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Ecology Final Exam Paper

Submitted By
Words 625
Pages 3
Aun Younis
Ecosystems Ecology
Fall 2014
Final Exam

1. A. Discuss two sources of ecosystem acidity in Pennsylvania associated with human activities. Note the associated ecosystem and community effects, mechanisms of these effects, and how acidity changes with acid neutralizing capacity or buffering of some environments vs. others.
B. How are these sources related to one another, i.e. what is the root societal practice that has resulted in these sources of acidity?
C. What other environmental and human health issues are related to this societal use or practice?

The main sources of acidity in Pennsylvania are:
1. Acid mine drainage.
2. Acid rain.

1. Acid Mine Drainage (AMD):
It is also identified as acid rock drainage (ARD). The acidic outflow comes from mine waste rock, tailings, and other mine structures. It happens when metal sulfides (primarily pyrite (FeS2)) are oxidized by water and oxygen. The metal sulfides are oxidized to release H+ ions and sulfuric acid …show more content…
It is a natural weathering process however is seriously accelerated by mining and other activities, such as construction. The US Forest Services estimate 20,000-50,000 mines are presently producing acid. Roughly 20,000 km of streams are affected by this acid, with 90% coming from abandoned mines.
Factors that determining formation of acid mine drainage are vary from mine to

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