...Effects of Social Media in Cross Cultural Marketing Studying the Case of Cross-Cultural Management Shaima Alwardi Table of Contents 1. Title ........................................................................................................................................ 3 2. Background ............................................................................................................................ 4 3. Presentation and Critical Review of the Literature and Theories used .................................... 6 4. Project Proposal and Objectives ...........................................................................................11 5. Research Plan and Methodology ..........................................................................................13 6. Empirical Facts and Finding ..................................................................................................17 7. Analysis and Discussion........................................................................................................18 8. Overall Conclusion ................................................................................................................21 Reference .................................................................................................................................23 Appendix ...................................................................................................................................25 Effects of Social...
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...Ethical Issues with Digital Media Introduction Ethics in digital media involves the moral problem that is associated with the adoption of new communication technologies in daily activities. New advancement of technology has resulted in different techniques that have altered the manner in which business and other activities are undertaken in the world. Examples of digital media are online journalism, blogging sites, and social media. The major concern in the ethics of digital media is the effect of information that is transmitted through these channels. Ordinarily, the role of digital media is to act as a medium of communication. However, in the case that the accuracy of the information is not controlled, it can lead to various impacts to the society. The digital media played a very significant role in the financial crisis through the spread of information. As such, this paper analyses digital media ethics in relation to the global financial crisis and its effects to the society. The World Financial Crisis The global economic crisis has caused many problems nearly to all the sectors of the economy in the world. Many countries have suffered deep in their growth domestic product while recession has a common experience all over the world. The severity of the crisis has persisted to the recent times, but this can be attributed to the debts incurred by some developed economies like Greece even after strong support from other countries. As a result, the world’s financial system...
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...Theories of Communication – MCM 511 VU LESSON 01 COMMUNICATION Defining communication Communication is seen as central to our everyday ideas about what makes life worth living. It is not surprising that academicians have attempted to unravel the secrets of the communication process. In this section of the study we will examine the theorizing and theories of this discipline of communication. To understand communication theory we need to understand the nature of communication. Nature of communication People define terms in different ways, and those differences in definition can have a profound impact on the extent to which we understand each other and the way we move forward with both academic and everyday pursuits. Given the variety of ways in which words are used and understood, we are often ill-served to search for the single, so-called correct definition of a term. In other words, it is better to evaluate definition in terms of their utility rather than in terms of their correctness. So we should not assume that there is always a single right way to define a concept. There is a great deal of variation in the definitions. Some are very abstract and some are extremely specific. Few definitions are cited below. Communication is the process by which an individual (the communicator) transmits stimuli (usually verbal) to modify the behavior of other individuals (the audience). (Hovland Janis and Kelly in 1953) Communication is the process by which we understand others and in turn...
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...The media provide access to and construct social problems for large numbers of audiences throughout the world and in turn themselves have become a social problem in view of their multiple and complex effects, many negative. The media have been blamed by a wide spectrum of theorists and critics for promoting violence and sexism, racism, homophobia, ageism, and other oppressive social phenomena. Social problems connected with the media also involve allegedly harmful media influence on children and youth; pornography and the degradation of women and sexuality; advertising manipulation; and the promotion of excessive consumerism and materialism. Empirical research on media effects into these areas has been mixed and highly contested. Many studies have affirmed that media have negative social effects and help reproduce a number of social problems, while other studies assert skepticism toward claims of negative media effects or attempt to confirm positive aspects of the media. 1 Empirical studies are often funded by institutions who have interests in escaping or deflecting criticism, or they are constrained by bias and limitations of various kinds. Yet dominant theories of the media are equally contested on whether the media promote serious social problems or have a more benign influence. Conflicting theories and research into media effects have intensified debates throughout the world about media as a social problem. Research into media effects and linking the media...
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...Design of a Social Media Manager As the Internet continues to manifest itself into the central platform for a vast majority of retailers, the need for a well-versed marketing manager has developed a new target: social media. These new outlets can determine either marketing success or a quick marketing suicide if the correct individuals are not in place to manage and maintain the company accounts in the most respectable manner. It would be of the highest regard for a company to acquire an individual who emanated a legally sound capability to run these accounts. With the development of environments like SnapChat, Twitter, or Tumblr, seemingly limited but socially fruitful social media platforms, there begs a need for someone who is well versed in the legal necessities of mass marketing in a direct-to-the-consumer environment. Being able to push an advertisement quickly to an individual’s phone or tablet would potentially make for a very rapid sales environment on the front end. However, the legal ramifications of a misinterpreted ad, poor market analysis, or violating some level of privacy would require a more proactive approach to the potential legal issues caused by this form of placement. This can all be solved by having someone who is not only legal-minded, but able to function as the point of human interface for a corporation, bringing in a more personal feel to a brand (Denmark, 2013). The entire scope of social media requires an individual who can make the best case...
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...Shannon model and social model Look at the message itself and think about the idea in message itself. How message is constructed? How media content constructed? Talking about process… process can be also of : “Signification” - The process of creating “signs” – (anything that you can read meaning into) Semiology or semiotics: the study of signs and sign systems(understanding of sign) |Signifier what we see |Signified what is in our head | |Sign anything we can make meaning of | Words are also signs The thing you see (hear, feel, etc.) – signifier -- and what the thing you see (hear, feel, etc.) stands for -- signified; (also “referent”) 3 kinds of signs (multiple choice test) Icon: looks like the thing (photo, map) apple Index(indicates): associated with its object (smoke indicates fire, animal droppings) tree Symbol: arbitrary/abstract relationship (language) Collection of signifiers is: Text: Any collection of signs from which meaning is made. (Book, TV show, film, radio, sky, map, etc.) Any collection of sign, which has meaning Mix and match signifiers to create signs with new/different meaning (e.g. underwear; beer ad) signifies bad prostate treatment. Underwear signifies good treatment of prostate. Women wearing beer bottle cloths signify that it was very sexist ad and deliver message that women can be consumed. What flag signify: flag of US signifies corporate companies. Show America is about...
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...Product Placement in Movies and Mass Media Teresa Brasaemle ENG 122 Instructor Cathy Wilson November 09, 2013 Product Placement in Movies and the Mass Media Over time, product placement has occurred in the movies and mass media. From the silent films of the early 1900s to modern day talkie movies, product placement has served as a gravitational pull for consumers, even though it is uncanny how subliminal advertising makes adults and young people spend money they do not have. There are three key elements to consider when discussing product placement in movies or the mainstream media, namely the economic effects on individuals, the social impacts, and the psychological ramifications. First, the economic effects include having to purchase a particular product that has been seen in a given movie. Such products range from Apple computers to clothing, makeup, and popular music. These products are so conveniently placed in movies that they feed one’s hunger in a manner of speaking, which leads to a subliminal message given off during a movie one is watching. What is even worse is that consumers feel compelled to purchase. As stated,” When it works, subliminal advertising does so by affecting the consumer—member of audience—subconscious attitude toward received material in a movie or TV drama, towards the product in the movie or TV drama.” (Ming-tiem, Wen-ko, Mei-Ling, 2007, p.3) Second, the social impacts are mind-boggling. This is where the trends begin; it is not...
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...Running Head: Mass Media in Elections Mass Media’s Affect on Voting Trends Arthur Gibford California State University California In today’s world, the news media reaches and affects every person in the United States. The question now is does mass media such as newspapers, television, and the internet affect the voting trends of the voters? The ownership of the media (Djankov, Nenova, McLiesh, & Shleifer, 2003), targeting specific demographics (Clinton & Lapinski, 2004), the implications of the internet (DiMaggio, Hargittai, Neuman, & Robinson, 2003) and how candidates use media (Aarts & Semetko, 2003) are all important aspects in determining whether a potential bias exists (Eveland & Shah, 2003) on the part of the news media. It is hypothesized that when the mass media displays certain biases leaning towards one party over the other, the populace tends to vote in the direction of the media. The following five scholarly literature reviews will attempt to demonstrate and support the hypothesis. According to Eveland and Shah (Eveland & Shah, 2003, p. 101)there is “a large percentage of the public (that) believes that the news media are biased, and the majority of these individuals consider the direction of bias to be against their own viewpoint”. This drives the question this paper attempts to answer. This article looks at media’s credibility and integrity in the eyes of individual people. The author’s give several hypothesis to provide multiple...
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...T205: Introduction to Media and Society Exam 1: Study guide Week 1: Introduction to Media and Society 1. (a) Can you describe the information problem that we are facing? (b) What is automaticity? (c) How did automaticity develop in society? (d) What are the advantages and disadvantages of automaticity? (e) When do we consciously process information that is derived from the media? (f) How do advertisers and producers try to get around automaticity? 2. (a) What are the two ways we use the media? Which of these uses is more common? (b) What is the difference between automaticity and ritualistic media consumption? (c) How does our ritualistic use of media affect the way broadcasting is scheduled? How does the concept of inertia in viewing fit into those scheduling decisions? 3. (a) What is media literacy? (b) What are the three building blocks of media literacy? (c) What are the skills that media literacy requires? (d) What are the advantages of developing a higher degree of media literacy? Week 2: Media Audiences 1. (a) What are the three information-processing tasks in which we are constantly engaged? (b) How can these information-processing tasks be developed? (c) What is the difference between exposure and attention? (d) In what four states do people process media messages? Be able to explain each. 2. (a) What is the difference between subliminal and automatic processing? (b) Are we influenced by subliminal content? Why or why not? (c) Are...
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...1 | P a g e Promoting Small Businesses through Using Social Media Abstract This research is an examination of how small businesses promoting their businesses through using social media. Now a day’s people are more dependent on social networking sites. People specially the young spent most of their times in the social media. At present the social media is not only the place of time pass, but also the place where, care and share out life style. Small businesses generate businesses through social networking sites where members share stories and recommend products and services. Social media gives small businesses a platform to increase their voice and visibility among prospective customers. For many small businesses, this is a big opportunity, to enhance their businesses. This research try to find to examine some key areas of social media and small businesses: Promotion structure, Development, Platform, Effects of using social media, why social media works better for small businesses, Social media usage, Social media adaption. Introduction Media is an instrument on communication, like a newspaper or a radio, so social media would be a social instrument of communication. Social media consists of the effort to use social media to influence consumers that one's company, products or services are valuable. Businesses use social media, because they want to sell their products or services to others. Social media is a type of marketing that many small businesses could...
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...4.Examples from Islamic History 5. Misunderstaing of Islam • False media projection 6.How to remove false misperception • Mass awareness • Reconstructing OIC Terrorism past & Present Scenario 1. Terrorism as a Religious Imperative 2. Trends in Terrorism 3. The Future Terrorist Threat Pakistan’s role in the war on Terror 1. Wazirastan 2. Actions 3. Effect of Pakistan role in war • On international level • Within Pakistan • Western involvement in terrorism in Pakistan 4. Future concern Causes of Terrorism 1. Social and political injustice 2. Psychological Causes of Terrorism, Violence and Extremism 3. Educational Causes of Terrorism and Extremism 4. Rapid modernization and urbanization 5. Discrimination on the basis of ethnic or religious 6. Repression by foreign occupation or colonial powers 7. Historical antecedents of political violence 8. Poverty & Economic deprivation 9. Undemocratic Governments 10. Free flow of weapons 11. Indoctrination 12. Hopelessness 13. Charities that Aren't Charities/ Business Terrorism 14. Training of non-military personnel Effects of Terrorism 1. Political Instability 2. Psychological problems 3. Social problem 4. Poverty 5. Unemployment 6. Backwardness & Illiteracy 7. Lack of Social Safety Network 8. Inflation 9. Economical Drop down • Direct economic impact of terrorist attack • Economic Impact on Financial Markets • Economic Impact of Defense and Homeland Security...
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...English 1101 27 November 2013 Impacts of Social Networking: Good or Bad? In recent years, social networking has emerged as a new resource for people to connect socially. These social networking sites have made it possible for people, who share the same interest without boundaries, to connect by eliminating political, economic, and geographic borders. Society as a whole must come to realize that although social networking has many benefits as a new way to communicate, it can be exploited and will, in turn, have negative results. Users must be cognizant of the dangers and should be able to identify so that social networking is working effectively for them. Social networking sites group people together into specific groups much like a small community of people. They allow freedom to communicate with all types of people from around the world and with people of whom they normally would not interact. Social sites help friends and family stay in communication with each other via online updates regarding their lives, photo uploads, and video uploads. They have truly introduced a new world to people by allowing consistent and constant communication with one another. On the other hand, these sites detract from live social interactions and have caused people to spend large amounts of time misusing them. Therefore, society must more closely examine the benefits of social networking sites and gain an understanding of how to use these sites effectively. A recent study conducted...
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...within the industry, from music, to sport, to dance, to gaming. Each one can be categorised in a different way depending on their scale and form. The three main sectors that a festival will fit into are the government, community and corporate sectors. This essay will explore the differences between each sector and the sub sectors within each one. The large variety of stakeholders that are involved in events will be explored as well as their relevance to the different sectors. Social and economic impacts of festivals are vast and limitless; this essay will establish some of the effects that a festival has, both positive and negative. The biggest of the sectors within the festival industry is the government sector; corporations within this sector primarily create events for social, cultural, economic and tourism causes. The government sector mainly creates mega events; these are defined by Getz (2005) as ‘must see’ events that yield extraordinarily high levels of tourism, media coverage, prestige and high economic impact for the host community. Examples of such events are the London 2012 Olympic Games, the Millennium celebrations and the Queen’s Golden Jubilee; seemingly government sector events are those that are aimed at the general public and will often combine the celebration of a significant national anniversaries and events. Silvers (2004a) defines government and civic events as those that are comprised by or for political parties, communities, or municipal or national government...
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...The Impact of Social Media use on Academic Performance at one Urban University: A Pilot Study Sam Mozee, MPPA Mississippi Urban Research Center Abstract. The purpose of this study was to begin exploring the possible impact of social media use on the academic performance of students attending one urban university. The study's primary goal is to identify key themes, trends, and/or perceptions that can be used as a foundation for more in-depth empirical research, and can be used to develop policy recommendations to deal with this growing phenomenon. A qualitative research design was used, and three preliminary research questions were formed to guide this study: (1) How common is the use of social media (i.e., Facebook, MySpace, Twitter, and LinkIn) among college students? (2) For those students who do utilize social networking sites, on average how much time do they spend on those sites collectively per day and/or per week? and (3) How does the academic performance of students compare between students who utilize social media sites and students who do not use social media sites? Findings from this study seem to confirm perceptions of high student usage of social media among college students; however, they also seem to contradict other research literature findings regarding intensity of usage and gender-usage inclinations. Introduction Recently, there has been considerable discussion regarding the frequent use of social media tools (e.g., Facebook, MySpace, Twitter, Xanga, Friendster)...
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...child abuse, and gangs has increased dramatically because of the role media fills. We are bombarded daily with reports on television, radio, newspapers, and the Internet with the fact that we are all vulnerable to acts of violence. “Tahlequah Man Jailed for Attempted Stabbings.” (Newton, 2A) “Jury Finds Tulsa Man Guilty in Connection with 2012 Homicide, Robbery.” (Vincent, Crimewatch) These are just two of the articles in one day’s newspaper in a very small area of America. Why are the papers reporting so much violence? Violence exists in America. Is media reporting causing the violence? What is the effect of that violence on American Society? How can we reduce violence? Many causes of violence have been reported and studied so it cannot be said that the media is entirely to blame but many studies show that viewing the violence that is reported is definitely one of the causes of violence. According to a study by Bruce, Clark and Maria Glymour published in American Science, there is a causal connection between exposure to television violence and adult aggression. They do not limit the connection to fiction on television but also include news reporting. This study strongly suggests that the very media reporting of the violence is one of the major causes of the violence. (132) Media violence researchers have concluded that there are several ways media violence influences a young person's behavior. Passive media violence affects a young person through exposure to television violence...
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