...Literacy Introduction Literacy is defined as the ability to write and read certain information. Literacy can take two forms; it can be informal education or the formal type of education. Informal education is the schooling which is done outside the usual classrooms. Informal education can be self tutoring, on the job training, the youth education program or home education done by parents. Formal education is the learning system done in a learning institution by professional teachers using a specific syllabus to educate students (Kozol 195). Personal Experience Right after finishing weaning, the first institution to join was the kindergarten. Kindergarten is an informal program for children where they are taught basic and social skills. The...
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...Responsive Instruction Culturally Responsive Instruction. You have been learning about issues of cultural and linguistic diversity and their impact on student achievement. In this assignment you are asked to use your own personal and professional experiences to write a paper analyzing and defending the use of culturally responsive teaching to support effective literacy instruction. In your analysis: Produce a research-based rationale for the use of culturally responsive teaching in literacy instruction. You must include at least Describe at least threeone scholarly source in this section; research-based techniques that educators can use to support this pedagogy. You must back your assertions with at least one scholarly source in this section; Discuss the instructional implications of this pedagogical approach. Your paper must be three-to five-pages not including the title or reference pages. It must be written in APA format per the Ashford Writing Center Guidelines with at least two scholarly resources, in addition to the course text. EDU 669 Week 2 Assignment Constructing Meaning Research Analysis Constructing Meaning: Research Analysis. As you have been learning, one key to success in literacy instruction is the use of appropriate strategies to support student learning. Select one strategy...
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...Term Paper Psyc 400, Spring, 2015 Title of Paper: Factors Contributing to Literacy Skills in Children from Low-Income Families In American society, education is considered by many to be an equalizing force for people from all walks of life. It allows the nation’s best and brightest to distinguish themselves from their peers through intellectual merit - at least in theory. Unfortunately, the reality of the situation does not live up to the ideal, especially for children from low income families. Children who are already growing up with the disadvantages of poverty are further hindered by underfunded and ineffectual primary schooling, setting them even further behind middle and upper class children. Before beginning a discussion of the factors or strategies contributing to early literacy, it is important to first establish that there is in fact a discrepancy between low-income children and their more affluent peers in the first place. A review of the research literature is required to lay certain inaccurate stereotypes to rest, such as the notion that poor children are simply lazier students, and do not face additional difficulties with the acquisition of literacy skills. A comprehensive empirical study by Babuder et al (2014) explores the relationship between poverty and reading skills in children, with the results being unanimously negative. The study goes beyond assessing the reading skills of the children, and measures the basic phonological and semantic skills needed...
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...How Language Abilities and Deficiencies Impact Literacy Development Ashanti Gordon Grand Canyon University: ECH 515 December 12, 2012 How Language Abilities and Deficiencies Impact Literacy Development Multnomah County had a survey done for kindergarten teachers. The results suggested that 19.4% of their students were not headed toward literacy success, due to a lack of necessary language and pre-reading skills. There is a 90% probability of a child that is a poor reader in first grade, still being a poor reader three years later, in fourth grade (http://www.co.marion.or.us). As Early Childhood Educators, we must help our students. Creating literacy rich environments for our students will assist them in the literacy process. Early language abilities make a positive impact on literacy development. Language and literacy both have many definitions. This paper will refer to the following interpretations. Language is a method used to communicate. This may be in written or verbal words that are routinely arranged. Literacy is simply the ability to read and write (http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary). This paper will discuss language as it relate to the development of literacy. Language in Literacy During the first few years of life, language and literacy development begins. It is linked to our first encounter with books and stories. It is linked to the “baby talk” from our caregivers and the noises that a babies makes in return. Language is learned...
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...Dorothy Reed Grand Canyon University: ECH-425 June 13, 2014 In this paper I will be discussing the different ways language abilities and deficiencies impact the literacy development for the different age groups up to age eight. I will also include how teachers should support the English language learners when they are trying to grasp the concept of learning a new language. The word deficiency means not having enough of something that is important or necessary (Merriam-Webster dictionary). Learning to read and write ant an early age is what will help set the tone for a child’s learning in their later years of school. It was established that the early childhood years serve as an important foundation for subsequent literacy development (Neuman and Dickerson, 2001; Snow, Burns, and Griffin 1998; Whitehurst and Lonigan, 2001).Reading books aloud is the best way to help children at a young age develop good literacy skills. In a forum that I came across while I was doing my research talked about how only 58 percent of children ages 3-5 are read to daily by family members (Forum on Child and Family Statistics, 2004). Just think if we as teachers, parents, and family members read to our children more throughout the week, what an impact we would be making on a child’s life and on their literacy skills for reading and writing. I have four grandchildren and I read to them at least three times a week when they are at my house. My granddaughter is seven and she helps me read to her...
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...This paper will discuss developmentally appropriate methodologies in teaching language and literacy to young children across a developmental curriculum. Also to be discussed will be the aspects/knowledge of language, language diversity and Theoretical Perspectives. There is now evidence that it is never too early to teach a child. Through research it has been discovered that the infant even before he/she is born can hear sound and as we know that is how we acquire language, by hearing spoken words. According to Otto (2010), language development begins when language speakers assume that an infant is a participating partner in conversational settings, even though it is months before the child is able to begin using conventional words. In an article written by Dr. Carmelita Lomeo-Smrtic,Ph.D, she wrote that “Teaching children to become literate members of society is a daunting task, often relegated to the elementary teacher. However, research on teaching children to become literate suggests that this process must begin well before kindergarten. Research suggests that children are primed for learning language in utero. Also from the Otto text, “research on children’s perception of speech and the development of the auditory system in utero has determined that the fetus can perceive sounds beginning with the 25th week of gestation and at the 35th week a fetus’s hearing acuity is at a level similar to an adult’s (2010). Knowing all...
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...Using Technology to Support Literacy in a Preschool Classroom CIEC 6180 Esmeralda Torres Introduction What is literacy? Literacy is defined simply as the ability to read and write. This is taught in all classrooms in many different ways from reading books to writing summaries of books. Literacy though, can be taught through technology as well. In today’s world, technology continues to grow at a rapid pace and has therefore opened many opportunities for teaching and learning. Connecting students with digital literacy will allow teachers to support their students’ literacy growth. It is not just about the pencil and paper anymore. When we think about technology we immediately envision a computer, a tablet, or a smartphone but technology is not just those things. Televisions and radios are technology as well and can be used to support children’s literacy development in different ways. There are many different methods and programs that allow us to target all types of students therefore teachers should embrace technology and its many educational uses. This paper will look at how different types of technology can be used to support literacy in a preschool classroom. Why use technology? Using technology in our classrooms will actually help motivate students into learning. The excitement the students get when a laptop or tablet is pulled out is what begins that motivation. Even those children that were not paying attention are suddenly paying attention all because...
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...action research project explores the using of play and creative arts in a kindergarten classroom. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and analyze how play and creative arts activities enhance and support children’s learning in literacy and numeracy lessons. Qualitative methods were used to gain data that reflect on the implementation of play and creative arts strategies and activities in teaching and the interpretation collected from participants. The three types of tools that used to collect data are observations, interviews and a reflective journal to ensure validity of results. After analyzing the data, two interrelated themes emerged. The first theme highlights the benefits of play and creative arts in early childhood. The second theme shows the benefits of using them can support literacy and numeracy development. Consequently play and creative arts seems to promote development in children’s learning processes and they also offer the learners’ confidence in their learning. To conclude, this study shows that play and creative arts may have positive effect in improving the children’s overall performance and attitudes. Play and creative arts are important aspects of children’s learning that are being used in kindergartens. This action research project explores the using of play and creative arts in a kindergarten classroom. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and analyze how play and creative arts activities enhance and support children’s learning in literacy and numeracy...
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...CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Reading Reading is a multifaceted process involving word recognition, comprehension, fluency and motivation. It is a complex cognitive process of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension). It is a means of language acquisition of communication, and of sharing information and ideas. Like all language, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated. The reading process requires continuous practice, development and refinement. Reading is making meaning from print, it requires that we: i. Identify the words in print – a process called word recognition. ii. Construct an understanding from them – a process called comprehension. iii. Coordinate identifying words and making meaning so that reading is automatic and accurate – an achievement called fluency. Sometimes you can make meaning from print without being able to identify all the words. Sometimes you can identify words without being able to construct much meaning from them. Sometimes you can identify words and comprehend them, but if the processes don’t come together smoothly, reading will still be a labored process. Reading in its fullest sense involves weaving together word recognition and comprehension in a fluent manner. These three processes are complex and each is important. i. To develop word recognition...
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...edu/theses Part of the Communication Technology and New Media Commons Recommended Citation Muhammad, James G., "Exploring the Effects of Text Messaging on the Spelling Skills of Ninth and 12th Grade Students" (2011). Student Theses. Paper 32. For more information about the academic degree, extended learning, and certificate programs of Governors State University, go to http://www.govst.edu/Academics/Degree_Programs_and_Certifications/ This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by OPUS Open Portal to University Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Student Theses by an authorized administrator of OPUS Open Portal to University Scholarship. For more information, please contact opus@govst.edu. Exploring the Effects of Text Messaging on the Spelling Skills of Ninth and 12th Grade Students By James G. Muhammad B.S., Bowling Green State University, 1976 THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts, With a Major in Communication and Training Governors State University University Park, IL 60466 2011 ii Acknowledgements I am forever grateful to Dr. David Rhea for his counsel, guidance and professionalism during the process of writing this paper. I also thank the committee, Dr. Michele McMaster and Professor Marilyn Yirku, for their consideration and patience during this process. I cannot say enough about the support I received from my family on this journey. Thanks...
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...SCHOOL SUCCESS FOR EVERY CHILD OF EVERY AGE Harvard Family Research Project Harvard Graduate School of Education HARVARD FAMILY RESEARCH PROJECT NO. 1 in a series SPRING 2006 Family Involvement IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION The family seems to be the most effective and economical system for fostering and sustaining the child’s development. Without family involvement, intervention is likely to be unsuccessful, and what few effects are achieved are likely to disappear once the intervention is discontinued.1 —Urie Bronfenbrenner This brief is dedicated to Urie Bronfenbrenner (1917–2005) whose pioneering research influenced the work of Harvard Family Research Project. Introduction Family involvement matters for young children’s cognitive and social development. But what do effective involvement processes look like, and how do they occur? This research brief summarizes the latest evidence base on effective involvement—that is, the research studies that link family involvement in early childhood to outcomes and programs that have been evaluated to show what works. The conceptual framework guiding this research review is complementary learning. Harvard Family Research Project (HFRP) believes that for children and youth to be successful from birth through adolescence, there must be an array of learning supports around them. These learning supports include families, early childhood programs, schools, outof-school time programs and...
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...Financial Literacy among Youth: Case of Amritsar City Dr. Arwinder Singh Assistant Professor/Department of Commerce Guru Nanak Dev University Regional Campus, Gurdaspur, Punajb, India #08968092299 arwinder.gndu@yahoo.com Nitika Bhandari (Corresponding Author) Assistant Professor/Department of Commerce Khalsa College for Women, Amritsar, Punjab, India #08146993589 Nitika3088@gmail.com Determinants of Financial Literacy among Youth: Case of Amritsar City Abstract Financial markets around the world have become increasingly accessible to everyone but financial products are becoming more complex and difficult to grasp for an average individual. Therefore it is of paramount importance to equip the Youth with Financial Literacy so that they can manage their own finances and securing their financial future. The present study is carried out with the objective to find out the determinants of financial literacy of the youth. The major determinants that influence the financial literacy are required to be sought in order to deal with the complexities of current financial markets and products. Data has been collected through primary sources by framing questionnaire answered by 100 respondents in Amritsar. Factor Analysis has been used to analyse the data. The analysis revealed five underlying dimensions namely Interest in Financial Issues, Financial Behaviour, Saving habits, Financial Attitude and Financial Awareness. The results of this paper will...
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...linked to enhanced pedagogy and children’s learning in early childhood settings: Best Evidence Synthesis July 2003 Characteristics of professional development linked to enhanced pedagogy and children’s learning in early childhood settings: Best Evidence Synthesis October 2003 This report is one of a series of best evidence syntheses commissioned by the Ministry of Education. It is part of a commitment to strengthen the evidence base that informs education policy and practice in New Zealand. It aims to contribute to an ongoing evidence-based discourse amongst policy makers, educators and researchers. The best evidence synthesis approach is being developed in collaboration with researchers. It draws together in a systematic way the available evidence about what works to improve education outcomes, and what can make a bigger difference for the education of all our children and young people. Prepared for the Ministry of Education Authors Linda Mitchell and Pam Cubey Copyright © Ministry of Education PO Box 1666 Wellington ISBN 0-478-18773-4 Web ISBN ISBN 0-478-18774-2 www.minedu.govt.nz Characteristics of professional development linked to enhanced pedagogy and children’s learning in early childhood settings Best Evidence Synthesis Report prepared for the New Zealand Ministry of Education Linda Mitchell and Pam Cubey July 2003 New Zealand Council for Educational Research P O Box 3237 Wellington New Zelaand CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...
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...2005/ED/EFA/MRT/PI/9 Background paper prepared for the Education for All Global Monitoring Report 2005 The Quality Imperative The importance of mother tongue-based schooling for educational quality Carole Benson 2004 This paper was commissioned by the Education for All Global Monitoring Report as background information to assist in drafting the 2005 report. It has not been edited by the team. The views and opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and should not be attributed to the EFA Global Monitoring Report or to UNESCO. The papers can be cited with the following reference: “Paper commissioned for the EFA Global Monitoring Report 2005, The Quality Imperative”. For further information, please contact efareport@unesco.org The importance of mother tongue-based schooling for educational quality Commissioned study for EFA Global Monitoring Report 2005 Carol Benson, Ph.D. Centre for Research on Bilingualism Stockholm University 14 April 2004 Part A: Overview While there are many factors involved in delivering quality basic education, language is clearly the key to communication and understanding in the classroom. Many developing countries are characterized by individual as well as societal multilingualism, yet continue to allow a single foreign language to dominate the education sector. Instruction through a language that learners do not speak has been called “submersion” (Skutnabb-Kangas 2000) because it is analogous to...
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...ultimately affect their financial and social well-being; parents need to take responsibility for providing early instruction on financial literacy and responsibility. Because of gross overconsumption, student loans, and a lack of adequate parental guidance on financial literacy; children are facing a lifetime of debt and little to no understanding of how to handle it. Overconsumption Americans have made some progress, since the financial crisis of 2008, which is considered, by some economists, to be the worst since the great depression (Haverman, 2008). Debt is still nearly double than that of 1989 (Editorial Board, 2015) and private debt overshadows government debt by one hundred and fifty percent (Nutting, 2014). American debt is in part due to overconsumption. Our parents were largely one income families. They lived in modest homes, most drove one car and had minimal educations. Today’s upper class is constantly getting bigger and better homes and cars, and taking lavish vacations, and a strong desire for those amenities has driven some in the middle class to incur unreasonably high debt. Thomas Naylor, a professor emeritus of economics at Duke University, believes that a marketing sway of consumer goods and services have a part in this out of hand behavior as well (Billitteri, 2010). Student Loan Debt According to New York Federal Reserve Bank research, students with less than $5,000 in loans, sixty-three percent, default within three years as opposed to six...
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