...Literacy Introduction Literacy is defined as the ability to write and read certain information. Literacy can take two forms; it can be informal education or the formal type of education. Informal education is the schooling which is done outside the usual classrooms. Informal education can be self tutoring, on the job training, the youth education program or home education done by parents. Formal education is the learning system done in a learning institution by professional teachers using a specific syllabus to educate students (Kozol 195). Personal Experience Right after finishing weaning, the first institution to join was the kindergarten. Kindergarten is an informal program for children where they are taught basic and social skills. The...
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...T he National Early Literacy Panel (NELP; 2008) was convened with the purpose of “summarizing scientific evidence on early literacy development and on home and family influences on that development” (p. iii). The project was aimed specifically to influence educational policy and practice as well as to “determine how teachers and families could support young children’s language and literacy development”(p. iii). The NELP report provides an initial framework for considering the effectiveness of parent and family literacy programs on young children’s literacy acquisition, but there are several important pieces to the puzzle that remain to be addressed. The charge to the NELP was to determine what instructional practices promote the development of children’s early literacy skills. Toward that end, the panel posed four questions: 1. What are the skills and abilities of young children (birth through 5 years or kindergarten) that predict later reading, writing, or spelling outcomes? 2. Which instructional approaches or procedures contribute to gains in children’s skills and abilities that are linked to later outcomes in reading, writing, or spelling? 3. What environments and settings are related to improvements in children’s skills and abilities that are linked to later literacy outcomes? 4. What child characteristics are related to gains in children’s skills and abilities that are linked to later literacy outcomes? To set the foundations for their study, the...
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...Traditional stories and tales can often be overlooked in planning activities for children, inspired by a puppet show performance by several of the children in the nursery about animals including bears, I decided to base a theme on the famous tale of ‘Goldilocks and the Three Bears’ and then allow the children to make their own book of the story with the pictures they have drawn using the ideas they have developed from implementing the theme. The story of ‘Goldilocks and the Three Bears’ is an excellent choice to promote language, literacy and numeracy skills as there are lots of references to mathematical concepts, uses a wide range of language, and is at the right literacy level for children aged 3-5. All the activities I implemented were in line with the ‘Curriculum Framework for Children 3 to 5’ (2001). My mentor recommended some children that would particularly benefit from taking part in the activities; however I did invite all the children to take part in them. First of all I told the children the original story of ‘Goldilocks and the Three Bears’ and then in a group we discussed the characters behaviour and feelings. I then put together a ‘prop box’ – this was a box that contained various objects relating to the story of ‘Goldilocks and the Three Bears’ so they could explore objects and ideas within their own time. It allowed the children to develop their own ideas about the story creatively so that when I asked them to draw me pictures about particular aspects of...
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...E13 Early Childhood Literacy Assignment 04 Modeling, Providing and Facilitating Early Childhood Literacy “Many people believe that children learn to read and write in kindergarten or first grade; however, the foundation for literacy skills is laid years before children enter school. Emergent literacy, much like any other cognitive skill, begins at birth” (Zero to Three, 2014). Because literacy skills begin at birth, it is important that the adults in a child’s life are aware of how they can encourage and further the development of these skills. When working on literacy skills with young children, educators should act as a model, provider and facilitator. It is a common phrase that “children are like sponges,” meaning that children listen and watch everything that we do. What they see and hear from others around them is often portrayed in their play and their vocabulary. For this reason, it is important that teachers model attitudes and behaviors in speaking, listening, writing and reading (Machado, 2015). One way to model literacy with young children is to engage in conversation with them. According to Machado (2015), when adults engage in conversational exchanges with children they provide them with opportunities to draw conclusions, infer cause-and-effect, evaluate consequences, evaluate what is happening and much more. It is easy to respond to children’s comments with “I see” or “Wow, that’s great,” but when adults make these comments it ends the conversation, not encouraging...
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...Early Literacy Ettajane Bechtel Grand Canyon University 1/28/2014 According to Otto (2008) assessment of Kindergarten students can: * Identify skills that need to be taught or reviewed * Monitor student progress * Guide teacher instruction * Demonstrate the instructors effectiveness * Provide instructors with information on how instruction can be improved A male kindergarten student age 5 was evaluated using the Yopp-Singer Test of Phonemic Segmentation, the Phoneme Blending Assessment and the Beginning Sound Assessment designed by Dr. Adria Klein, Professor at CSU San Bernardino. He seemed to be struggling in the kindergarten class, 5 months in, so his grandmother/guardian asked the tutor to assess and instruct him to bring him up to speed. He was anxious to learn as his classmates shunned him and called him dumb. He did not attend pre-kindergarten classes. He achieved a perfect score on the Beginning Sounds and the Phoneme Blending Assessment but only 69% on the Yopp-Singer Test. The result from the Yopp-Singer test shows emerging phonemic awareness. It appears he has trouble with words that have the “th” sound at the beginning of the word, as well as, words with silent “e” at end. He is aware of the silent “e” and gets confused as whether to sound it out or not. Oddly enough...
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...Justice, L. M., Kaderavek, J. N., Fan, X., Sofka, A., & Hunt, A. (2009). Accelerating preschoolers' early literacy development through classroom-based teacher-child storybook reading and explicit print referencing. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 40(1), 67-85. According to my article, print knowledge, which is the understanding of the alphabet, sentence structure, and word spacing, is less heritable compared to math. Therefore, the environment a child is reared in has a lot to do with children and how they do with reading, writing and understanding print knowledge. If a young child falls behind in their print knowledge, it is an indicator for problems that arise later in life, such as illiteracy. If a young child has good print knowledge, then the stage is set for success in their studies as they develop into young adults preparing for college. The purpose of this study was to find out that if preschool teachers read to their class using a print referencing style, meaning emphasis on sentence structure, alphabet, and words, would the children fair better with print knowledge at the end of the school year, compared to the teachers who read books to their classroom in their normal manner. Reading out loud using a print referencing style is not the natural style for most adults. 23 teachers signed up for this trial independently; 14 teachers were instructed to emphasize print knowledge in their classroom, while 9 teachers were instructed to read to their...
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...What is literacy? Maybe one of the most important words in life has a very simple definition. Literacy defined as the ability to read and write. Literacy is important because illiteracy does not just affect those who are illiterate. A person’s quality of life has been shown to be related to an individuals self esteem, confidence and personal empowerment. Literacy helps every aspect of our lives. It can also affect a child’s success in the future. Literate parents are able to actively participate in their children’s education and help their children through school, thus ensuring a future workforce. Increased literacy skills have been shown to strengthen family relationships, improve parenting skills and improve the overall quality of life. Literacy has different components, they are phonological awareness, phonemic awareness, fluency, language, vocabulary, and comprehension. Phonemic awareness is a subset of phonological awareness in which listeners are able to hear, identify and manipulate phonemes, the smallest units of sound that can differentiate meaning. Phonological awareness includes this ability, but it also includes the ability to hear and manipulate larger units off sound, such as onsets and rimes and syllables. Fluency is important because it provides a bridge between word recognition and comprehension. Because fluent readers do not have to concentrate on decoding the words they can focus their attention on what the text means. Vocabulary and language skills are...
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...When thinking about literacy I think it is important to note Literacy is an important topic and this article provided a lot of interesting points about early literacy. One point that was mentioned in the article that I thought was interesting was regarding fluent, legible handwriting. It stated “handwriting speed and legibility, or what some call transcription fluency, predicts everything from a student’t quality and quantity of written compositions to his or her ability to take notes and the scores and grades he or she receives on exams in class.” I immediately thought of my handwriting and how fast I can write, and wondered how it affected me in the upper grades of school and college. The faster you write the more information gets stored...
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...Week #4 Discussion Posts-Shandy Oldenburger I used my student that participates in Early Literacy Alternative Assessment to complete the activities and think about while reading the assigned readings. My student on the Early Literacy Alternative Assessment is a kindergartener. After the readings, I learned that my student would be considered emergent in the area of literacy. The student is at the very beginning stage of literacy, pays little attention during book readings, and has no comprehension of graphics. It is important for familiar texts to read repeatedly and give exposure to various materials dealing with literacy. I started incorporating the use of Tar Heel Reader and electronic books. I love Epic electronic books, which...
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...Kathryn Culpepper Article Review 1 Journal Article Review of The Early Literacy at Preschool Education: The Book or the E-Book? In this day and age, it is important for young children to gain an understanding of early literacy skills, and technology is being used more and more in the classroom to assist with those skills. The issue that was discussed in this article was whether electronic books (E-books) are beneficial in teaching young children early literacy skills compared to books read by a teacher or another person. The article takes results from a previous study that states children benefit more from books read by a teacher or family member and compares those results to other studies that were done. The article describes what E-books are and the features of them that help engage children in reading and how E-books can help develop...
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...In this journal paper, Regtvoort and Van der Leij report the effectiveness of an early home-based computer-assisted literacy instruction in trained and untrained at-risk children in reading impairment, and in not-at-risk children. Children were selected according to their parent’s performance on a screening battery which included two standardized reading fluency measures and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Seventy-three participants were available for data analysis: including 31 children in the training at-risk group (TAR) with the mean age of 5.75 years, 26 in the untrained at-risk group (UTAR) with the mean age of 5.93 years, and 16 in the not-at-risk (NAR) with the mean age of 5.75 years. Most children were pupils of the elementary...
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...In this essay, I will be identifying aspects of how young children become literate and how this knowledge informs teaching. I will be exploring three different topics such as: family literacy, reading development and writing development followed by a personal experience that relates to these topics. What is literacy? Literacy is the ability to read, view, write, design, speak and listen, which lets us communicate well and to make sense of the world. For a child to be successful with their schooling and everyday life, literacy is essential. Family literacy is when adults and children learn together. This is when parents, family and community members make use of literacy at home and in their communities, becoming the children’s ‘first teachers.’ Families must think about how children raised in homes that encourage...
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...average population growth rate of 1.41%, this is a clear indication that this population will increase more with time. When looking at the age structure, people who are 15-64 years old make up 65% of India's population and only 30% being under 15 years of age. This clearly indicates that India is composed of a rather young population. As per the 2011 census, literacy levels stand at around 74.04% and this is a significant progress from the 14.5% rate at the time of India’s independence in 1947, though the census still reveals that the adult literacy rate in India was more than 11% lower than the average World Adult Literacy Rate of 84% (Census of India, 2011c, p.101). Despite major reforms and programs intended to develop the education system, India is still struggling with low rates of illiteracy, especially in the country’s rural parts. Different states have been experiencing different rates of increase in literacy levels, although with very high disparities caused by the different classes of the Indian society. For instance, Kerala and Mizoram states are above the national average at 82.14%, while others like Bihar have a literacy level of about 65.46%...
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...The Night Before An Examination It was the night before my examinations. I was appearing for my matriculation examination, for the third time. Come on, even intelligent people fail their exams too!! It was that “butterflies in stomach” Part-3 once again. Not for me, hah.. am talking about my parents. God knows why they took so much of tension about my exams. I had warned my parents of Diabetes and Ulcers way back, but they would never listen. I even asked them to emulate my carefree attitude when it came to exams, but they were one ignorant lot who would not heed good advice. Anyways, I was cool as a cucumber, because this time I had decided that it would not be the Season Three of some failed daily soap. I had made all fool-proof arrangements to pass this time. My dedication, patience, perseverance and persistence would definitely see me through my exams this time around. Day in and day out, I had sacrificed all my useless activities that kept me unduly busy; computer games, movies, parties, discos.. everything! I gave up everything as soon as the exam time table was announced. All my energy and efforts were now aimed at one single objective: getting the question paper somehow!! Patience is always rewarded, so are genuine efforts and dedication. I was lucky enough to discover a gem of a person in one of my class-mates, whom I revered as my senior, coz he had failed thrice in the same exam. He would have made one hell of a statesman...
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...products but for EasiYo business growth has also been about managing the transition from humble beginnings into a multinational enterprise with a product that relies on strict compliance to high standards of food quality and safety. EasiYo started in the early 1990s as a husband and wife team working from their garage. The business succeeded through research and development, firstly into yoghurt making, then finding the right milk powder and freeze-dried culture to ensure 100 per cent setting of the incubated yoghurt at home. Partnership with the Westland Dairy Company, who purchased the company outright soon after Paul O'Brien took charge, gave EasiYo R&D capacity. Recent growth has been based on marrying corporate management with the strengths inherited from the original family business. Paul joined a company that had grown rapidly with NZ$25 million sales, three quarters from exports, but lacking in the formal management systems to maintain high performance and build a platform for continued growth. Paul's first four days with the company were unusual for a CEO. He spent them working on the shop floor, introduced to the production team as just another recruit. This experience combined with his early period in the manager's office led to two...
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