...Value congruence in organizations: Literature review, theoretical perspectives, and future directions Yuanjie Bao Simon Dolan Shay S. Tzafrir ESADE Working Papers Series Available from ESADE Knowledge Web: www.esadeknowledge.com © ESADE Avda. Pedralbes, 60-62 E-08034 Barcelona Tel.: +34 93 280 61 62 ISSN 2014-8135 Depósito Legal: B-3449-2012 Value congruence in organizations: Literature review, theoretical perspectives, and future directions Yuanjie Bao* ESADE Business School, Future of Work Chair, Ramon Llull University Av. Torreblanca 59, 08172, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain yuanjie.bao@esade.edu Simon L. Dolan ESADE Business School, Future of Work Chair, Ramon Llull University Av. Torreblanca 59, 08172, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain simon.dolan@esade.edu Shay S. Tzafrir Department of Human Services, University of Haifa Mount Carmel, Haifa, 31905, Israel stzafrir@research.haifa.ac.il September 2012 Abstract Extant literature on value congruence is fragmented due to different methodological treatments and theoretical perspectives. Proposing a typology of the value congruence concept, this paper reviews several key themes in value congruence research including staffing, socialization, leadership, job attitudes, performance, among others. By reviewing related antecedents and outcomes, discussing underlying theoretical perspectives, and highlighting future directions, this paper integrates value congruence research into a comprehensive framework...
Words: 12319 - Pages: 50
...Priyanka Singh FP Tech-II Proposal: The proposal is to study the concept of Virtual Fitting Rooms and understand the technologies involved in this concept. Introduction: Shopping for clothes online is an exercise in guesswork. Those jeans may seem perfect, but often as not, when they arrive, you try them on and they look terrible. It’s enough to keep a potential e-shopper from buying. E-fitting means "testing fit on the computer." Just as you have a fit session for a garment in real life, with a fit model and a design team, e-fit Simulator takes digital patterns and turns the pattern pieces into "virtual cloth" that can be sewn in the computer and tested on a 3D fit model, right in the software, showing you exactly how the garment is going to look before you sew a single real sample. Virtual dressing room is a relatively new concept which is slowly becoming more available on various fashion websites. Taking form in different ways, the virtual dressing room allows the at home shopper to virtually try on dresses and other fashions online. This allows the consumer to gauge if the style and the fit are an appropriate match before adding it to the virtual shopping cart of a web store. There are currently several different online virtual dressing rooms, but brick and mortar stores are also starting to use virtual technology in the physical dressing room. Technology Involved: The two programs, Fits.me and Styku.com are likely to revolutionize online clothes shopping...
Words: 2690 - Pages: 11
...Olivetti, Syntex, Daewoo Motors and Coors Brewing C om pany all have in com mon? T h e y have all participated in international strategic alliances w h i c h e n d e d in divorce. 1 Such divorces are not u n c o m m o n 2 but they have failed to d a m p e n the enthusiasm of corporations for alliances as a m o de of doing business. Between 1988 and 1992 over 20 000 business alliances were formed in the USA alone, contributing to the 25% annual rate of increase in alliances since 1985. 3 In surveys of its members over the last few years the Industrial Research Institute has f o u n d that, in each year surveyed, b e t w e e n 45% and 49% of r e s p o n d e n t s have projected increasing their alliance participation. 4 The enthusiasm for alliances is partly driven by numbers w h i c h show, for instance, that alliances o u tp e r f or m more traditional forms of business activity by over 50%. 5 Despite the enthusiasm and despite the favourable numbers, though, the i n c i d e n c e of expensive and messy alliance failures is surprisingly high, and a reality that alliance 'players' must consider seriously. Although there are m any reasons for alliance failures, m a n y writers agree that poor selection of alliance partners is among the most i m p o r t a n t ) A poorly chosen partner can make co-operation very difficult and, in the worst case, doom an alliance from its inception, eating up i m m ens e resources in salvage activities before finally bringing it down. In contrast, a well-chosen...
Words: 9982 - Pages: 40
...Contemporary Issues In Education Research – Fourth Quarter 2013 Volume 6, Number 4 Student Perceptions Of Peer Credibility Based On Email Addresses Jeffrey A. Livermore, Henry Ford Community College, USA Marla G. Scafe, Walsh College, USA Linda S. Wiechowski, Walsh College, USA David J. Maier, Henry Ford Community College, USA ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to evaluate students’ perceptions of their peer’s credibility based on email addresses. The survey was conducted at a community college in Michigan where all students were registered and actively taking at least one course. The survey results show that a student’s selection of an email address does influence other students’ perception of their credibility. An email address that consists of a nickname reduces the student’s perception of peer credibility. Keywords: Student Credibility; Email Address; Peer Credibility; Online Education INTRODUCTION T here is a growing trend toward online education. Schools find that there is a financial incentive and students appreciate the convenience and freedom of not being tied to set class times and locations. One of the challenges of online education is that students may never meet their peers and only have contact with them through an electronic learning management system. Online students complete group assignments and may even be asked to assess the course work of their peers. Some students question the credibility of their peers’ ability to perform in these roles (Kaufman...
Words: 3823 - Pages: 16
...technology (IT), performance measurement and business process management topics and then screening the list to have a focus on supply chain performance measurement. Findings reveal that performance measurement in the new supply era is still an open area of research. Further need of research is identified regarding framework development, empirical cross-industry research and adoption of performance measurement systems for the requirements of the new era, to include the development of partnership, collaboration, agility, flexibility, information productivity and business excellence metrics. The contribution of this study lies in the taxonomy study, detailed description and treatment of methodologies followed and in shedding light on future research. Keywords: supply chain; performance measurement; metrics; maturity 1. Introduction Coordination...
Words: 7390 - Pages: 30
...Geneva, Section HEC, 40, boulevard du Pont-d’Arve, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. 00 41 22 705 8114 (tel), 00 41 22 705 8104 (fax), czellars@hec.fr (email). 1 Consumer Attitude Towards Brand Extensions: An Integrative Model and Research Propositions The paper proposes an integrative model of the antecedents and consequences of brand extension attitude based on the dominant cognitive paradigm. The four key processes of the model are: (1) the perception of fit, (2) the formation of primary attitudes towards the extension, (3) the link between extension attitude and marketplace behaviour and (4) the reciprocal effect of brand extension attitude on parent brand/extension category attitude. Moderator and control variables of these processes are identified and classified into three groups: (1) consumer characteristics, (2) marketer-controlled factors and (3) external factors. This integrative model leads to the identification of missing links and variables in past research, resulting in a propositional inventory for future studies. The paper ends with a reflection on the long-term perspectives of scientific inquiry on brand extensions. Keywords: Brand extensions, Consumer Attitudes, Brand Associations, Brand Affect, Cognitive Psychology 2 Introduction Brand extension is the "use of established brand names to enter new product categories or classes" (Keller & Aaker, 1992, p. 35). The past fifteen years have witnessed the development of an important body of empirical...
Words: 11112 - Pages: 45
...Leadership perspective 10 3. Integrated perspective and portfolio perspective 11 3.1 Synergy over responsiveness 11 3.2 Tightly related composition 11 3.3 Joint strategy development 12 3.4 Multi-business synergy & integrating resources, activities and positions 12 3.5 Acquisitions are difficult to integrate 12 3.6 Portfolio perspective 13 4. Conclusion 14 4.1 What strategic perspective does FedEx fit in? 14 4.2 Did it lead them to having a sustainable competitive advantage? 14 Introduction FedEx started out in its early years as a true pioneer. Originally an express delivery company, it transformed itself to a global logistics and supply chain management company. The CEO of FedEx saw enormous potential in connecting their business with IT. For instance, in the 80’s, FedEx gave away more than 100.000 PC’s with proprietary FedEx software, linking customers with FedEx’s ordering and tracking systems. Fred Smith, the CEO of FedEx at the time had the right idea and vision. He rightly foresaw that IT and the internet would play a big role in the future. For this reason, FedEx invested a lot of resources into developing IT systems to support their logistics and supply chain management. A good...
Words: 3613 - Pages: 15
...Marketing 2012/2013 Fashion Technology Contents 1. Introduction ...........................................................................................................2 2. Sizing and Fit ........................................................................................................3 2.1. Background ........................................................................................................3 2.2. Sizing System Analysis ......................................................................................4 3. 3D Scanning System ............................................................................................6 3.1. Shadow Scanning Systems ...............................................................................6 3.2. White Light Scanning Systems ..........................................................................7 3.3. Laser Scanning Systems ...................................................................................8 3.4. Past and New Systems ......................................................................................9 3.5. Selection and Application .................................................................................10 4. Future Development ...........................................................................................11 5. Conclusions & Recommendations ....................................................
Words: 2493 - Pages: 10
...Comp3710 / Comp7580 E-Transformation in Business Dr. Alfredo Milani Reference: Dave Chaffey. E-Business and E-Commerce Management. 2nd Edition. Prentice Hall, 2004, Chapter 4, 5. K.C. Laudon, and J.P. Laudon. Management Information Systems: Management the Digital Firm. 8th Edition. Prentice Hall, 2004, Chapter 3. Lecture 3 E-business Strategy Learning objectives Follow an appropriate strategy process model for e-business; Apply tools to generate and select e-business strategies Comp3710/Comp7580 3 Michael Porter on the Internet ‘The key question is not whether to deploy Internet technology – companies have no choice if they want to stay competitive – but how to deploy it.’ Porter, M. (2001) Strategy and the Internet, Harvard Business Review, March 2001, 62–78. Comp3710/Comp7580 4 Strategy What is a strategy? • • • • ‘Defines how we will meet our objectives’ ‘Sets allocation of resources to meet goals’ ‘Selects preferred strategic option to compete within a market’ ‘Provides a long-term plan for the development of the organization’ Strategy: A broad-based formula for how a business is going to compete, what its goals should be, and what plans and policies will be needed to carry out those goals Comp3710/Comp7580 5 E-commerce strategy (e-strategy) The formulation and execution of a vision of how a new or existing company intends to do business electronically Comp3710/Comp7580 6 Different forms of organizational strategy ...
Words: 2607 - Pages: 11
...Strategy & International Business Introduction There has been a rapid modification in the business environment in the past decade as a result of privatization and globalization leading to difference in company’s strategies. A strategy can be defined in many ways and has many different viewpoints. This article aims to explain and critically evaluate the approaches of Jay Barney and Michael E. Porter, two leading strategy theorists, in-turn explaining the basis leading to the difference. What is Strategy & Competitive Advantage? Strategy is the creation of unique and valuable position involving a different set of activities.1 A firm is said to have competitive advantage when it is implementing a strategy which is not is being implemented by it’s current or potential competitors and also sustains profits that exceed the average for it’s industry. " Is Competitive Advantage enough? The goal of much of business strategy is to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage which is the same as competitive advantage but the advantages of the strategy cannot be duplicated by the competitors. (Barney, 1989). Different authors have different viewpoint in regard to sustainable competitive advantage. A sustained competitive advantage is simply a competitive advantage that lasts for a longer period of calendar time (Porter, 1985). A competitive advantage is sustained only after the efforts to duplicate the advantages of the strategy have been ceased (Lippman and Rumelt,1982). ...
Words: 1714 - Pages: 7
...gain the leading market share, primarily on the strength of their corporate culture which lead to their aggressive marketing and sales team. However, an emerging trend in technology suggests that cloud computing may eclipse SaaS in the future. Economic downturn also threatens Zuora, as their funds are limited and the economy has caused valuations of companies to drop across the board. In order to suitably adapt to the changing marketplace, Zuora needs to make choices on how to grow and what areas to focus on, balancing the tradeoff given their limited resources. Zuora has three options available, choosing either to focus on just growing the SaaS slowly, expanding to the cloud computing market, or growing big to capture all subscription based businesses. Giving consideration the risk, cost, and strategic fit of these three options, the second one is the best choice for Zuora at this point in time. Zuora should expand into the cloud computing market while not neglecting the SaaS market. Current Situation Founded in December 2007, Zuora Inc was created to provide state of the art, low-cost billing systems for Software-as-a-Service. Zuora’s founding principle is that the world is moving from a manufacturing economy to a service economy. An e-commerce platform is needed to power this new services economy, and Zuora provides that platform. Zuora’s current product offerings are: Z-Billing – Zuora’s key product, a billing module designed for companies that operate SaaS or subscription...
Words: 2270 - Pages: 10
...Instructor: Project of BUSINESS, POLICY & STRATEGY 2012 Selected organization Daewoo Express 5/28/2012 ABSTRACT Daewoo has solid foundation in Pakistan of over many years, with a network of over 274 express buses running all over Pakistan. In this project we have conducted Porter’s Value chain model and Porter’s five forces model framework (Daewoo’s competitive analysis), then EFE and IFE matrix are developed to know about the Daewoo’s response toward its external and internal factors, which are identified during SWOT analysis. Then in strategy formulation stage we have conducted strategic diamond and BCG matrix to develop the strategies for Daewoo. We have finally concluded that Daewoo should start online ticketing, and should provide incentives to lower level employees in order to minimize turnover rate. Introduction Immediately after launching of Lahore – Islamabad Motorway (M-2) in November 1997, Daewoo Pakistan Express Bus Service (DPEBSL) was incorporated which launched its express bus service between Lahore – Rawalpindi / Islamabad in April 1998. This service, owing to its peculiar quality features setting new standards of safety, security, reliability, luxury, comforts and regularity, soon became popular and first choice of the traveling public. Sammi Corporation, Seoul, Korea took over DPEBSL in 2004 which led to accelerated growth and expansion of Sammi-Daewoo Express Bus Service in Pakistan. Sammi-Daewoo Pakistan Express Bus Service Ltd with its Headquarters...
Words: 1387 - Pages: 6
...Masarykova univerzita Ekonomicko-správní fakulta Studijní obor: Podnikové hospodářství MARKETING RESEARCH Diplomová práca Vedoucí diplomové práce: Ing. Klára KAŠPAROVÁ Autor: Eva PEŠLOVÁ Brno, duben 2007 Masarykova univerzita Ekonomicko-správní fakulta Katedra podnikového hospodářství Akademický rok 2006/2007 ZADÁNÍ DIPLOMOVÉ PRÁCE Pro: Obor: P E Š L O V Á Eva Podnikové hospodářství Název tématu: Marketingový výzkum Marketing research Zásady pro vypracování Problémová oblast: Marketingový výzkum. Cíl práce: Analýza trhu, popř. trhů pro uvedení produktu na trh. Postup práce: V teoretické části se bude autorka věnovat problematice výzkumu trhu a jeho jednotlivým metodám a technikám relevantním pro tento typ výzkumu. V praktické části bude analyzovat zvolený trh, popř. zvolené trhy, formuluje doporučení pro tvorbu daného produktu a provede ekonomické vyhodnocení jeho zavedení. Použité metody: Analýza sekundárních dat, dedukce, deskripce, komparace, relevantní matematicko-statistické metody. Rozsah grafických prací: Rozsah práce bez příloh: předpoklad cca 15 tabulek a grafů 60 – 70 stran Seznam odborné literatury: BOLDIŠ, P. Bibliografické citace dokumentu podle ČSN ISO 690 a ČSN ISO 690-2 (01 0197): Část 1 – Citace: metodika a obecná pravidla. Verze 3.2 [online]. 1999–2002. Poslední aktualizace 2002-09-03. Dostupné na World Wide Web: HENDL, J. Kvalitativní výzkum – základní metody a aplikace. 1. vyd. Praha : Portál, 2005. 408...
Words: 33489 - Pages: 134
...The Food Crises: A quantitative model of food prices including speculators and ethanol conversion Marco Lagi, Yavni Bar-Yam, Karla Z. Bertrand and Yaneer Bar-Yam New England Complex Systems Institute 238 Main St. Suite 319 Cambridge MA 02142, USA reviewed by: C. Peter Timmer - Cabot Professor of Development Studies emeritus. Harvard University Jeffrey C. Fuhrer - Executive Vice President and Senior Policy Advisor. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston Richard N. Cooper - Maurits C. Boas Professor of International Economics. Harvard University Thomas C. Schelling - Distinguished Professor of Economics emeritus. University of Maryland (Dated: September 21, 2011) Abstract Recent increases in basic food prices are severely impacting vulnerable populations worldwide. Proposed causes such as shortages of grain due to adverse weather, increasing meat consumption in China and India, conversion of corn to ethanol in the US, and investor speculation on commodity markets lead to widely differing implications for policy. A lack of clarity about which factors are responsible reinforces policy inaction. Here, for the first time, we construct a dynamic model that quantitatively agrees with food prices. The results show that the dominant causes of price increases are investor speculation and ethanol conversion. Models that just treat supply and demand are not consistent with the actual price dynamics. The two sharp peaks in 2007/2008 and 2010/2011 are specifically due to investor...
Words: 19603 - Pages: 79
...critical To compete in the bottled water market, a company’s overall supply success factors necessary to chain design, process, and resources should provide the capabilities to compete in the bottled water support the desired strategic fit of the company. market? Are they the same across the product ranges? also there are other important success factors, such as having a good source of water, meeting quality standards, having a suitable distribution network that meets customer needs (Response time - Variety Availability - Customer experience - Time to market - Visibility Returnability), and an efficient cost of meeting those needs (Inventory transportation - Facilities and handling - Information). Price also is an important factor. packaging might play an important role as well. ! ! Q2. What do you think of the Aquafresh have traditionally been at the premium end of the price scale, erosion of price the company that helped them to have a good profit margin, which makes them has faced for its products? immune from the erosion of the prices. Q 3 . I s A q u a f r e s h w e l l Demand for bottled water is inelastic as it is currently a necessity. so equipped to deal with the even with future downturn the demand for bottled water will not be probable future downturn? affected extremely. and as mentioned earlier, the large profit margin of Aquafresh allows it to stay profitable even though if prices dropped a little bit. Q4. What advice would you Aqafresh is best served by a combination...
Words: 368 - Pages: 2
