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Doppler Effect

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Submitted By ngooizs
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KEY - Doppler Effect

1. You are driving down the highway in your car when a police car sounding its siren overtakes you and passes you. The frequency of the siren at rest is fo. a. Is the frequency you hear as the car is catching up to you higher or lower then fo? As it is approaching the frequency is HIGHER then Fo.

b. What about the frequency you hear after the car has passed you? After it has passed, the frequency is LOWER then fo.

2. An auto-focus camera sends out a pulse of sound and measures the time taken for the pulse to reach an object, reflect off it, and return to be detected. Can the temperature affect the camera’s focus? Why? YES, the temperature of the air affects the speed of the pulse. If it is a really hot day, then the pulse would travel faster then the camera expects making it think the object is a lot closer then it really is.

3. You are driving toward a cliff and you honk your horn. Is there a Doppler shift of the sound when you hear the echo? Is it like a moving source or moving observer? What if the reflection occurs not from a cliff, but from the forward edge of a huge alien spacecraft moving toward you as you drive? YES there is a Doppler shift in the echo. The cliff is now the “source” and the person in the car is the observer, so it is like a moving observer. However, if the sound came from a huge alien spacecraft, the spacecraft would be the moving source and the car would still be the moving observer.

4. As a truck traveling at 96 km/hr approaches and passes a person standing along the highway, the driver sounds the horn. If the horn has a frequency of 400 Hz, what are he frequencies of the sound waves heard by the person a. As the truck approaches? (434 Hz) [pic]

[pic]

b. After it has passes? (371 Hz)

[pic]

5. The siren of a police car at rest emits at a predominat frequency of 1600 Hz. What frequency will you hear if you are at rest and the police car moves at 25.0 m/s a. Toward you? (1726 Hz) [pic]

b. Away from you? (1491 Hz)

[pic]

6. A 5000 Hz sound wave is emitted by a stationary source. This sound wave reflects from an object moving 3.50 m/s toward the source. What is the frequency of the wave reflected by the moving object as detected by a detector at rest? (5103 Hz)

As the object moves toward the source: [pic]

As the object (which is now the source of the waves) moves toward the detector [pic]

7. Compare the shift in frequency if a 2000 Hz source is moving toward you at 15 m/s vs. you moving toward it at 15 m/s? (2091 Hz and 2087 Hz) a. Are the two frequencies exactly the same? Are they close?

[pic] [pic]

b. Repeat the calculation for 150 m/s. (3550 Hz & 2870 Hz)

[pic] [pic]

c. Repeat for 300 m/s. (16,000 Hz & 3750 Hz)

[pic] [pic]

8. A bat at rest sends out ultrasonic sound waves at 50.0 kHz and receives them returned from an object moving directly away from it at 25.0 m/s. What is the received sound frequency? (4.32x104 Hz)) As the sound from the bat hits the object: [pic] As the sound bounces from the object to the bat: [pic]

9. When something moves at Mach speeds, the object is moving at that many times the speed of sound. a. How fast is an object moving on land if its speed at 20oC is Mach 0.33? (110 m/s) [pic] [pic]

b. A high-flying jet cruising at 3,000 km/h displays a Mach number of 3.2 on a screen. What is the speed of sound at that altitude? (260 m/s) [pic] [pic]

10. You are driving east at 25.0 m/s as you notice an ambulance traveling west toward you at 35.0 m/s. The sound you detect from the sirens has a frequency of 300 Hz. a. Is the true frequency of the sirens (1) greater then 300 Hz, (2) less than 300 Hz, (3) exactly 300 Hz. (pick one) Why? (2) The true frequency is really less then 300 Hz because you are moving toward the source, encountering sound waves faster then you normally would if you were staying still.

b. Determine the true frequency of the sirens. Assume normal room temperature (vs = 343 m/s). (251 Hz) [pic]

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