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E Government

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Submitted By moeriah
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A. Definisi e-Government
Turban mendefinisikan e-government sebagai pemanfaatan teknologi internet untuk menyampaikan informasi dan pelayanan publik kepada masyarakat, mitra bisnis serta pihak lain yang terkait dengan pemerintah, dan orang-orang yang bekerja di sektor public[5]. Adapun Norris menjelaskan e-government sebagai “penyediaan dan penyampaian layanan informasi, secara elektronik, kepada pihak bisnis dan masyarakat, 24 jam, selama 7 hari”. Sementara West mendefinisikan e-government lebih sederhana yaitu sebagai “penyediaan dan penyampaian informasi dan layanan online melalui internet”. [6]
E-Government sering disebut e-gov, digital government, online government atau dalam konteks tertentu transformational government adalah penggunaan teknologi informasi oleh pemerintah untuk memberikan informasi dan pelayanan bagi warganya, urusan bisnis, serta hal-hal lain yang berkenaan dengan pemerintahan. e-Government dapat diaplikasikan pada legislatif, yudikatif, atau administrasi publik, untuk meningkatkan efisiensi internal, menyampaikan pelayanan publik, atau proses kepemerintahan yang demokratis. Model penyampaian yang utama adalah Government-to-Citizen atau Government-to-Customer (G2C), Government-to-Business (G2B) serta Government-to-Government (G2G). Keuntungan yang paling diharapkan dari e-government adalah peningkatan efisiensi, kenyamanan, serta aksesibilitas yang lebih baik dari pelayanan publik." [7] Wikipedia
E-goverment sendiri bukanlah suatu tujuan, tetapi alat untuk mencapai tujuan organisasi. E-government tidak berbeda dengan teknologi lainnya hanya saja penggunaannya dilakukan dalam organisasi birokrasi. Kesuksesan E-goverment tergantung dari persepsi penggunanya yaitu pimpinan, pegawai, dan masyarakat. [8]
B. Manfaat e-government
Menurut Turban, terdapat tiga manfaat keberadaan e-government di dalam suatu intsitusi pemerintahan yaitu:
• Meningkatkan efisiensi dan efektifitas fungsi pemerintahan, diantaranya terkait penyelenggaraan layanan publik;
• Meningkatkan transparansi terkait proses bisnis di pemerintahan kepada masyarakat luas melalui pemberian akses terhadap informasi yang dihasilkan oleh pemerintah;
• Menawarkan peluang yang lebih besar kepada masyarakat untuk dapat berpartisipasi melalui memberikan umpan balik kepada institusi pemerintah terkait dengan penyelenggaraan pelayanan publik.
Transaksi dalam e-government sendiri dapat dikategorikan menjadi tiga jenis, yaitu government to citizens (G2C), government to business (G2B) dan government to government (G2G).
1) Government-to-Citizen atau Government-to-Customer (G2C)
Penyampaian layanan publik dan informasi satu arah oleh pemerintah ke masyarakat, Memungkinkan pertukaran informasi dan komunikasi antara masyarakat dan pemerintah, contohnya G2C : Pajak online, mencari Pekerjaan, Layanan Jaminan sosial, Dokumen pribadi (Kelahiran dan Akte perkawinan, Aplikasi Paspor, Lisensi Pengarah), Layanan imigrasi, Layanan kesehatan, Beasiswa, penanggulangan bencana.
2) Government-to-Business (G2B)
Transaksi-transaksi elektronik dimana pemerintah menyediakan berbagai informasi yang dibutuhkan bagi kalangan bisnis untuk bertransaksi dengan pemerintah.Mengarah kepada pemasaran produk dan jasa ke pemerintah untuk membantu pemerintah menjadi lebih efisien melalui peningkatan proses bisnis dan manajemen data elektronik. Aplikasi yang memfasilitasi interaksi G2B maupun B2G adalah Sistem e-procurement. Contoh : Pajak perseroan, Peluang Bisnis, Pendaftaran perusahaan, peraturan pemerintah (Hukum Bisnis), Pelelangan dan penjualan yang dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah, hak paten merk dagang, dll
3) Government-to-Government (G2G)
Memungkinkan komunikasi dan pertukaran informasi online antar departemen atau lembaga pemerintahan melalui basisdata terintegrasi. Contoh : Konsultasi secara online,blogging untuk kalangan legislative, pendidikan secara online, pelayanan kepada masyarakat secara terpadu.

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