...developmental stages. According to Baltes, (1996), the entire life cycle has four eras. These eras, he says, take an approximate time of 20-25 years. Levinson goes further to identify the developmental periods as childhood and adolescence, early childhood, middle adulthood, and late adulthood. At this point in time, it is formal to simplify various terminologies that relation to human development. This is because they will feature constantly in the preceding sections. First and foremost is development. This is simply a change characterized by movement from one state to another. Usually, development leads to transitions. Development, as will be used in this paper, will refer to growth, and progression through certain stages, commonly termed as “maturity.” Another term of significance is stage. This refers to sections that differentiate the various phases of growth. The phases involve changes which are either physical or intellectual and their subsequent impact on life events and experiences. This paper examines the wider field of lifespan development. It begins by exploring the stages of human development. As regards, the stages, the paper focuses on seven main stages i.e. the infancy stage, early childhood, middle childhood, Adolescence, early adulthood, middle...
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...Social Development Research • A study was done to examine violent behavior from ages 13 to 21 and identified predictors at age 10. • 55% of youth engaged in violence in adolescence, but desisted from any violence in early adulthood. • 16% of people persisted in violent behaviors at age 21. • The analysis performed and referred to in this article found that factors loaded consistently on three components, which were labeled; Early Individual Characteristics, Early Pro-social Development, and Early Antisocial influences. Explain why you chose this topic and article: I chose the topic (childhood risk factors for persistence of violence in the transition of adulthood) because violence among children has become more and more common over the years. It is not unheard of to hear a child brought a gun, knife, or even a hand grenade to school. I was curious to learn what characteristics were shown in these type of children and what the likely hood was for them to turn around their lifestyle as an adult. Key points of the article: The key points in this article were the numbers given during and after the study. It showed that more than half of youth that were engaged in violence in their childhood years retracted from any violence in early adulthood. The article also made it a point to inform that some differences in risk profiles did develop after combining risk and protective factors into component scales that were based on results of the principal components analysis. If you...
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...and adolescent predictors of alcohol use and problems in adolescence and adulthood in the National Child Development Study Explain why you choose this topic and article. - I choose the topic about childhood and adolescent predictors of alcohol use and problems in adolescence and adulthood in the National Child Development Study because I am interested how there can be a connection between the different ages and the possible affect of alcohol in their lives. - I choose this article specifically because it has very interesting fact and research that indicates that in the early childhood of a person there are roots that indicate that there can be a link in alcohol when they are adults because of their behavior. Keypoints of the article - Aim- to identify childhood and adolescent predictors of alcohol use and harmful I adolescence and adulthood. - Participants- childhood and adolescence predictors and alcohol use data from at least one adolescent or adult wave were available from 7883 females and 8126 males. - Conclusion- Results demonstrated that the early roots of adolescents and adult alcohol use behaviours begin in childhood. If you had to write a research paper on this topic; would you use the article you selected? Explain why or why not? - I would use this article if I needed to write a research paper on this topic because it provides very interesting facts and research that helps the article provide the answer that its looking for. This article...
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...Journal BSHS 342 Week 2 Learning Team Assignment Hot Topic Paper Methods of Delivery BSHS 342 Week 3 DQ 1 BSHS 342 Week 3 DQ 2 BSHS 342 Week 3 Individual Assignment Rite of Passage Paper BSHS 342 Week 3 Learning Team Assignment Observation Journal Age 10 – 17 BSHS 342 Week 4 DQ 1 BSHS 342 Week 4 DQ 2 BSHS 342 Week 4 Individual Changes in Adulthood Personal Perspectives or Paper BSHS 342 Week 4 Learning Team Assignment Slowing the Biological Clock BSHS 342 Week 4 Observation Journal Age Adult Middle Adult BSHS 342 Week 5 DQ 1 BSHS 342 Week 5 DQ 2 BSHS 342 Week 5 Learning Team Assignment Research Paper on Issues Affecting the Aging BSHS 342 Week 5 Observation Journal Age Late Adulthood For More Homework Goto http://www.homeworkbasket.com BSHS 342 Week 2 Learning Team Assignment Hot Topic Paper Methods Of Delivery Click Below URL to Purchase Homework http://www.homeworkbasket.com/BSHS-342/BSHS-342-Week-2-Learning-Team-Assignment-Hot-Topic-Paper-Methods-of-Delivery Select a topic as a team for your Hot Topic paper and presentation. • Birth control and abortion • Methods of delivery • Infant day care • Breast feeding versus bottle feeding • Discipline of infants • Appropriate age for toilet training • Parental rights and roles Research, individually, the topic chosen by your team. Begin to write your paper. Synthesize your research and information to include all sides of the issue rather than...
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...Understanding People Early Adult: 22 – 40 Years + “When I was a child, I talked like a child, I thought like a child, I reasoned like a child. When I became a man I put the ways of childhood behind me.” 1Cor 13:11 March 28, 2016 Introduction Parents drill in a child's head that we have arrived at eighteen. That's the golden age. We are lead to believe we are grown, free to set our own rules and live life as we chose. You are a lady or a young man. As if to imply an individual has reached the end of a stage. I thought I would no longer have to complete my house chores but I almost got knocked down. Developmental theorist say it is in fact the beginning of early adulthood. Adults are in transition. In spite of the young adult’s proclamation of being grown, they are still developing and growing in many facets of life. Theorists such as Egan, Levinson, Sell, Sheehy, and Gilligan expressed beliefs of adult’s transitional stage (Fawcett, p69). Early adult (some call it pre-adult or young adult), range between ages eighteen to forty. Some theorist began as early as eighteen to thirty-five. For the purpose of this paper I will use the referenced author age range, which is age twenty-two to age forty. This paper will expand on the definition of early adulthood by unpacking the various definitions and theories concepts. I will further explore that perspective as well as other theorist perspective such as Erik Erickson and Jean Piaget. And finally end with some...
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...The article that I chose was “Romantic Relationships and Substance Use in Early Adulthood: An Examination of the Influences of Relationship Type, Partner Substance Use, and Relationship Quality” by Charles B. Fleming, Helene R. White, and Richard F. Catalano. This article covered the effects that varying type of relationships have on substance use, and being as I went through these different stages right out of high school so I can relate and appreciate the data. This article was very easy to relate too and to understand how relationships can change you for worst or better, and the way that the data is delivered was straight forward and clear cut so I was able to interpret it clearly. The information that is given in this article was well researched and delivered, and being that this was a research paper it would give good starting points for where I should begin my own research. Although this paper was focused on a limited age range (early adulthood 18-20) it was extremely thorough in retrieving data and offers many areas where you could continue the research and look more into a specific relationship type. This paper covers the opposing affects that differing stages of relationships play on drug use, heavy drinking, and smoking, but this study only focuses on the transition between graduating high school and entering college and gives a small glimpse into what the roles play later in life. The most interesting piece of data that this article had was not only does being in...
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...Social Development Research on: Intimate Relationship Development: During the Transition to Adulthood: Differences by Social Class PSY/201 October 22, 2011 Shawna Harlin-Clifton I chose the article “Intimate Relationship Development: During the Transition to Adulthood: Differences by Social Class” because I have believed there was a difference in intimate relationships when it came to different social classes. This article had various data graphs that informed me of the percentages of teen relationship experiences, teen sexual experiences as well as the percentage of early cohabitation and marriage by family income. It was very interesting to see that in adolescence, class differences shape intimate relationships such as in holding hands, kissing on the mouth or telling someone you loved her. While class differences in relationship experience are not that different, there are vast differences in sexual experiences. Concerning sexual experiences those with higher incomes are least likely to have had sexual experiences and that was the particular trend amongst the males. Class differences are also evident in early marriage and cohabitation rates. According the Study of Adolescent Health Data, collected in 2001, approximately 28 percent of youth who had lower income have cohabited by the age of 20 compared to 15 percent of higher income youth. This is also true concerning marriage. Youth in the lower income category are more likely to arrive at marriage...
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...Early and Middle Adulthood Paper Kimberly Smith PSY/280 August 17, 2015 Mrs. Barch Early and Middle Adulthood Paper Early to middle adulthood is more of a challenging ever-changing process. People in their early and middle adulthood go through transitions such as deciding to go to college, starting a family, getting married and establishing social and health-affecting habits. As a man and woman grow, these different changes will help him or her to form a wide variety of views on life. How social and intimate relationship has changed over time and identification of various roles changes during early and middle age. Lastly the direct and future influence the healthy and unhealthy behaviors experienced during early and middle adulthood. Social and Intimate relationship change In early adulthood, it’s a time of independence, identity seeking, and lifestyle forming. During this time, kids are graduating leaving their parents home starting new relationships and developing a life of their own. Erikson believed that people need constant contact with others throughout their lives, from birth to death, whether that contact is romantic intimacy or a relationship with friends and family. The time has changed where young adults were getting married fresh out of high school. Now middle adults are waiting until mid thirty’s are longer to have children and get married. Parents who waited longer to have children and who had highly educated degrees have a greater loss in happiness following...
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...poor sense of self might be hidden down deep until a certain age like our early 40’s where we begin to reflect back on our life. Missing a maternal love as a child has repercussions in adulthood that can result in no success being good enough to satisfy the adults need to compensate for the missing maternal love. A mid-life crisis is a topic that has always interested me. Some men and women use the term mid-life crisis as an excuse for any bad behavior or mistakes they make in their early to mid-40’s. The cause behind a mid-life crisis has always interested me, knowing that someone did not wake up one day and decide to spend an obscene amount of money on a little sports car or commit adultery after a very loving marriage. In a male child’s life, a mother plays a very large role in creating a healthy sense of self and belonging. It only makes sense that for any male that is lacking a loving maternal relationship will suffer social-development setbacks at some point in their life. When reaching a certain point in our life we are all guilty of looking back over our life at our accomplishments and failures, however most of us are well equipped to be proud of our accomplishments and realize what our failures are allowing us to continue moving along in our adulthood with no major hiccups. This article would be a terrific asset to any research paper regarding a mid-life crisis, especially a research...
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...Social Development Research PSY/172 Essentials of Psychology Social Development Research Article Title: Adulthood Link: http://www.credoreference.com/entry/worldsocs/adulthood I chose this article because it provided an interesting theory of how sociological changes have influenced and delayed the transition into adulthood. The article focused on the impact of modern technological and industrial changes to societal attitudes toward adult rites of passage. In the modern-day industrial society, the introduction of formal education as well as the need for higher education in the twentieth-century postponed adulthood by introducing an adolescent and post-adolescent phase prior to adulthood. By comparison, in the agricultural society of the medieval era, people transitioned from infancy to adulthood as soon as they could work alongside their elders. Some interesting key points of the article, Adulthood, describe both formal and informal transitions in a person’s life that indicate the achievement of adult status. Formal indicators that a person has achieved adult status are: 1. Completion of formal education 2. Economic independence 3. Moving out of the parent’s home 4. Voting 5. Full-time employment 6. Marriage Informal transitions into adulthood are behavioral patterns assumed by an adolescent in an attempt to attain adult status. These behaviors include: 1. Drug and alcohol use 2. Smoking 3. Sexual activity 4. Teenage pregnancy...
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...The issue of social development in adulthood has much important information that stems from the transition of adolescence to adulthood. In the article, Intimate Relationship Development During the Transition to Adulthood: Differences by Social Class by Ann Meier and Gina Allen, social development in adulthood has many variables of determining factors such as age, sex, race, financial position, sexual orientation, and militant experience. In a study taken by the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, research was conducted to see who in the last 18 months had a special romantic relationship. After receiving the data it was noted that lower income families have children that produce the majority of unintentional pregnancies. Upper class children tend to wait until later in life. This data shows that lower income families develop or participate in early sexual behavior at a younger age than upper income families. Even though lower income families have sexual encounters at earlier ages the data also shows that they marry at younger ages as well. This is a main cause for the high divorce rate. These two situations are primarily due to lack of education and resources from a family of poverty. Marriage patterns also follow the parents’ example. For instance, children from higher educated and income families follow the traditional marriage example. This means that they marry first then become parents. And the opposite follows for children with “less-than” backgrounds of their...
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...Issue Analysis Child rearing and career pursuit are commonplace during early adulthood although men and women experience the two differently for obvious reasons. Women have the biological requirement to carry the growing child during pregnancy and giving birth. Nature also wired women with a maternal instinct to nurture and care for their children. Biology places women in a position that often puts them at odds with their career objectives. The level of success of the feminist movement to place women on an equal platform in the workplace with men is debatable. Further, whether professional women are opting out of the workplace by choice or are forced out by socio-cultural pressures is in question. Some observers suggest that the feminist movement has not gone far enough whereas others suggest that the movement has already served its purpose. In this paper, I examine the pros and cons on either side of the issue. I will also explore optional roles adults may adopt through their primary roles as parent, spouse, or through career pursuits. Often professional women leave their careers giving family priority. However, the rationale that drives that choice is debatable. Strengths and Weaknesses of the Pro Side Linda Hirschman in an article titled “Homeward Bound,” takes the position that while publicly and professionally attitudes toward women’s roles have changed allowing them greater opportunity in the business world. However, Hirschman (2005 p. 341) notes “private lives have...
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...personality development suggest that it is an individual, as well as a social, phenomenon and changes are related to that individual’s biological status and social context. The article also includes views from Erik Erikson and American psychologist Daniel J. Levinson. According to Erikson, individuals are confronted by certain psychological demands at distinct parts of life. The example used is that young adults are faced with the expectation of getting married and starting a family, middle adulthood brings the crisis that develops between the sense of generativity and stagnation, while maturity, or old age, brings the crisis regarding the sense of ego integrity versus the sense of despair. Daniel Levinson also breaks up adult life, in men, into five periods called eras that, together, constitute an entire life-cycle structure. These eras are preadulthood (birth to age 22), early adulthood (age 17 to 45), middle adulthood (age 40 to 64), late adulthood (age 60 to 85), and late late adulthood (age 80 and over), with each era made up of different developmental periods and transitions. The article also describes the different transitional stages and includes a study that not only disagrees with Erikson and Levinson, but provides evidence for both change and constancy. The end of this section simply lists different studies that also focus on development, just with different parameters. The main reason I chose this article was because it seemed to be very credible. It included information...
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...Social Development Research Purposeful Aging: Teleological Perspectives on the Development of Social Interest in Late Adulthood By Jeffrey M. Penick * Explain why you chose this topic and article Being a child of young parents had enabled me to view my elders in a different light. Social Media has left what I perceive the middle aged, 65 to 75 years of age, behind the times. People are living longer and the perception of “old” is outdated. Social interests need to be met for all ages 80, 90 and yes 100 years old. * Key points of the article One of the key points of the article was the discussion of the expectations of change in social interest late in adulthood and how these changes are and will continue to augment the fabric of later social development. Another key point made was that social interests and needs are changing with the largest demographic, whose center and purpose is degrading with the release of day-to-day parenting duties, spouse or intimate partner loss, and the decline in health and career and employment demands. These fore mentioned factors have been driving your early adult life for many years and to have a sudden decline with no replacement or substitution, will drive the desire for innovative social interests and inspirations. Lastly, later in life, with many burdensome conditions lifted, there is a lot of time for self-reflection and expression of interest in real or synthetic communities. The article made valid points that purposeful...
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...Social Development Research Psy/202 August 28, 2013 The article that I chose is titled: What’s going on with young people today? I chose this article because it provided an interesting theory of how sociological changes have influenced and delayed the transition into adulthood. The article begins with explaining the lengthening process to adulthood over the past several decades, and what challenges the youth of today face transitioning into adulthood, noting that these challenges change to meet the social realities of the era. For example it was not uncommon for youth to leave home in the fifties at a young age to pursue work opportunities while they were plentiful. It was considered normal to encourage young adults to do so and social expectations of the time reinforced that need. This transition soon fell by the way side when economic and employment uncertainties arose in the seventies leaving young adults to reconsider their living arrangements, educational investments, and family formation. Next the article took a look at changes in the core timing shifts in the new transition that lengthens the time it takes for youth of today to leave home, complete school, enter the workforce, marry and have children. The authors Settersten and Ray go on to state that the stress of today’s new agenda for attaining independence leaves many families overburdened as they support their children for extended periods of time...
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