...Sociological Research, vol. 50, no. 6, November–December 2011, pp. 17–31. © 2011 M.E. Sharpe, Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN 1061–0154/2011 $9.50 + 0.00. DOI 10.2753/SOR1061-0154500602 G.P. Bessokirnaia The Dynamics of Workers’ Values and Labor Motives (2003–2007) Research on workers in Russia shows that attitudes toward work are strongly influenced by conditions in the workplace, and that this is the case for both males and females. The dynamics of the core values of everyday activities and labor motives of Moscow workers in the 1990s [1], and changes in the basic life values and motives of workers in the period 1990–2003 [2], were the subject of studies the author conducted in collaboration with V.D. Patrushev [3, pp. 77–99], to whose memory I dedicate this article. The present author carried out a comparative analysis of the basic life values and labor motives of workers in Pskov in 1995–2007 [4]. This article presents the results of the analysis of the dynamics of the values and labor motives of workers during a relatively stable period of the development of Russian society, during a period of economic growth. The surveys of workers were carried out in the same machine-building plants in Briansk, Pskov, and Kirov in 2003 and 2007.1 All three cities are oblast centers of regions that, according to the classification devised English translation © 2011 M.E. Sharpe, Inc., from the Russian text © 2010 the author. “Dinamika tsennosti i motivov truda rabochikh (2003–7...
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...in the labor relations process since their actions are controlled by union leaders and/or management officials. 1. Arbitrators, unlike mediators do not have authority to make final and binding decision concerning labor disputes. 1. One general category of work rules pertains to employees’ and employers’ job rights. 1. Mediators have binding legal authority to require the parties to settle an interest dispute, but they often first restrict themselves to offering advice to help each party to clarify their own priorities and assessment of costs or risks associated with failing to reach a voluntary agreement. 1. Arbitrators differ from mediators because arbitrators are almost always appointed by the government to resolve strikes in the private sector. 1. Public opinion reflects influential individuals and/or organizations as well as cultural values and traditions. 1. Work rules, while complex in nature, have a common dimension since the all pertain to compensation for work performed. 1. Public opinion of institutions in general is low in the United States. 1. Although union leaders are usually elected by the members, members and leaders do not completely agree on bargaining priorities. 1. Public opinion, while a potentially powerful influence, pertains only to the first phase of the labor relations process, particularly union organizing drives. 1. Negotiation of the labor agreement occurs during the third phase of the labor relations process...
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...in the labor relations process since their actions are controlled by union leaders and/or management officials. 1. Arbitrators, unlike mediators do not have authority to make final and binding decision concerning labor disputes. 1. One general category of work rules pertains to employees’ and employers’ job rights. 1. Mediators have binding legal authority to require the parties to settle an interest dispute, but they often first restrict themselves to offering advice to help each party to clarify their own priorities and assessment of costs or risks associated with failing to reach a voluntary agreement. 1. Arbitrators differ from mediators because arbitrators are almost always appointed by the government to resolve strikes in the private sector. 1. Public opinion reflects influential individuals and/or organizations as well as cultural values and traditions. 1. Work rules, while complex in nature, have a common dimension since the all pertain to compensation for work performed. 1. Public opinion of institutions in general is low in the United States. 1. Although union leaders are usually elected by the members, members and leaders do not completely agree on bargaining priorities. 1. Public opinion, while a potentially powerful influence, pertains only to the first phase of the labor relations process, particularly union organizing drives. 1. Negotiation of the labor agreement occurs during the third phase of the labor relations process...
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...research. Methods of approaching unexpected events also encourage managers to consider organizational behavior in the current context. In these approaches, the context is changing rather than rigid rules, thus the application of different management techniques is appropriate. Moreover, these approaches to unexpected events also send managers a clear message: Carefully consider the situation and flexibly adapt to it. In the trend of international economic integration, the operation of enterprises is not just confined within a region, a country, a territory. Businesses have greater opportunities to penetrate and exploit many big markets in the world, but they also have to face with challenges of global competition and are subject to the global labor division, especially the diversity in the workfoce. All these things require business managers to work out an effective method of management, creating the harmony between various individuals while promoting their ability to make maximum contribution to the development of their companies. In this essay, we will consider the diversity of the workforce in businesses and suggest the ways for entrepreneurs to apply their knowledge of organizational behavior management into their management and administration to turn the diversity into the competitive advantage of businesses. Table of content Chapter I. Diversity management Chapter...
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...1. I once read that the “concept of human rights has not been an important influence in the making of United States labor policy. In this country, workers are considered to have only those rights set forth in specific statutes or collective bargaining contracts and those statutes and contracts are subject to shifting political and bargaining power.” Discuss the validity of these statements by using each of the four schools of thought about employment relationship discussed in chapter 2 as your basis. A typical worker may experience just this; discrepancies and complications. “Understanding and appreciating the basic assumptions of these four schools are essential for understanding not only labor relations, but also the entire field of human resources and industrial relations.” (Budd, 2013) The deliberations of labors and the human rights associated have varied insights and interpretations based on the four school of thoughts. These are as such: The first school is the Mainstream Economics School. This school “focuses on the economic activity of self-interested agents, such as firms and workers, who interact in competitive markets.” (Budd, 2013) Various activities of Union groups such as strikes are considered as roadblock as per this school of thought. Therefore, the bargained contracts that the Union group gets are justified by the balancing dynamics of this school of thought. The thought is that no one can be better off without making the other worse. The second school...
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...Econ 100B – Intermediate Macroeconomics Professor Thomas Wu Spring 2011 Midterm 2 Review Chapter 7 * Dynamic effects on Monetary Policy (and Neutrality of Money) * An expansionary monetary policy leads in the short run to an increase in the real money stock, a decrease in the interest rate, and an increase in output. Over time, the price level increases and the real money stock decreases until output has returned to its natural level. * In the medium run, money does not affect output, and changes in money are reflected in proportional increases in the price level. (money is neutral) * Dynamic effects on Fiscal Policy (the composition of outputs is different than it was before) * A reduction in the budget deficit leads in the short run to a decrease in the demand for goods and therefore to a decrease in output. Overtime, the price level decreases, leading to an increase in the real money stock and a decrease in the interest rate. * In the medium run, output increases back to the natural level of output, but the interest rate is lower, and investment is higher. * Dynamic effects on increase in price of oil (affects natural unemployment rate first) * An increase in the price of oil leads, in both the short run and the medium run, to a decrease in output. In the short run, it leads to an increase in the price level, which decreases the real money stock and leads to a contraction of demand an output. * In the medium run...
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...Pros & Cons of Union Representation from Individual, Organizational and Society Perspective The rise of unions from the 1930s through the early 1950s was due to the convergence of a number of events, an economic policy that attempted to restrict competition beginning in the 1930s, the belief that labor markets were noncompetitive and that individual workplaces were unfair and union premiums were low. The passage of favorable legislation, in the form of the Wagner Act, was a reflection of the idea that unions could actually improve the functioning of labor markets and serve as a countervailing power to big business. Over the past several decades, union membership has declined because government policy became pro-competitive, it became clearer that labor markets were relatively competitive, HR practices developed that reduced the amount of opportunistic behavior of employers, and unions increased the percentage premium they enjoyed in industries where rents were available. In this environment, the public-good aspect of labor unions and their ability to improve the functioning of labor markets was being questioned. The passage of amendments to the NLRA that were unfavorable to unions was a reflection of this changed sentiment as to the public good aspect of unions as well as to the adoption of pro-competitive market policies in general. Consequently the future trend in union mass will depend on the competitiveness of the economy and on the related question of the number of...
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...Labor Relations Makeba Hester Professor Anthony Jacobs Bus405: Labor and Relations December 16, 2013 Abstract This paper will focus on the labor relations aspect of Super Retailer Walmart. Their employees have renounced Walmart and the unfair labor relations. Walmart practices and approach to insurance, wage and shift hours have all ways haunted the retail giant. Many companies condemned Walmart for being too large and not focusing on the employees but their primary goal is just to capitalize on the blood sweat and tears of their employees. I will formulate a comprehensive strategy to Walmart that can help at least one imperative area that troubles the super retailer which is health care. 1. Discuss the company’s stance toward labor and any specific labor-related issues it may be experiencing. (Ungar, 2012)After making a big deal of publicly supporting the Affordable Care Act, Walmart—the nation’s largest private sector employer—is joining the ranks of companies seeking to avoid their obligation to provide employees with health insurance as required by Obama care. Walmart been criticized for their horrible wages to the health coverage of their employees. The announcement was long overdue and the time for change is now. As Walmart, dominate the retail industry by offering a vast selection of products to consumers from shampoo, to prescriptions, a routine visit to the optometrist, eating at McDonalds to selecting office furniture. Walmart have mastered a...
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...Adam Smith, 1776 E) "Of the Balance of Trade," David Hume, 1758 Answer: E Page Ref: 1 Difficulty: Easy Question Status: New 2) From 1960 to 2009, A) the U.S. economy roughly tripled in size. B) U.S. imports roughly tripled in size. C) the share of US Trade in the economy roughly tripled in size. D) U.S. Imports roughly tripled as compared to U.S. exports. E) U.S. exports roughly tripled in size. Answer: C Page Ref: 1 Difficulty: Easy Question Status: New AACSB Codes: Dynamics of the Global Economy 3) The United States is less dependent on trade than most other countries because A) the United States is a relatively large country with diverse resources. B) the United States is a "Superpower." C) the military power of the United States makes it less dependent on anything. D) the United States invests in many other countries. E) many countries invest in the United States. Answer: A Page Ref: 2 Difficulty: Easy Question Status: New AACSB Codes: Dynamics of the Global Economy 4) Ancient theories of international economics from the 18th and 19th Centuries are A) not relevant to current policy analysis. B) are only of moderate relevance in today's modern international economy. C) are highly relevant in today's modern international economy. D) are the only theories that actually relevant to modern international economy. E) are not well understood by modern mathematically oriented theorists. Answer:...
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...RUNNING HEAD: LABOR RELATIONS COURSE PROJECT PAPER Sudie Foday HRM 330 Labor Relations Devry University Professor Ellison Abstract This paper addresses the following labor union issues, as it relates to both the United States and its Global counterparts: The changes that are needed for unions to maintain support from their membership, the community, and the employers within organizations. The Decline in labor union membership and political influence and the influence of politics in membership decline. The continued influence of generational aspects on the labor unions by Baby Boomers, as well as Generation X, and Generation Y. Also some other external dynamics that are affecting labor unions such as the impact on union strategies by the global workforce, the past, present evolution of the unions. And will conclude with considerations for the labor unions to remain active and viable organizations in the 21st century. Labor Relations Course Project Paper There are changes are needed for unions to maintain support from their membership, the community, and the employers. The recommendations I would make to union and management leadership in order to meet the demands of a constantly changing workplace, would be that in order to reach the more professional labor market, unions must remove the blue-collar mentality and appeal to more contemporary workers. Unions must determine how to organize 21st-century industries. In the market...
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...that shows the creation of health and disease in a political, social, and cultural environment. In describing various social phenomena, sociologists examine how social life impacts morbidity and mortality rates and how it alternatively influences the society. Medical sociology uses sociological theory to explain the relationship between social factors and health to define this issue and its systems (Amzat & Razum, 2014). Amzat and Razum (2014) demonstrate that it tends to separate nature from the community. It means that it illustrates how scientific knowledge mediates social relations. Moreover, medical sociology shows how the technical realm of medical practice is inconsistent with social processes in nature. It is a claim of understanding constructivism through an objective in natural science. Various studies identify the inconsistencies between current medical practice and social relations. Therefore, this paper will answer the questions in addressing some aspects of health and illness using the theories governing sociology According to Kramer, Khan, and Kraas (2011), the World Health Organization defines health as an everyday life resource for survival. This concept emphasizes social and personal aspects of individuals in realizing ambitions and...
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...Complexity Analysis Introduction This integrated essay focuses on explaining and discussing how small changes in a given system can result to large and radical transformational changes in an organization within the framework of complexity theory. The paper offers a description of the complexity theory, an analysis, explanation and discussion, the conclusions, extending the discussion, and the references. Description of Theories/ Core Concepts The complexity theory is a framework that focuses on analyzing the nonlinear dynamics of systems. It is a loose assortment of concepts and analytic tools that seek to analyze complex and dynamic systems (Litaker, Tomolo, Libaratore, Stange & Aron, 2006). The complexity theory suggests that simple deterministic actions can cause highly complex and unpredictable behaviors, as well as, exhibit order and patterns. The theory seeks to explain how systems learn and spontaneously organize themselves into structured and sophisticated forms that respond better to their environments. Although the complexity theory was created in the biological and physical sciences, numerous scholars have noted that economic and social systems also exhibit nonlinear relationships and complex interactions. Economists and social scientists have noted the significance of complexity theory by observing the level of interrelationships among components of the social system (Koen, 2005). For instance, in the business setting, economists have noted that business success...
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...theories is one of those thinkers. In this paper, I’ll analyze Marx’s social theory, relations of production, social classes and the structures of capitalist society. Hegelian dialectic approach was the key figure for Marx while he was building the social theory....
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...Student Full Name : Fikreselassie Betelie Geressu Student Number : R1405D135465 Course Code : MBA-608 Course Name : Business Economics Assignment : Assignment I Submission Date : 01-November-2014 Question 1: Since the recent Great Recession of 2007-2009, there has been increasing disillusionment with the free market system. Critically analyze the view that the free market system is the best and only realistic alternative for determining the allocation of resources in an economy. Solution 1: A general slowdown in economic activity, a downturn in the business cycle, a reduction in the amount of goods and services produced and sold—these are all characteristics of a recession. The recent Great Recession which officially lasted from December 2007 to June 2009 has many factors of which the main root problem is the bursting of a huge trillion dollars housing bubbles and loss of confidence by investors and the public in the strength of key financial institutions and markets. One example of this is the housing crisis morphed into a financial crisis since banks held mortgage backed securities and other assets. Irrespective of such seasonal situations, the market should be free for competition and regulate itself only based on the fair and free competition, which sets the best price for the goods and services a buyer pays for depending only on the market supply and demand. Free market system is the best and realistic, which can give the efficient and optimal resource...
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...Marcuse’s performance principle clearly defines the relations of domination and the process of which it is internalized. Following the Freudian concepts of the reality principle and basic repression, people delay their gratification in order to survive and that their labor is necessary to secure the things needed to live. The performance principle comes into fruition through a societal system that is explained in Marx’s philosophical anthropology, which Marcuse adopts and modifies. The idea is that when people organize collectively, they build an economy that initially is meant to meet everyone’s survival needs and then later becomes a system of profit through technological advancements. Technology increases efficiency, thus allowing for production...
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