...The Bible says that this beautiful Earth on which we live was created by God for Adam and Eve to live in and those we are the descendants of Adam and Eve. For centuries many philosophers in the East and in the West including the Greek philosopher Aristotle believed that earth is the centre of this universe. It was left to Galileo, a prominent mathematician of Padua University to announce his discovery on January 17, 1610 that the Earth is a planet just like other planets revolving round the Sun, which is a star. It was also established that the sun due to its gravitational pull attracts all these planets which revolve round it. Apart from the Earth there are some other planets which go round the sun. These planets, however, vary in size and also in their distance from the sun. They have their own orbits, and the period of rotation also varies in each case. Some of these planets have satellites called moons, varying in number. Some do not have any satellites. Normally, if they do not have a counter pull, they should have been dragged into the sun by the gravitational pull. These gravitation pulls of the sun and the counter pulls of the planets are called centrifugal forces. The planets revolve round the sun in their own specific orbits. These planets could be arranged in an order based on their distance from the sun. The nearest to the sun is Mercury and the next is Venus. Third comes the Earth. Later in the same order come Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto...
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...------------------------------------------------- University of Phoenix Material Earth and Earth Materials I Worksheet From Visualizing Earth Science, by Merali, Z., and Skinner, B. J, 2009, Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Copyright 2009 by Wiley. Adapted with permission. Part 1 Complete the WileyPLUS® GeoDiscoveries Earth Drag and Drop from Chapter 1. Label and describe each letter in the space below. A B C D E F G H A. Ocean | B. Continental crust | C. Oceanic crust | D. Solid inner core | E. Liquid outer core | F. Mesosphere | G. Anthenosphere | H. Lithosphere | Part 2 Resources: Minerals Drag and Drop (Chapter 2) Virtual Rock Lab (Chapter 2) * * Complete the following WileyPLUS® GeoDiscoveries and answer the following questions: What is the difference between a rock and a mineral? A mineral is a naturally going on the non-living compound with a unique chemical structure and the physical properties. An the rock is a solid, rocky mass composed of a combination of minerals or other organic complex. 1. 2. What types of tests are used to identify minerals? The type of test that are used to identify a mineral is I think depending on the colour,luster, and the hardness and as well the gravity. Also by the event test the chemical of the mineral they can see what type it is. 3. Part 3 1. Label the part and mineral resource that compose each part of this lightbulb. Refer...
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...University of Phoenix Material Earth and Earth Materials I Worksheet From Visualizing Earth Science, by Merali, Z., and Skinner, B. J, 2009, Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Copyright 2009 by Wiley. Adapted with permission. Part 1 Complete the WileyPLUS® GeoDiscoveries Earth Drag and Drop from Chapter 1. Label and describe each letter in the space below. [pic] |Ocean; Large bodies of water | |Continental crust; Thick part of crust, forms large land masses | |Oceanic crust; Thin part of the Earth’s crust that underlies the ocean basins | |Solid inner core; Hot solid core. Remains solid due to high pressures regardless of heat. | |Liquid outer core | |Mesosphere; Above the atmosphere and below the stratosphere. About 30-50 miles up | |Asthenosphere; Hot, weak, plastic | |Lithosphere; Cool, rigid, brittle ...
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...Earth as a planet Rotation: Provides day & night. Turning of Earth on its axis. 1000 mph at equator. Coriolis: Causes winds to be turned or deflected from their path. Deflection to right in N. hemi. Revolution: Motion of earth along path. Creates years because it takes 365 days to make one. Inclination: The tilt of the earth’s axis. Parallelism: Tendency of earth to always stay parallel and not transform its orbit. Solstices: summer/winter june 21/22 december 21/22 when the sun position of noon sun is at its farthest position from equator 23.5 degrees N/S Equinoxes: spring/autumn march 21/22 septemeber 22/23 when the day is equal (day and night) Analemma: Shows path of noon sun angle throughout months Tropic Cancer: 23.5N Tropic Capricorn 23.5S (Farthest the sun can be away from equator that reaches 90 degrees above earth) Solar Radiation Insolation: Incoming solar radiation. Incoming is shortwave and outgoing is long wave. Duration: the longer the sun is out the more heat will be produced Intensity: angle the sun hits the earth. More intense closer to equator. Atmosphere: Constituents- Nitrogen: 78% Oxygen: 21% Carbon Monoxide: most of the remaining Selective screening: reflection- reflects radiation refraction- changes direction of radiation absorption- absorbs radiation Attenuation: absorb, reflect, refract Elements of weather and climate Temperature: degree of heat...
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...EARTH PERSPECTIVES The biological and geological future of the Earth can be extrapolated based upon the estimated effects of several long-term influences. These include the chemistry at the Earth's surface, the rate of cooling of the planet's interior, the gravitational interactions with other objects in the Solar System, and a steady increase in the Sun's luminosity. An uncertain factor in this extrapolation is the ongoing influence of technology introduced by humans, such as geoengineering, which could cause significant changes to the planet. The current biotic crisis is being caused by technology and the effects may last for up to five million years. In turn, technology may result in the extinction of humanity, leaving the planet to gradually return to a slower evolutionary pace resulting solely from long-term natural processes. Hawking: How Humankind Will Survive the Future Listen, people of Earth: Everything's going to be fine. All we have to do is survive another century or two without self-destructing as a species. Then we'll get off this rock, spread throughout space, and everything will be all right. If this is not your idea of "optimism," then you are not Stephen Hawking. The esteemed physicist garnered headlines, and some eye-rolls, after telling Big Think last week that humanity needs to leave the Earth in the future or face extinction. As The Atlantic noted: He's not knocking climate scientists' attempts to figure things out on Earth-he's just thinking long...
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...LECTURE 2 Earth-Sun Relationships and Illumination of the Globe I. Earth-Sun Relationships: Why we have to understand? Because by understanding earth-sun relationships one will be able to determine the apparent path of the sun in the sky, the angles at which sun's ray (light) strike, the lengths of day and night, and the occurence of seasons. The earth is turning on its axis at the same time that it is moving in a path about the sun, and because the earth's axis is tilted with respect to the plane of its orbit, therefore, it will be much easier for us to view these relationships in 3-dimension, or to view the earth from space. II. Motion of the Earth: Rotation and Revolution A. Rotation: The spinning of the earth on its polar axis. Direction of Rotation: is from west to east (eastward), eastward rotation of the earth. Looking down upon the North Pole - it is counterclockwise rotation; clockwise movement on the South Pole. Time of Rotation: Mean Solar Day - consisting of 24 mean solar hours, it is the average time required for the earth to make one complete turn (rotation) in respect to the sun. Velocity of Rotation: rate of travel of a point on the earth's surface in a circular path due to rotation. Angular velocity (constant on earth) and linear velocity. Equator: 25,000 miles / 24 hrs = 1050 miles / hr 40,000 km/24 hrs = 1700 km/ hr 60 N & S = 525 miles / hr = 850 km / hr 90 N & S = 0 mile / hr We are unaware of this motion because the...
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...deep space. b Humans mine coal. h Continents deflect ocean currents. k Winds generate waves. c Plants release oxygen. n A stream carves a canyon. l Fish live in oceans. e Asteroid impacts Earth. a 2. Describe how the intensity of sunlight (insolation) varies as a function of latitude. Insolation decreases with increased latitude. 3. How does insolation explain why the equator hotter than the poles? The sun shines on the equator 100% of the time. 4. What effect does tilting the Earth’s rotational axis have on the distribution of solar radiation (insolation)? It causes seasons. 5. Why it can be winter in the U.S. when it is summer in Australia? Because of the way the Earth tilts toward the sun. When it is summer in the US, it is winter in Australia. 6. At what latitude are direct rays hitting during each season in the U.S.? Spring Summer Fall Winter 0-23.5N 23.5N-0 0-23.5S 23.5S-0 7. What would happen to temperatures in Australia if Earth’s tilt angle increased during summer in the northern hemisphere and why? It would become much colder in Australia. 8. Compare and contrast compositional and mechanical boundaries in the Earth. The Earth has 3 compositional layers: 1. Crust-composed of silicate rock. There are 2 separate types: continental and oceanic. 2. The mantle: consisting of ultramafic silicate rock which can flow when subjected to long duration...
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...1. Why do you think Jesus calls us the salt of the Earth? I think Jesus calls us the salt of the Earth because we give season to Earth. Jesus call us the salt of the Earth because we all are the same, his disciples and very parts of him, we are the imitations of Christ living in the land, we have his characteristics but we will be the one who will decide of who and how we will be a salt to Earth. We can be a good salt or a bad salt to the Earth. Salt is defined as preservatives, seasoning and can kill bacteria, just like humans, we can be compared to a salt because we can preserve, purify and flavor Earth according to what we wanted. We are called salt because he wants us to permeate and penetrate every level of society and to season this world for him. God is a shaker, we are the one being shake by him as a salt, are you the one sitting or being shaked? Being shaken by God is the salt who are cooperating, purifying and seasoning the Earth to add important flavor to be better and get better, and to preserve Earth. While the ones who is sitting are the ones who have not he interest on cooperating in shaking of salt for the better. Have you lost your saltiness or are you living as the salt of the Earth? I’m living as the salt of the Earth, how about you? 2. How can you serve as 'salt'? A. In School : I can serve as a salt, as being a good student and do good deeds for my school. As a salt of my school, I will do good things and cooperate on giving it’s saltiness...
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...What is the differnce between earth science and biology? earth science is rocks minerals and the study of the earthen sphere and all that make it. biology is about organic compounds and anything living (bio) that has home on it. Why is it important to study Earth Science? Because we find out about the earth and its environment from the books. How the environment affected the people on earth and what precautions should we adopt so we can get along with it. It also is important because you get to know more about your earth. The simple answer is, because it's awesome. Otherwise, Earth Science is very important in understanding how our world works. It has many different applications, from oil and mining, to waterways and seas, to understanding Earth History, and to engineering and building, as well as many others. Because you want to know about the Earth? Or because you think that the qualification will help you to get the type of job that you want. SO we can make good predictions an be prepared what can happen in the future. One example of a bad prediction is 2012. 1st. the myians never predicted that. 2nd. My dad talked to a scientist about it and he said everyone that's saying different ways that other people said the world is going to end is fake. so we will know that earth science is literacy of critical importance to our nature. SO we can make good predictions an be prepared what can happen in the future. One example of a bad prediction is 2012. 1st. the...
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...Pole to Pole I came to know how the power of sun drives our world’s climate and the life giving cycle of water. How animals adapt to the climate of planet earth. Also learned about the climate zones and how the sun shapes the earth’s climate as a whole. The animals shown in the film adapt to their environment depend on many things like the animals that live in the severe cold weather (very low temperature) such as polar bears and caribou have thick furs. The caribou specifically has hollow winter hair and the polar bear has many layers including fur which helps them stay warm in the cold climate in which they live in. Amur leopard also lives in cold weather but they do not have fur as thick as the polar bears. Another animal that lives in such a severe cold weather are penguins, since they live more together in groups, they densely pack themselves together to keep warm. This happens by the body temperature that radiates out of a penguin and helps warm another. On the other hand, the animals that live in the rainforest live a life without much difficulty because there is a lot of rain falling, which helps grow plants and once those plants are eaten by herbivores, then the carnivores have something big and healthy to eat. Moreover, the rain is the ultimate reason for the animals living in the rainforest to survive easily compare to the animals living in the severe cold weather. As the availability of food, water and a habitat become accessible in the rainforest for them to live...
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...Earch World Religions ROIVAS’S PILGRAMIAGE TO EARTH ------------------------------------------------- Integrity is generally defined as the adherence to moral and ethical principles; soundness of moral character; honesty. This is the primary belief by which the inhabitants of planet Roivas live. They worship one deity, Halla and follow the principles of life as chronicled in their holy book- the Sadev. Roivasians are beings of various races that live modest lifestyles and have a strong sense of community. Although most of them are natives of Roivas, there is a large, rapidly growing population of immigrants from other worlds who came to Roivas seeking a life of equality, health, and harmony. On Roivas there is no crime, pollution or disease. The planet and all of its resources are sacred. The people are happy and healthy. There is only one religion practiced on Roivas. People called tehporps are used as vessels by Halla to interpret and share the principles of the Sadev with the masses. On Roivas, there are also people known as selpicsids who are scholars of the Sadev who assist the telporps as needed. ------------------------------------------------- Because of the rapid population growth on Roivas, it was decided that explorations to other worlds would be necessary to identify places to expand the Roivasian culture. One team consisting of a tehporp, named Dercas and 12 selpicsids was assembled to journey to earth to evaluate the culture and climate of the planet...
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...THE LUNGS OF THE EARTH I Introduction : Forests are the lungs of the earth. Thus, we can see the importance of forest towards the living things as the forest contribute in supplying most of their needs, maintaining the world climate, and preventing catastrophic consequences to the environment. II Body : A. Forest and all living things complement each other as forests is important in supplying the needs of life. 1. Forest will produce oxygen and absorb the carbon dioxide. a) Oxygen released by the trees in the forest is the chemical gas that are very important to human and animal life.(Chrisz,2006) b) Trees absorb carbon dioxide in the air and replaced it with clean air to remove toxic gases that facilitate human and animal respiration. 2. Supply various kind of food. a) Forests serves as the largest supplier of food and herbal plants that are important to humans, animals and in the medical field.(Chinery,2001) 3. Provides different kind of wood for many purposes. a) Wood being used as fuel because it creates less smoke and burns longer. b) Teak wood is used as house building materials as well as in the furniture industry.(Col,2006) B. Another importance is in maintaining the world climate. 1. Decreased the thinning of ozone layers. a) Oxygen from trees is the main part of ozone creation that will protect earth from sunlight radiation and meteors fall.(Silverswan,2010) 2...
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...Humans often wonder what their obligations are and what they owe their fellow man. There are many answers to this inquiry, as there are many things we owe to each other as human beings. Every human being has an obligation to care for our planet Earth. We owe it to our predecessors as well as our future generations to protect and preserve the planet. We owe protection to the Earth for providing us with abundant resources and allowing us to inhabit it. In Recent years, humans’ negative effects on the Earth have become more evident. Pollution is slowly rotting away the protective ozone layer, causing ice caps to melt and the water levels to increase. The animal population suffers because of over-hunting, poaching and the destruction of habitats. Humans are taking advantage of the planet Earth, and our careless ways are slowly destroying this beautiful planet on which we live. The animals with which we share this planet are facing the brunt of our mistreatment of the Earth. The Endangered Species list is growing at an alarming pace, and no region is safe. “One in four mammals is threatened with extinction” (Rogers, EarthFirst) In Africa, elephants are being hunted for ivory and lions are being hit by cars on roads going through their habitats. The alligator population of the Florida Everglades is dwindling due to habitat destruction and the penguins of Antarctica are now endangered due to careless human mistakes such as oil spills. Most of this peril is due to the destruction...
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...Lecture note 1 Earth Science is the study of the Earth and its neighbors in space the four basic areas of Earth science study are: geology, meteorology, oceanography and astronomy. Geology deals with the composition of Earth materials, Earth structures, and Earth processes. It is also concerned with the organisms of the planet and how the planet has changed over time. Geologists search for fuels and minerals, study natural hazards, and work to protect Earth's environment Meteorology is the study of the atmosphere and how processes in the atmosphere determine Earth's weather and climate Oceanography is the study of Earth's oceans - their composition, movement, organisms and processes. Astronomy is the study of the universe Lecture note 2. Earth in the Universe According to the Big Bang theory, the universe began about 13.7 billion years ago, when everything in the universe was squeezed into a very small volume, as described above. There was an enormous explosion—a big bang—which caused the universe to start expanding rapidly. All the matter and energy in the universe—and even space itself—came out of this explosion. some stars are actually grouped closely together in space. These small groups of stars are called star systems and larger groups of hundreds or thousands of stars are called star clusters. The biggest groups of stars are called galaxies. Galaxies are divided into three types according to shape: spiral galaxies, elliptical galaxies, and irregular galaxies ...
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...Earth Science In my personal observation if you truly want to learn about science visit this section. There are so many things to learn in his one section that is hard to explain. I will start off by talking about mineral. Minerals are substances that occur naturally in the earth, are formed by physical (not biological) methods, and have characteristic chemical composition, physical properties and crystalline structures (though not necessarily visible crystals). Classification of Minerals are antimonates, vanadium oxysalts, tungstates amd molybdates, silicates, phosphates, arsenates, and vanadates, sulfosalts, halides, sulfates and chromates sulfides, carbonates, borates, nitrates and iodates. An element is a substance made of only one kind of atom. Among the over one-hundred known elements only about twenty are found not combined with other elements. Rocks are composed of one or more minerals. While a mineral is the same throughout, a rock is a mix, and can vary from part to part. Minerals form a variety of crystals like monoclinic, tetragonal, triclinic, hexagonal, isometric, orthorhombic system. Types of meteorites stony meterorites are made mostly of silicated minerals such as olivine and pyroxene (most common). Stony-iron meteorites are made of about equal amounts of silicate minerals and metal (least common). Iron- metorites are made almost entirely of metal-iron, nickel and cobalt (heavy metal). Meteorites come from out in space. Most meteorite are stony and...
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