. In the novel, the lives of the narrator's family have been irrevocably...
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...Assignment 1: Comparing Two Similar Businesses Bus302: Management Concepts Border Books and Amazon.com both started out selling books. So, why is Amazon.com one of the largest retailers in the world and Borders Books is out of business? There are many things that go into making a business a success. It is not enough to have a product to sell and a location to sell that product. In order to understand the difference between Amazon.com and Borders Books, it is important to look at the history and core business of each company, the management approach each company took to Internet marketing and sales, the reasons for Amazon’s success despite not turning a profit for the first five to six years, the reasons Borders Books, although they were initially successful ended up in bankruptcy, the extent to which the management of each company adapted to changing market conditions, and ways a company should build flexibility to back up its decision making process so to adapt to changing market conditions. In order to understand the difference between Amazon.com and Border Books, it is important to understand the history and core business of each company. Looking at Amazon.com first, Amazon.com opened for business on July, 16 1995. “The company was nothing more than a few people packing and shipping boxes of books from a two-car garage” (Webley, 2010). The company was using a desk made out of an old door to pack the books. When Amazon.com first started selling...
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...Kastberg Nielsen, Mr. Christian Jervelund, Ms. Karin Gros Pedersen, Ms. Benita Rytz, Mr. Eske Stig Hansen, Mr. Jacob Lind Ramskov Client Date: DG Internal Market and Services, European Commission 7 September 2007 2 Study on The Economic Impact of the Electronic Commerce Directive TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary.........................................................................................................4 Preface 6 Chapter 1 Main findings............................................................................................7 1.1. Intermediary providers and certain online merchants have benefitted already.......12 1.2. Cross border trade and productivity growth.........................................................12 1.3. Contractual obligations in consumer contracts may hinder cross border trade......14 Chapter 2 The impact of specific provisions............................................................16 2.1. Limited liability provisions ..................................................................................16 2.2. E-contracts ..........................................................................................................23 2.3. Information requirement provisions ....................................................................24 2.4. The establishment provision ................................................................................30 Chapter 3 Country of origin and the impact on prices and productivity......
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...MANAGING CULTURAL INTEGRATION IN CROSS-BORDER MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS Daniel R. Denison, Bryan Adkins and Ashley M. Guidroz ABSTRACT Cross-border M&A has become one of the leading approaches for firms to gain access to global markets. Yet there has been little progress in the research literature exploring the role that culture may play in the success of these ventures. Poor culture-fit has often been cited as one reason why M&A has not produced the outcomes organizations hoped for (Cartwright & Schoenberg, 2006). Cross-border M&A has the added challenges of having to deal with both national and organizational culture differences. In this chapter we review the literature on cultural integration in cross-border M&A and provide a framework designed to help manage the integration process throughout the M&A lifecycle. This framework presents culture assessment and integration as a crucial component to reducing poor culture-fit as a barrier to M&A success. Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) have become a central part of most corporate growth strategies, and an increasing portion of that M&A activity now spans national borders. Indeed, beyond a certain scale, one might say that all M&A is now cross-border M&A. For example, even a merger Advances in Global Leadership, Volume 6, 95–115 Copyright r 2011 by Emerald Group Publishing Limited All rights of reproduction in any form reserved ISSN: 1535-1203/doi:10.1108/S1535-1203(2011)0000006008 95 96 DANIEL R. DENISON ET AL. between two large...
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...MANAGING CULTURAL INTEGRATION IN CROSS-BORDER MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS Daniel R. Denison, Bryan Adkins and Ashley M. Guidroz ABSTRACT Cross-border M&A has become one of the leading approaches for firms to gain access to global markets. Yet there has been little progress in the research literature exploring the role that culture may play in the success of these ventures. Poor culture-fit has often been cited as one reason why M&A has not produced the outcomes organizations hoped for (Cartwright & Schoenberg, 2006). Cross-border M&A has the added challenges of having to deal with both national and organizational culture differences. In this chapter we review the literature on cultural integration in cross-border M&A and provide a framework designed to help manage the integration process throughout the M&A lifecycle. This framework presents culture assessment and integration as a crucial component to reducing poor culture-fit as a barrier to M&A success. Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) have become a central part of most corporate growth strategies, and an increasing portion of that M&A activity now spans national borders. Indeed, beyond a certain scale, one might say that all M&A is now cross-border M&A. For example, even a merger Advances in Global Leadership, Volume 6, 95–115 Copyright r 2011 by Emerald Group Publishing Limited All rights of reproduction in any form reserved ISSN: 1535-1203/doi:10.1108/S1535-1203(2011)0000006008 95 96 DANIEL R. DENISON ET AL. between...
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...Exercise 2 – Cross-Border Teamwork Alexander Braeunig Ramkhamhaeng University Course: BUS 7100 – Managing Human Capital Lecturer: Prof. Dr. Aysar Sussan Term: 01/2015 Submission date: 26th of July Abstract The word “cross border teamwork” becomes nowadays more popular in every multinational organization. Global business Management needs cross-border teamwork for effective communication and contribution. Big companies have subsidiaries in various countries which differ in culture, time zone and language and other important aspects. This makes effective cross-border teamwork sometimes very difficult however it helps companies to improve competitive advantages and achieve goals properly when doing right. This exercise consists of 3 parts and focuses and setting up and forming such a team. Furthermore issues coming along with running a team and resource sharing will be discussed as well. Question 1 – Forming a cross border Team The main function of Human Resource Management is selecting and recruiting members. Virtual Teams are somehow different than local teams. It needs special qualifications such as proficiency in using communication software such a skype etc. for conferences. Furthermore an ability to form team relationships quickly and effectively is important in order to have a good engagement within the team. Proper communication both written and spoken in a virtual environment across cultures is necessary. As a next step team members must be provided with...
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...Stanhope (1694–1773); English Secretary of State INTRODUCTION firms move out of their domestic market on to the Aswith differinglanguage, arenas.system, technologicalinternational stage, they aretofaced business The nations they expand to can vary with regard consumer behavior, legal infrastructure, business culture, educational system, labor relations, political ideology, distribution structures and fiscal regime, to name just a few. At face value, the plurality of the international context can seem daunting. Yet, the question is how important the international differences are for firms operating across borders. Do firms need to adapt to the international diversity encountered, or can they find ways of overcoming the constraints imposed by distinct national systems, structures and behaviors? This matter of understanding and dealing with international variety is one of the key topics for managers operating across borders. A second question with regard to the international context is that of international linkages – to what extent do events in one country have an impact on what happens in other countries? When a number of nations are tightly linked to one another in a particular area, this is referred to as a case of international integration. If, on the other hand, there are very weak links between developments in one country and developments elsewhere, this is referred to as a situation of international fragmentation. The question for managers is how tightly linked nations around...
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...What It Takes to Become a Border Patrol Agent Reflecting to the course of my existence, I have come to the realization that no one ever does something just to do it. Whether it’s jumping off a plane, going to college for 6 years, or simply eating, we all have our reasons that backup our actions or anything else for that matter. I truly believe that I was put on this earth to help others. I want to make a difference in the world by keeping my country safe using my kindness, intelligence, and rationale. I want to be successful and have that mature mindset to be the best that I can be. I would love to work in the criminal justice field and be a border patrol agent. They are tough, diligent, and are always on the move trying to catch bad guys. Description of a Border Patrol Agent...
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...been practiced for as long as mankind has existed. It is simply communicating across different tribes, different parts of the world, different language, and different ways of communication non-verbal – better defined – across different cultures. But when does one’s culture stop being an excuse for doing something that has always been done, and when does national culture matter? Culture: To be able to define the concept ’’culture’’ you have to be aware of the basic norms which you take for granted in your own behavior. You express culture in symbolic forms, whether you have a cross around your neck or a headscarf on your head. It is the result of a learning process through life, and it forms your values, behavior, ideas, ways of communicating (verbal and non-verbal) and simply the rules you are living by – all your do’s and don’ts . Take a look at the article ‘’given all we know of whales, why resume the slaughter?’’ from The Guardian Online, April 6, 2010 by Paola Calalieri, it suggests that ‘’we now live in globalized times’’ but even though we have made it more easy to communicate (Internet etc.) & to travel across borders, the borders are still there, meaning the culture is still different within each border. Many international organizations have tried, and some succeeded, to introduce international laws, like the WTO (World Trade Organization), NGO (Non-Governmental Organization) and the Human Right Organization; also there is an International Whaling Commission...
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...presents the case of giving the illegal alien a better opportunity then they have in their home country. Lastly, they argue that the benefits, such as taxes, outweigh the costs that an immigrant will incur. The idea is that an immigrant buys our products and lives in our country, which contributes to our G.D.P. On the other side of the argument, the con-immigration side argues that the immigrants steal jobs from the U.S. residents. Since immigrants can be paid cheaper wages, an employer would rather pay an immigrant than a resident. The next issue the con side has it that immigrants bring problems to America, such as cultural differences and language barriers. Not only do they bring problems, but according the con side, they cause problems as well. They argue that because there are more immigrants trying to get in the country than there are border patrol agents, they cannot protect the country like they are supposed to. Another issue the con side has is that the money the immigrants earn usually gets sent back to their families in their home countries. The final issue from the con side is that the cost of an illegal alien is more than the benefits that they bring to the U.S. The values on the pro side are culture, finances, life, and...
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...Chapter 1 Assignment 1. Describe the shifts in the world economy over the past 30 years. What are the implications of these shifts for international businesses based in Great Britain? North America? Hong Kong? Over the last 30 years, there has been a shift away from a world in which national economies were relatively self-contained entities, isolated by barriers to cross-border trade and investment, and by national differences in government regulation, culture, and business systems; and moving toward a world where barriers to cross-border trade and investment are declining, material cultures are becoming similar, and national economies are merging into an integrated, interdependent global economic system. As companies from Japan and emerging markets like China play a more vital role in the world economy, the dominance of companies from the United States and Western Europe has diminished. Significant implications for British firms involve looking beyond Europe and America for investment and opportunities. Consumer spending power is growing quickly in developing countries. For North American companies, the same holds true, although the importance of the growing prosperity in Latin America suggests a potentially huge market in “their backyard.” Hong Kong is perceived as the gateway to the immense market of mainland China. Since Hong Kong firms are now less taken for granted, access to China is improving along with the move towards a market economy within China. International...
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...backdrop to introduce a range of international strategy topics including: performance assessment, rationale for expansion, market selection, and choice of entry mode. Suggested Assignment Questions 1. Why did Grolsch globalize, and how well has it performed internationally? 2. What are the key elements and limitations of its emphasis on adaptation, in particular? 3. What lessons does Grolsch’s history afford about where to compete? What, specifically, do you think about the MABA process? 4. What lessons does Grolsch’s history suggest about how to compete in the markets targeted— particularly about modes of entry? 5. What other changes would you suggest to Grolsch's historical strategy? 6. Will the merger with SABMiller add value—or will it be a win-lose deal? Teaching Objectives This case is intended as an introductory lesson to illustrate how a company develops and executes its global strategy. It affords instructors the opportunity to raise the following questions and introduce students to relevant frameworks: 1. Why expand across borders? (ADDING Value scorecard) 2. Where should the company target its efforts? (CAGE Framework)...
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