...will discuss about the causes and effects resulted by the use of hallucinogens. I. Hallucinogens A. Description/Definition of Hallucinogens B. Examples of Hallucinogens II. Reasons For the Use of Hallucinogens A. For Medical Use B. For Other Use III. Effects of Use of Hallucinogens A. Beneficial Effects 1. Physical Effects 2. Mental Effects B. Harmful Effects 1. Physical Effects 2. Mental Effects IV. Laws and Sanctions in Prohibiting the Use of Hallucinogens A. Republic Act No. 7394 B. Republic Act No. 6425 C. Republic Act No. 9165. CONCLUSION Hallucinogens are not all bad. It has good effect to the body and it can be also used in human medication and veterinary setting but should be taken in enough amount/dosage. They usually are in form of crystalline powder in its pure state. INTRODUCTION Drug addiction is common problem to the different parts of the world. In Filipino community, news on the television and radio says about the PDEA (Philippine Drug) or other government agencies that concerns about drug and health executed a drug raid or clearing to a barangay, house or etc. Hallucinogens are used in medication and intoxication in some countries specifically in Asia long before. Yet many parts at the world would strongly consider hallucinogen as an illegal substance. The probable reason for the use of these substances is the pleasure sensation given by the drug to its user. Users would say that...
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...Perspective on Drugs and Drug Use Erich Goode, Professor of Sociology at SUNY Stony Brook From: Drugs in American Society, Chapter 1 ©1972 Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. ISBN 0-394-31323-2 SOCIAL CONTEXT AND HUMAN MEANING What can a sociologist tell us about drug use that we do not already know? If there is anything particularly distinctive about the sociologist's view, it is his emphasis on social context. It might appear that this concept seeped into the public consciousness long ago, that it is a banality. But if this were so, the stupendous blunders committed every day by drug researchers and commentators would not occur. If the concept were really understood, a large part of the drug problem would also be understood. The social context of drug use powerfully influences—indeed, it might almost be said determines—at least four central aspects of the drug reality, aspects that traditionally have been presumed to grow directly out of the chemical and pharmacological properties of drugs themselves, independent of human intervention. These four aspects are drug definitions, drug effects, drug-related behavior, and the drug experience. The sociological perspective stands in direct opposition to what might be called the chemicalistic fallacy—the view that drug A causes behavior X, that what we see as behavior and effects associated with a given drug are solely (or even mainly) a function of the biochemical properties of that drug, of the drug plus the human animal, or even of the drug plus...
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...people smoke or have smoked marijuana. The reasons may range from extracurricular drug use medicinal uses and anywhere in between. The positive effects medical research states marijuana can assist with cancer patients and terminally ill individuals, but only for pain reduction and appetite increases. In the case of glaucoma the pressure from the eyeballs are reduced by the blood flow changing with the effects of THC. While there may be some positive effects for use of marijuana, the negative effects outweigh positives effects. It is a known fact that marijuana has more tar in the leaf than tobacco accompanied with the mind altering affects of THC in the blood stream are enough to make anyone want to avoid the life altering risks. Marijuana is also know as a gateway drug. Legalizing marijuana would not be as beneficial as some may believe. For those individuals who may still be undecided on whether to support the legalization of marijuana or not, below are a few key points to aid in their decision making. While some suggest the benefits of marijuana outweigh the negative, not enough research has been conducted to determine this. The immediate and long term effect could be substantially dreadful. Some of the immediate effects of marijuana are hallucinations, paranoia, and psychotic episodes. Also, stimulant psychosis may also occur in some individuals. While stimulant psychosis mostly appears in drug users who take large doses, in rare cases, it may also appear in patients taking...
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... Teacher: Topic: Alcohol and Drug Abuse Drug Abuse. Physiological Effects * Physiological effects of drug abuse vary by the type of drug. Stimulants, such as amphetamines, can delay sleep and elevate a person's mood, but high amounts can cause nervousness and anxiety in the user. Depressants, by contrast, impair mental and physical functions, and slow neural activity in the brain. With some drugs, especially narcotics such as opium or heroin, the body can build a tolerance in which it adjusts to the drug's presence. Over time, the body requires higher doses to maintain the same effect. When an abuser stops taking the drug, the body experiences withdrawal symptoms, such as feeling weak or sick. Withdrawal symptoms are the body's reaction to the absence of the drug to which it had become adjusted. Social Effects * The social effects of drug abuse begin with abusers and their families. Substance abuse has been a factor in divorce, family violence and related problems. The social effects extend into the larger society, as well, such as through crimes committed by drug abusers to get money needed to feed drug habits. Further, the lucrative nature of drug trafficking fuels crime as rival drug gangs fight for control of the traffic. The U.S. government, for example, noted increased drug-related violence on the U.S.-Mexico border and cited drug gangs in these areas as the nation's leading organized crime threat Economic Effects * Reports by UNDCP have pointed...
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...take performance enhancing drugs despite the risks involved? Abstract Drugs in sport is an ongoing problem which I believe will never be completely abolished from the sporting world. We have definitely come a long way since the early days of drug use with the introduction of governing bodies such ad WADA to help control the testing of athletes and the detection of illegal substances, however I do not think we will be able to completely remove this ’drug culture’ from the sporting world. Therefore having experienced first-hand the drug testing practices involved in detection after competing in the world youth championships this year I was interested to look into the motivation behind athletes who choose to cheat and risk their future career both athletically and their career after retirement having been branded as a 'cheat’ within their sport. I will do this by looking into the history of drug use in sport and the enhancements the drugs provide to performance to try to understand why athletes risk their careers to simply win. Contents | | Abstract | 2 | Introduction | 2 | Drugs in sport; a modern problem? | 3 | Drugs in sport: what are they? * Amphetamines * Anabolic steroids * EPO * Diuretics * Caffeine | 3-6 | Drugs in sport: health risks | 6-7 | Drugs in sport: detection and punishment...
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...discovered new wonder drugs like morphine, heroin, and cocaine, our society has confronted the problem of drug abuse and addiction. The United States--grappling with its first drug epidemic in the early 20th century--gradually instituted effective restrictions: at home through domestic law enforcement and overseas by spearheading a world movement to limit opium and coca crops. By World War II, American drug use had become so rare, it was seen as a marginal social problem. The first epidemic was forgotten. During the 1960s, drugs like marijuana, amphetamines, and psychedelics came on the scene, and a new generation embraced drugs. Today with the drug culture exploding, our government has developed new laws and agencies to address the problem. Drug Abuse in America A major problem that exists within American society is the abuse of mind-altering substances. Such narcotics cause not only health problems, but also violent and potentially criminal acts. A mind-altering narcotic can be defined as both the legal and illegal type. The four main categories of drugs are: narcotics, CNS depressants, CNS stimulants, and hallucinogens. Most of these drugs are highly addictive and are usually obtained by prescription or are considered a banned substance and must be purchased illegally. Users of many of the "harder" drugs being abused today also face the possibility of an eventual overdose. An overdose is the ingestion of a lethal or mind-damaging amount of drugs. Once a full addiction...
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...to identify causing factors of Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) addictions. MDMA has a target population of young adults, more specifically college students. The drug has been used to distort perception and create a euphoric sensation among users. MDMA was not created for recreational usage, but to treat Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD). Through MDMA’s growing popularity referenced in social media as “Molly” the clinical intention has been depleted. Introduction Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has been highly influential on society throughout the course of time. The drug has served multiple purposes such as a psychotherapeutic treatment and recreational usage. MDMA provides a euphoric experience for participants, heightening their emotional status at the time of ingestion. MDMA has become extremely potent and easily accessible to youth and young adults. This once military based substance has become a mainstream party drug. Many refer to MDMA as “Molly” or “Ecstasy”. The drug appears as a powdered substance withheld in a capsule or tablet. Most individuals administer the drug orally. Due to popularity in social media, MDMA’s use among young adults has increased. History MDMA was first introduced and produced by Merck in 1912, a manufacturer and pharmaceutical corporation (Bouso, Doblin, Farré, Alcázar & Gómez-Jarabo, 2008).Merck distributed MDMA as a haemostatic drug, decreasing the amount of blood stream within blood vessels (Bouso et. al, 2008). MDMA...
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...Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs The use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs has been going on for many years legally and illegally. According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, about 66% of people from the age of 12 or older reported in 2014 that they drank alcohol in the past 12 months, with 6.4% meeting the criteria for an alcohol use disorder (NIDA). A major cause of death in today’s time is drunk driving, about 5 thousand people die under the age of 21(NIDA). Among that same population, approximately 25.2% were also users of tobacco of some sort (NIDA). The use of other drugs, prescription and illegal, is at 10.2% (NIDA). One of the major causes of death is a result of alcohol. Ethyl alcohol or ethanol, better known as alcohol, is produced by the fermentation yeast (NIDA). It is a nervous system depressant which can be found many different beverages such as wine, beer, and other hard liquors. Depending on the amount consumed, it will have different effects on the body also depending on the persons weight, metabolism, amount of food eaten beforehand or during, and how fast the alcohol is consumed. The consumption of alcohol while consuming illicit drugs is very dangerous. With alcohol being a depressant and the drug (if it is a depressant) will make the depressant effect more intense will lead to memory loss, coma, or even death. On the other hand, if the drug is a stimulant it can alter your judgment of how intoxicated you really are since they have...
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...Study drugs Study drugs are a phenomenon inside the lines of studying. It enhances your focus as well as your work ethic. As good as that all sounds, study drugs has received a lot of criticism. This is understandable since the term for this focus-enhancing pill is called a ‘drug’. This is probably why the name for the pills has been changed to “academic doping”. There has also been asked question the drugs on whether it is cheating to take these pills before studying or taking a test. Another question is whether it is dangerous for the students to take these drugs. Study drugs are drugs that have the purpose to improve one’s cognitive ability. These drugs pills such as Adderall and Ritalin. By improving one’s cognitive ability you will be able to concentrate more and thereby work more effectively. These drugs can be used for studying but it can also be used for a lot of other things that require a high amount of focus, activities such as work, games and sports. So basically study drugs are enhances your performance on other levels than studying. In the interview, “More Students Turning Illegally To 'Smart' Drugs” by Michelle Trudeau from February 5, 2009, the side effects of the drug Adderall are underlined. Michelle Trudeau talks to a boy who does not like to take the drugs because of the side effects, “He explains that he doesn't like taking his Adderall because of the side effects he experiences, such as insomnia and loss of appetite.” Wikipedia aid this statement and...
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...Anti-Depressant Drugs and FDA Approval Anti-Depressant Drugs and FDA Approval Procedure Ashley Jensen A01054823 Pima Community College Psych 101 Abstract Antidepressant drugs fall under three main categories; MOAI’s, Tricyclic Antidepressants, and SSRI’s. Like any drug, Antidepressant drugs must get FDA approval prior to putting in on the market for society, ensuring it has no harmful effects. The Food and Drug Association has a series of trials, tests, and procedures, to ensure these drugs are safe and effective for people with severe depression. Effects of each Type of Antidepressant Drugs Anti-Depression drugs target the amygdala by directly by increasing the activity in the prefrontal cortex, therefore decreasing the reactivity in the amygdala. The amygdala has cortical and subcortical projection to other regions of the brain, such as the hippocampus, which is where we create and maintain memories. With the cortical projections increasing the level of activity for the amygdala, there is a possibility your brain will adapt and sustain a repetitive negative associations when approached with an emotion. Anti-Depression medicines target the amygdala because the amygdala is the integrated center for emotions and an emotional behavior. (DeRubeis, R. J., Siegle, G. J., & Hollon, S. D. 2008). Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors MAOI’s were the first discovered anti-depressant medicine in the 1950’s, and they were originally used to treat symptoms of tuberculosis. Monoamine...
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...Literature Review Paper Mitchell Adair Advanced General Psychology PSY492 A01 Argosy University 1 Each class of drugs has a property that is very distinguishing, and drugs that are within each class more than often produces effects that are similar. However, all substances that are controlled, despite of their class, share quite a few number of features that are common. This introduction will familiarize you with these features that are shared as well as define them in terms that are associated frequently with these drugs. All substances that are controlled have abuse that is potential or are precursors that are immediate when it comes to abuse that is potential. With the exception of anabolic steroids, substances that are controlled are abused when it comes to mood altering, feeling, and thought through their actions on the CNS or central nervous system, which is the brain and spinal cord. Some of these drugs are relievers of pain, depression as well as anxiety. Some are energizers and some are inducers of sleep. Even though some substances that are controlled are useful therapeutically, the effects that considered to be “feel good” of these drugs will more than likely prove to be primary contributors when it comes to their abuse. The extent to which ...
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...and Effects of Doping in Sport Hou Juin Yew, Calvin B1201067 HELP University Outline I. Introduction A. Opener : The history of doping in sports B. Thesis statement: There are few causes that is undergone family problems, huge amount of debts, cope with a live of stress and face a lot of pain during training and few effects that lead in to problems in body function and mental effects. II. The causes of why athletes dope in sports. A. Family problems B. Huge amount of debts C. Live of stress D. A lot of pain in training III. The effect in the body function of a person when a person dope in sport. A. The uses of steroid in sports 1. The diseases when dope in sports 2. The body function of a person B. The uses of stimulants in sports 1. The type of drugs and the problems C. The uses of peptide hormones 1. Type of peptide hormone and the effects of the substances IV. The effect in the mental problems A. The type of disease that effect the mental problems V. Conclusions The Causes and Effects of Doping in Sport Doping in sport is means the use of drug to increase the performance of an athletic above average in an athletic competition. It has been...
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...Analytical essay Drug- Ice Ice is amongst one of the most deadliest of drugs, people who do ice can suffer from serious damage that can lead to death or mental illness. This is why you should not use the drug ice, it will drive you insane. In proving this, this essay is clearly letting you know of what ice does to affect your body and some of the changes and impact it has on you. Drugs are killers which affect you in several ways which will be outlined and discussed and warned of. Anyone who does ice can get really sick and should not be used by anyone. Ice is a street name for crystal methamphetamine hydrochloride. Ice is “sheet-like” crystals, which can also be different colours, often they come in pink, blue or green. The other street names for ice are crystal meth, shabu, Tina, d-meth and glass. So beware of the ice it is a killer. The effects ice or any other drug depends on the person; it will depend on the size of the person the weight and health. The effect can also depend on the environment where you use drugs, such as the weather or if the person is all alone; can be with others or a party. It also can effect people differently, if u have taken the drug or not, because some people can be use to it. When people take the drug ice it can give them an experience of a physiological and even physical effect like, nervousness, panic attacks, anxiety and paranoia and more. This is why you should beware of ice, it is a killer. The long term effects of ice can bring a...
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...Drug use in today’s world is exposed all around us. It is shown on TV, in newspapers and all over social media. Drug use has become a trend that to most people is seen as ‘cool’ whilst many drug users are unaware of the detrimental and irreversible effects that drugs can have on ones health. Young people are increasingly taking drugs in socials settings in an attempt to enjoy the party more and ignoring the possible risks involved. A drug is a chemical substance that has known biological effects on humans. Recreational drug use has always been a dilemma facing our society. Recreational drug use is the use of psychoactive substances to have fun, for the experience. Recreational drugs affect the central nervous system, such as depressants, stimulants and hallucinogens. Irresponsible and illegal use of drugs can result in physical and mental addictions causing long term damage to ones bodily function and health for example, drug use interferes with the functioning of ones brain function as well as disrupt the natural functioning cycles of all vital organs in ones body. Depressants are drugs that slow down the functions of the central nervous system. It cause the user to feel more relaxed when it is used in small quantities, although when used in larger quantities...
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...Antipsychotic medications; which is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity among metal health consumers. Approach: Selective Article Reviews are being used. Findings and Implications: Metabolic and cardiovascular side effects such as weight gain, diabetes and hypertension are some of the risks of Antipsychotic drugs; however, there are other underlying factors that cause this such abnormalities such as genetic factors, lifestyle, and other medications. Hence, education, early monitoring and lifestyle modification is highly recommended. Conclusion: Atypical drugs are the frequently used treatment for mental disorders, particularly schizophrenia; but despite of its metabolic and cardiovascular side effects still it’s used is increasing. Therefore, early intervention and monitoring must be implemented, with the promotions of education, lifestyle and diet management. Introduction It is well known that psychotropic drugs, in general and antipsychotic drugs, in particular have as one of their side effect liabilities and potential to cause weight gain and disturbances in metabolic parameters; and the prevalence of these risk is high among patients taking these drugs. At this point, it is still unclear why these drugs caused this such abnormalities and we don't know the way in which the potential to cause weight gain,...
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