...ELECTRONIC-INK DISPLAY: A revolutionary combination of ink and paper. Ms Priyanka Ingale & Ms Aanchal Agrawal ABSTRACT This paper surveys a system that allows tiny, electrically-charged microcapsules to render text and images on a page. To put it literally it’s a display designed to mimic appearance of regular ink on paper. Conventional flat panel displays use a backlight to illuminate its pixels, while electronic paper reflects light like ordinary paper and is capable of holding text and images indefinitely without drawing electricity or using processor power. It can display different colors when exposed to electric field. It is made through a two step process that involves creating two-toned charged particles, the resulting nanoparticle shells are suspended in a solvent encapsulated in a transparent polymeric shell, when required the ink can be applied to a surface. It is lightweight, durable and highly flexible compared to other displays. Electronic paper combines the advantageous viewing characteristics of conventional paper with the ability to electronically manipulate the information displayed on paper. INDEX TERMS: 1. Historical background. 2. Construction. 2.1 Manufacturing Polymer ink. 2.2 Thin film electrode. 3. Advantages. 4. Disadvantages. 5. Application areas. 6. Conclusion. 7. References. 1. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND The prototype of e-ink was developed in the late 1970s, at Xerox PARC, Palo Alto, CA. It used millions of tiny magnets that...
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...possesses a PC/Laptop/Tablet in India, around 95% untapped market for the e-reader exists. The tablet sales in INDIA in 2013 were $ 4.14 million, however there has been a 32.8% drop in tablet market shipment for Q1 2014 in INDIA. This drop can be attributed to two reasons: 1. Most tablet users have them as their secondary or tertiary devices and thus expect something different that laptops/smartphones do not offer. 2. Bureau of Indian standards (BIS) has implemented strong regulations of quality and safety, which many new entrants are not able to match. Positioning Factors and Marketing Mix Under such scenario, Amazon will have a strong positionas its KINDLE devices are highly innovation driven and substantially better in quality and durable as compared to other products. These 2 factors should be considered the “Key positioning factors” for kindle. The Current Tablet Market in India is highly dominated by Samsung (56.52%) and Apple (22.53%) which constitute (¾)thof the total market. Theprice and value sensitive mindset of Indian consumers has been effectively handled by these companies as seen from examples such as: EMI driven strategy of Samsung and Rent Based Trial strategy of Apple. These strategies create a perception of superior products at affordable prices among the masses. Another important dimension is the distribution channel. Indian market gets 98% of its revenue through Retails and only 2% through e-tails. In such a...
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...Individual Assignment: E ink 2. E- Ink did several things right. They defined a clear vision defined around radio paper and were able to raise initial funds to kick start the company. Also, they were able to develop key partnerships with Philips and Sony that helped bridge the experience gap in electronics while creating a joint venture with the manufacturing company Toppan. IN saying that, the main area that E-Ink went wrong in was that they invested into many fields or segments which in turn caused E-Ink to run out of cash. This caused an issue due to not being able to generate R and D funding and future potential products couldn’t be pursued due to high costs. Also, they failed to keep up with the demands of their customers which forced them to switch to selling ink only. By restructuring and focusing on just ink with just one supply chain they were able to solve many of their ailing technical and financial issues which boded them well in the end. 3. The first focus would be to continue developing radio paper and driving the vison around this product which has potential of being an 80B dollar market. Simultaneously, I would focus on the portable display market as a key relationship with Sony has already been established. Once, these markets have been disrupted I would consider pushing into the retail E-Ink business signs which has potential to be a 600B market. Also, as seen with Cambridge Display and Iridigm, an IPO, acquisition or merger should be considered...
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... saves time and effort. I’d rather do things with a click of a button, then going through endless file cabinets and boxes to look for certain documents. In this paper I will summarize what I analyzed on the article that I chose. I really had no idea electronic paper was around for over 20 years. In fact, electronic paper was created in 1975 by Nick Sheridon at XEROX PARC. Since then companies such as Amazon and Sony have literally taken over the e reader market. One advantage to electronic paper is that it requires minimal energy to work. Also, the display quality looks just like a printed page. However, the biggest challenge for electronic paper now is to obtain better quality for color. The main reason is because of the cost. According to the article, current e paper technology cannot render moving images. (Kroeker, 2009) In addition Sheridon stated, “Color is not easy to do, and most of the monochrome technologies cannot be modified to do good quality color. New invention is needed (Koreker, 2009). Pia was the first color e reader, but it could only display 260,000 colors. Which means they have a long way to go to catch up with a desktop monitor, which can display 16.7 million colors. Another company that is on the rise is Plastic Logic. Their reader supports an 8X 11.5 inch screen, with 3G and Wi-Fi connection. In conclusion this was a very short article so I really could not elaborate too much. However, I am...
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...Electronic Paper For a thin and bendable display, Fabric PCs will rely on a cutting-edge technology called e-paper, or electronic paper. The technology behind e-paper was pioneered in the 1970s by Nick Sheridan at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center and has continued to evolve since that time. Today there are several different implementations of the basic e-paper concept. One example of e-paper technology is called E ink, made by the E ink Corporation. We'll very briefly touch here on how E Ink technology works, but to learn much more about it, read How Electronic Ink Works. Basically, this form of e-paper is created by sandwiching millions of tiny plastic wells between two sheets of flexible plastic. Each well contains both white and black particles, suspended within a clear fluid. The key to this technology is that the white and black particles have opposite charges, so when an electric voltage is applied to individual wells -- through circuitry embedded underneath -- the black and white particles can be separated to opposite sides. In this way, the face-up side of each well can be set to appear either as black or white as seen through the top layer of clear plastic. Each well functions as a separate pixel on the E ink display. E-paper, based on this type of design, can be curled or even folded like a sheet of laminated paper, and because of its light weight and flexibility it's also much less fragile than traditional displays. Fujitsu's Fabric PC concept designs take...
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...Ad Critique The Niche: Find Your Own 11/23/2011 LibraTech I. Introduction Imagine being able to tap into a preexisting market consisting of over 100 million qualified buyer. As you begin to initiate your plan it will start off slowly, but as you continue doing the same routine it will keep growing, even without added labor. By integrating all of your channels together you can have a seamless hub of knowledge that people can learn from, inform others about, and of course buy your product. Most importantly this entire plan can be started for under $100, and will be minimal after that. LibraTech’s new eReader can compete with the best on the market. You know it, I know it, and all that is left is to get the consumer to know it. But how? The online marketplace is where you need to be with this type of technology. Everyone has a website that highlights their strengths and buries their weaknesses. The question is what are you going to do to get people to go to your website? Magazine ads are great because you are capturing someone who already reads, and with your full color integration and flip page technology, it would be a perfect premise to get someone to upgrade. The only problem is that other eReaders are already doing this. Television ads are the same way. You can spend thousands of dollars to air your ads, but what separates you from the others? It is extremely difficult to beat an existing entity using the channels that they are already established...
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...This investigatory project was conducted to prove if nipa palm fruit husk, distilled water, Ferrous Sulfate and gum Arabic can produce an ink that can be substituted to commercial ink. In conducting the experiment, the researchers gathered nipa fruits, these were cut into small portions and weighed into 200 grams. The reduced fruits were soaked in a mixture of 100ml distilled water and 1 gram Ferrous Sulfate (FeSO4) as solvent, vinegar, and salt. Theset-up was boiled for one hour. After boiling the mixture was filtered to separate the black filtrate from undissolved particles. On a laser bond paper the ink produced was tested after being refilled to a pen and was compared to other synthetic commercial ink available in the market. The conductivity and transmittance time , drying time and luminance and adhesion were tested and compared. Results of the test showed that the experimental ink with a proportion of 200 grams nipa palm fruit husk, 100 ml distilled water, 1 gram ferrous sulfate and ½ tablespoon of salt and ½ tablespoon of vinegar produced an output with the highest conductivity and transmittance time, drying time and luminance and adhesion. With the cost of production much lower than that of a commercial ink and having no significant difference in the mean property to the commercial ink the Nipa Palm Fruit Husk Ink proved to be more economical to produce. Acknowledgement ...
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...This document is an authorized copy for the course MBA-16-D Analysis of Business Problems taught by prof. Carlos García Pont at IESE B.S. ASN-32-E September 2003 Intermarket Technology, Inc. In 2001, InterMarket Technology, Inc., a fully integrated point-of-purchase display manufacturer for the beverage industry, was trying to overcome an operations bottleneck in its plastics division. For the past decade, the division had been converting plastic sheeting into sturdy, threedimensional outdoor beverage-merchandising units. These units not only protected and secured beverage products in the out-of-doors, but functioned as powerful advertising and sales vehicles for some of the world’s largest, most international beverage brands. The outdoor units were typically used at gasoline stations which sold soft drinks, in addition to fuel and other products. Each unit could hold up to 24-can cases. The product line consisted of 10 base units, offering clients various merchandising “pack-out” and size options. To customize the products for advertising purposes, client logo artwork was printed on plastic sheets prior to structural manufacturing. To print the sheets, the plastics division contracted with InterMarket’s wholly owned printing division. The plastics division did its own fabrication in a modern 15,600 square foot facility located near a residential area. The printing division operated as a shared services group and provided print services for all three manufacturing...
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...CHARCOAL AS AN ALTERNATIVE INK A Science Investigatory Project Presented to the Faculty of the Special Science Class Leonora S. Salapantan National High School San Miguel, Iloilo CRIS BERNADETTE S. CALDEDERO Special Science Class fourth year Section A March 2015 09071949701 Chapter I Introduction Background of the Study One of the most important historical applications of wood charcoal was as a constituent of gunpowder. It was also used in metallurgical operations as a reducing agent, but its application has been diminished by the introduction of coke, anthracite smalls, etc. A limited quantity is made up into the form of drawing crayons; but the greatest amount is used as a fuel, which burns hotter and cleaner than wood. Charcoal is often used by blacksmiths, for cooking, and for other industrial applications. One additional use of charcoal rediscovered recently is in horticulture. Although American gardeners have been using charcoal for a short while, research on Terra preta soils in the Amazon has found the widespread use of biochar by pre-Columbian natives to turn otherwise unproductive soil into very rich soil. The technique may find modern application, both to improve soils and as a means of carbon sequestration. The world today is suffering for an economic crisis; many people seem to realize the importance of each item that needs to be bought. Ink is an ordinary item but prevalent in everyday use. Some things that provide ink for its functions are...
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...materials, such as ballpens. Ballpens are the most crucial and prenominal things we should have. They are used to write, draw, print, and sketch on papers. One thing we notice about the students, in which we also find ourselves guilty, is the fact of throwing the ballpens to the trash bins once they ran out of ink. This observation is what led us to design our Investigatory Project this way. What if we make our own ink the fill the cartridges when they become empty? Wouldn’t it be helpful? We bet it will be. Our desired ink will be made up of materials that are convenient and easy to find, those that are not scarce in the society, just like dried leaves which can be found in the streets. Also, we will make use of candles and used plates instead of lamp black. We target to promote an environmental-friendly product which can minimize our trashes and help solve ecological problems. Hopefully, by the end of this Investigatory Project, we will be able to come up with a versatile ink that can influence students to save and use our natural resources wisely. B. Statement of the Problem This study aims to identify how dried leaves can be produced as a calligraphy ink. Aside from this, we tend to find the answers to the following questions: 1. Is it possible to come up...
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...USED ENGINE OIL AS SIGN PEN INK COMPONENT 1 Potential of Used Engine Oil as an Additive Component for Sign Pen Ink An Investigatory Project Presented to the Faculty of Science and English Area In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Science and Technology 10 and English 10 Benitez, Danielle C. Cartagena, Roland L. Florentino, Mikhael C. Medina, Alexandra Marie P. Peñaflorida, Andrea Raecristine F. G10 – Our Lady of the Assumption December 10, 2014 USED ENGINE OIL AS SIGN PEN INK COMPONENT 2 Abstract This research’s sole purpose is to find an ideal alternative for sign pen ink. Specifically, it aimed to experiment upon the concept of whether or not used engine oil (UEO) can be used as a suitable component for sign pen ink. In doing so, the researchers have conducted a test that makes use of varying amounts of two main ingredients, namely,UEO and pounded charcoal. Throughout the course of the experiment, three types of ink were produced with the compositions of: 70% UEO and 30% powdered charcoal (Ink A), 80% UEO and 20% powdered charcoal (Ink B), and lastly 100% UEO and no charcoal (Ink C). Ink A was recorded to have the highest tone quality and highest viscosity, which was proven through the chromatography test. Ink B was found to be second highest in terms of both tone quality and viscosity, while Ink C exhibited the lowest tone quality and lowest viscosity level. Tone quality was recorded by testing the pens for writing, and viscosity level...
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...cases days of preparation that go into the process. The process involves preparing the paper, aligning the letters and setting up the equipment even before the printing begins. During Fines interview she talks about the art of the overall process by saying its “Craftsmanship adds value and meaning …” (46). Describing to her audience that Fine believes in taking pride in your work. Fine learns about the skills necessary to operate these antique print presses. (44-47). One way the author, Linda Fine, gives the reader a good mental picture of what she is experiencing is by describing the equipment used and how it works. Tilley explains that alignment of letters can be a conflict. Also, Tilley says “… humid weather can cause the ink to spread out, leaving text appearing smudgy and smeared” (45). Fine expresses her understanding for the great skill by comparing it to her sister’s experience. She related to it by saying “The scarf knitted for her friend had more meaning in it than a typical scarf purchased” (47). I believe this is a significant quote to the story, because it tells the reader that Fine is gaining an appreciation for the skilled craft of print pressing. In the first paragraph of Linda Fine’s article, “Bringing Ingenuity Back”. Fine should have used an opening sentence or thesis statement declaring where the essay was going, because it lacks direction and purpose. It gave me the impression the article was going to keep talking about the college...
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...2-18 POS- Point of Sale-a device used to gather and record pertinent data electronically at that time CPU-Central Processing Unit-data that has been captured and transcribed into machine readable formats is processed to be valuable to decision-makers. OCR-Optical Character recognition-uses optical readers to interpret data found on source documents. MICR-Magnetic Ink Character Recognition-The technology used primarily by banks to encode magnetically readable symbols on checks and similar financial documents. ATM- Automated Teller Machine- smart terminals connected to the bank’s central computer. Customers use magnetically encoded card and password and a customer can do various banking transactions. RAM-Random Access Memory-primary purpose is to store data and program instructions temporarily for immediate processing and execution. ALU- Arithmetic-logic unit-in microprocessors these chips perform arithmetic tasks and logic tasks. MIPS-Million instructions per second- OS-Operating System-a set of software programs that helps a computer run itself well as the application programs designed to run under it. MHz-used to measure transmission speed of electronic devices. Pixel-picture elements-the tiny dots that monitor uses to create a complete screen image. RGB-Red,Green,Blue- CD-ROM-Compact disk-read only memory-disks that can store approximately 640 megabytes of data. WORM-Write once, read many-blank cds that can be recorded once only with inexpensive cd encoding devices...
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...dots on the line for each color dipped a cotton swab in each color and added to the coffee filter three times each mixed 1/8 teaspoons of salt and 3 cups of water in to a pitcher and shaked it until it was dissolved poured the salt water in to a glass cup so that the liquid level was ¼ inch put the coffee filter in to the salt water the dyes started to separate repeat steps 2-9 but with alcohol and not salt water Data and Observations List your original predictions about the expected pigment components of each candy color. I thought that no color would move. Create an organized and labeled data table that lists the color and distance traveled of each pigment separated from each original candy color or ink type. Remember to have two separate sections or tables for the two...
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...Investigatory Project : the Feasibility of Used Cooking Oil and Charcoal as an Alternative Ink for T-Shirt Prints T-shirt, Undergarment, Suit (clothing) * By thanzskie * Sep 28, 2012 * 3600 Words * 1567 Views The Feasibility of Used Cooking Oil and Charcoal as an Alternative Ink for T-shirt Prints Chapter 1 Background of the Study When most people think of modern technological innovations, the first thing that comes to their minds are the advancements of technology in computers, communication devices and many more. However, there is a modern technological advancement in the field of fashion too, and one of it is the advancement in textile printing that has led to the rise in fashion clothing. Today, clothing has taken great technological progress in its production and it influences the fashion world alot. Fashion has always been an artistic expression and the style of many. Trends are always changing and evolving, extremely demanding the fashion technology faster than ever before. Printed t-shirts are a great example of how the industry had used these technical innovations to give it a new face everyday. Textile printing has opened new avenues using these developments in t-shirt printing (http://web2logs.com/art/design/types-of-inks-used-in-printed-t-shirts/). The most noticeable change have been in the use of inks for t-shirt is the plastisol, it is used as an ink for screen printing designs onto garments, and are particularly useful for printing opaque...
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