...CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background To The Study The financial system is created to move funds from surplus economic units to deficit economic units in order to produce goods and services and to make investment in new equipment and facilities so as to facilitate the growth of the economy and improve the standard of living of its citizens. It is generally recognized that financial system plays a catalytic role in the process of economic development. The financial system of any nation is a function of the size of its economy. A growing economy places more responsibilities on the financial sector to mobilize the needed capital to facilitate production, generate employment and income. An economy that does not experience growth on sustained basis is likely to have a very passive financial sector as there are no incentives for investment. Through the process of growth, financial system offers a wide range of portfolio options for savers and issuable instruments for investors, a function often referred to as financial intermediation (Oke, 2000). The Nigerian financial system comprises of various institutions, markets and operations that are in the business of providing financial services. These institutions can be broadly categorized into money and capital markets. While money market is a market in which short term financial instruments are traded, the capital market on the other hand deals with long term transactions. The major players in the money market are the banks and discount...
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...European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences ISSN 1450-2887 Issue 17 (2009) © EuroJournals, Inc. 2009 http://www.eurojournals.com A Synthesis of the Critical Factors Affecting Performance of the Nigerian Banking System Godwin Chigozie Okpara Department of Banking and Finance, Abia State University, Uturu E-mail godgozie@yahoo.com Abstract This paper is set out to determine the factors impacting most on the performance of the banking system in Nigeria. To do this, factor analysis technique was used on the factors identified by the collaborative study of the CBN/NDIC. The result revealed that factors such as undue interference from board members, political crises, undercapitalization and fraudulent practices are the most critical factors inhibiting the efficient performance of the Nigerian financial institutions. The author therefore contends that the just concluded N25billion recapitalization exercise of the central bank was a necessary but not a sufficient measure in the right direction. The sufficient measure must be one that controls all the identified critical factors at the same time. 1.0. Introduction Banks in most economies are the principal depositories of the public's financial savings, the nerve centre of the payment system, the vessel endowed with the ability of money creation and allocation of financial resources and conduit through which monetary and credit policies are implemented. The success of monetary policy, to a large extent, depends...
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...“Conversion of Community Banks to Microfinance Banks will enhance the assessment of women entrepreneurs to financial resources”. Discuss Evaluate the impact of SEEDS in the implementation of MDGs in Nigeria Analyze the impact of Globalization on the economic Development of Nigeria The incidence of the Niger Delta militants groups and its consequences to entrepreneurial development in Nigeria Evaluate the power, composition and functions of NDDC Assess the impact of the multinationals in the Nigerian Economy with regard to FDI and FPI Youths and entrepreneurial Development: Realty or Myth Evaluate the implementation of MDGs and the realization of the objectives by 2015. The effect of entrepreneurial development on poverty reduction The impact of privatization on Nigerian economic development and growth. Evaluate the impact of different reforms in the Nigerian reforms on the Nigeria economy. Women entrepreneurial development (WED) and poverty: what a paradox The impact of women entrepreneurs in SMEs on poverty alleviation Evaluate the cultural factors in Nigeria and entrepreneurial development. Evaluate the financial factors in Nigeria and entrepreneurial development. Evaluate the environmental factors in Nigeria and entrepreneurial development. Gender, entrepreneurship and globalization: Barriers and prospects. Intrapreneurship and achievement of organizational objectives Evaluate intrapreneurship as a motivational concept in an organization Assess the...
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...December, 2009 Appraisal of Capital Market Efficiency on Economic Growth in Nigeria Sunday O. E. Ewah, Atim E. Esang & Jude U. Bassey Faculty of Management Sciences, Cross River University of Technology Ogoja Campus, Nigeria Tel: 80-5901-4300 Abstract E-mail: soniewah@yahoo.com The paper is an appraisal of the impact of capital market efficiency on economic growth in Nigeria, using time series data on market capitalization, money supply, interest rate, total market transaction and government development stock that ranges between 1961 to 2004. The model specification for the analysis of data is multiple regression and ordinary lest squares estimation techniques. The result of the study shows that the capital market in Nigeria has the potentials of growth inducing, but it has not contributed meaningfully to the economic growth of Nigeria. This is as a result of low market capitalization, low absorptive capitalization, illiquidity, misappropriation of funds among others. The empirical test indicates that, these variables satisfied the economic apriori and are statistically significant except total transactions and money. Thus it was concluded and recommended that, the capital market remain one of the mainstream in every economy that has the power to influence economic growth, hence the organize private sector is encourage to invest in it. This will enable the capital market improve its illiquidity status for economic growth and development. Therefore the government must contribute...
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...The sector was characterized by small sized banks with high overheads; low capital base averaging less than $10million; heavy reliance on government patronage and loss making. Nigeria’s banking sector was still characterized by a high degree of fragmentation and low levels of financial intermediation up until 2004. In the light of the foregoing, banks are compelled by the Central Bank of Nigeria to raise their capital base from N2 billion to 25 billion on or before 31st December, 2005. Most banks resorted to mergers and acquisition as a survival strategy, which saw a reduction in the number of banks from 89 to 25. This study contributes to the concept of bank recapitalization by critically examining the impact of bank consolidation on the performance of banks using a sample of randomly selected Nigerian banks. It is the intention of the researcher to give more validity to empirical evidence that have been obtained by previous researchers on the subject matter. Relevance of the study The earliest set of studies evaluates the effects of bank consolidation through mergers and acquisitions comparing pre- and post- merger performance by measuring performance using either accounting or productive efficiency indicators.The results from both indicators have varied and at sometimes been contradictory. This can be explained by performance-influencing variables like size, brand name, diversification and cost reduction, there is still no reconciliation between these indicators. I intend...
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...BACKGROUND OF STUDY Nigeria banking sector has experienced a boom-and-burst cycle in the past 20-25 years. After the implementation of the structural adjustment programme (SAP) in 1986 and de-regulation of the financial sector, new banks proliferated mainly driven by attractive arbitrage opportunities in the foreign exchange market (Heiko 2007), but prior to the de-regulation period, financial intermediation never took off and even declined in the1980’s and 1990’s (Capirio and Kligbiel). The sector was highly oligopolistic with remarkable features of market concentration and leadership. Lemo noted that there are ten banks that control more than 50% of the aggregate assets of the banking sector, more than 51% of the aggregate deposits liabilities and more than 45%of the aggregate credits. The sector was characterized by small scale banks with high overheads; low capital base averaging less than $10 million; heavy reliance on the government patronage and loss making. Nigeria‘s banking sector was still characterized by a high degree of fragmentation and low level of financial intermediation up to 2004. This research work is motivated by the need to look into the Central bank (CBN)’s recent reform (consolidation) that employed certain measures to strengthen the Nigeria banking system by drastically increasing the minimum capital requirement from N2 million to N25 billion ($190 million-US). Through review of relevant literatures, analysis of policy documents, official...
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...IMICRO-FINANCE OF MOBILE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN NIGERIA: AN ANALYSIS OF SELECTED CASE STUDIES IN BENIN CITY BY DADA ADEYINKA PSC0709051 DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION FACULTY OF management SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF BENIN BENIN CITY. DECEMBER, 2015. MICRO-FINANCE OF MOBILE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN NIGERIA: AN ANALYSIS OF SELECTED CASE STUDIES IN BENIN CITY BY GLORY PSC0709051 IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (B.SC) DEGREE IN POLITICAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF BENIN DECEMBER, 2015. CERTIFICATION This is to certify that the exercise here by described in the research work was carried out behind the Faculty of Physical Science, University of Benin, under my supervisor. ____________________ ____________________ Dr. B.E. Iyorzor Date Project Supervisor ____________________ ____________________ Dr. E.O Aiyohuyin Date Head of Department DEDICATION I dedicate this project to Almighty God who has always giving me the grace and privilege financially and otherwise to do this project and to my lovely family, who gave me moral courage in the cost of writing this project. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This completion of this work would not have been possible if not for the support which I received from many people. My thanks...
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...CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY For decades now, Nigeria has been experiencing disappointing performance in terms of growth in gross domestic product (GDP) and the general development of her economy. As a result, there’s no improvement in the level of poverty. In the 90s, came the era of globalization which connotes external opening and increased role of markets domestically (i.e. the market economy). To the developing world, market economy is a modern way of turning the economy around. The essence of globalization is to move the economy towards external liberation, focusing on market oriented economic system, export-led strategy and stabilization of the economy. In Nigeria, it was the era of structural adjustment programme in collaboration with the IMF and World Bank. The governments in the developing world, believes that it is more desirable to globalize which simply means to open up the economy and penetrate international markets. In time past, the world economy has undergone a fundamental shift towards an integrated and coordinated global division of labour in production and trade. In the 1950s and 1960s, productions were within national boundaries. The increase of oil prices in the late 1970s and the contractionary monetary policies of the United States during 1979 and 1982 period led to the increased interest rates and consequently indebted developing countries found they unable to service their debts. Continual refinancing was the only...
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...THE EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF IMPACT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA BY OKUNLOLA TUNDE S. MATRIC NO: 139191 September 2011 Being research work submitted to Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ibadan, in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Bachelor of Science (B.Sc) in Economics CERCTIFICATION I hereby certify that this work was carried out by OKUNLOLA TUNDE S. of Matric No 139191 in the Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ibadan. …………………………………. ……………………………… Date Dr. B. Fowowe Supervisor DEDICATION My sole dedication goes to God almighty whose mercy has never ceased in changing me despite all odds, whose boundless love and vast grace is bringing to pass my childhood dreams and fantasies. ACKNOWLEDGMENT My deepest gratitude goes to my parents who always, tirelessly and sacrificially support me, trust me, care for me and love me despite all my short comings and even when it so difficult. May the lord reward you abundantly. And also to my supervisor, Dr. B. Fowowe, I say thank...
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...Plc Table of Contents 1.0 : Introduction 3 2.0 PEST Analysis 4 2: 1 Market Evaluation 6 3.0 Product Development 9 4. 0. Marketing Mix 11 4.2 Targeting 14 4.3 Positioning 14 4.0 Conclusions 14 1.0 : Introduction Zenith Bank Nigeria Plc was founded in May 1990 with the headquarters in Victoria Island, Lagos State Nigeria under the management of Macaulay Pepple, who was the pioneer chairman and Jim Ovia, who was the chief executive officer (ZenithBank.com). However, they are rated the second biggest Finance Industry in Nigeria and the best bank for a consistent 2 year period from 2008-2010 as well as the most respected bank in Nigeria (ZenithBank.com). Since 1990, Zenith Bank has operated in Nigeria and now operates in five other African countries in addition to the United Kingdom. It offers varied financial services such as current account, savings, commercial letter of credit, credit cards, mortgage, loan,investment banking and other financial products and services (ZenithBank.com). For several years, Zenith Bank has consistently announced profits from its wide ranging operations as a result of the growing opportunity offered by the Nigerian market. Nigeria is a nation of 150 million people with less than 50% bankable population as of 2000 (CBN, 2010). In 2010, over 65% of the population have become customers to one bank or another, thus presenting a growth opportunity for financial institutions such as Zenith (naijalowa.com). While the Nigerian...
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...from the shackles of ‘colonialism’ (British control) the oil rich Nigeria got her independence in 1960. Having being plagued by political instability, the negative impact of a prolonged military rule, corruption, unemployment, inadequate infrastructure and poor macroeconomic management for a long period of time, the nation currently undertakes certain reforms under a new reform minded administration. Prior to the present democratic rule, Nigeria's former military rulers failed to diversify the economy away from its overdependence on the capital-intensive oil sector, which provides 20% of GDP, 95% of foreign exchange earnings, and about 80% of budgetary revenues. The largely subsistence agricultural sector has failed to keep up with rapid population growth - Nigeria is Africa's most populous country - and the country, once a large net exporter of food, now must import food. Following the signing of an IMF stand-by agreement in August 2000, Nigeria received a debt-restructuring deal from the Paris Club and a $1 billion credit from the IMF, both contingent on economic reforms. Nigeria pulled out of its IMF program in April 2002, after failing to meet spending and exchange rate targets, making it ineligible for additional debt forgiveness from the Paris Club. In 2003, the government began deregulating fuel prices, announced the privatization of the country's four oil refineries, and instituted the National Economic Empowerment Development Strategy. In November 2005, Abuja (the federal...
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...AN ASSESSMENT OF THE BANKING HABITS OF NIGERIAN RURAL POPULACE: A CASE STUDY OF KUDAN LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KADUNA STATE. By MALACHY, GIMBA SOLOMON (U08BA1132) A Project Submitted to the Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Administration, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement for the Award of Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Degree in Business Administration (Banking and Finance). September, 2012. DECLARATION I earnestly declare that this study has been carried out by me, that it is a record of my own research and other review of related literature. It has not been presented in any previous application for any degree. The various sources of information are duly acknowledged in the references. __________________________ _______________ MALACHY, GIMBA SOLOMON DATE CERTIFICATION This project entitled “An Assessment of the Banking Habits of Nigerian rural Populace: a case study of Kudan Local Government Area of Kaduna State”, written by Malachy, Gimba Solomon, has been read and approved by the relevant authorities as meeting the regulations governing the award of Bachelor of Science degree in Business Administration, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria and for its contribution to knowledge and literary presentation. ___________________________ _______________ Mallam Dalhatu Bashir Iman Date (Project Supervisor) ___________________________ _______________ Mallam Aminu Gumi Date (Project...
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...International Journal of Business and Social Science Vol. 2 No. 19 [Special Issue - October 2011] Perceived Relationship between Corporate Capital Structure and Firm Value in Nigeria Semiu Babatunde ADEYEMI Department of Accounting University of Lagos Lagos, Nigeria Collins Sankay OBOH Department of Accounting University of Lagos Lagos, Nigeria Abstract This study examined the empirical effects of corporate capital structure (financial leverage) on the market value of a selection of firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. Both primary and secondary data were obtained for analysis employing both descriptive and inferential statistics for analysis. A sample size of 150 respondents and 90 firms were selected for both primary data and secondary data respectively. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse the primary data, while Chi-Square was used to draw inference of perceived relationship between capital structure and firm value. The results of the study suggested that a positively significant relationship exists between a firm’s choice of capital structure and its market value in Nigeria. The study suggested that listed firms in Nigeria should strategically plan and manage their capital structure in order to maximize their market values. Keywords: Capital structure, market value, Nigeria, debt, equity. 1. Introduction 1.1 Background to the Study After the Modigliani-Miller (1958 and 1963) paradigms on firms’ capital structure and their market values, there have been...
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...MARKET LIBERALIZATION: THE REDISTRIBUTIVE EFFECT OF PETROLEUM PRICE LIB. THE ROLE OF PETROLEUM PRICE LIVERALIZATION IN THE PROCESS OF FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIA PETROLEUM PRICE DEREGULATION IN NIGERIA: AN INTRODUCTION TO THEORETICAL, INSTITUTIONAL AND POLICY ISSUES. Nigeria once flush with oil boom revenues, is now a country of unfinished petrol station construction sites, ghost refinery depots, abandoned petrol stations, an unintended monuments to unrealized expectations. It is therefore not a surprise that in such an environment the appetites for risk should naturally abate often such catastrophic losses and situation. ORIGIN OF FREE MARKET IDEOLOGY IN NIGERIA Overview/introduction A careful study of Nigeria’s economic… reveals that… Economic policies in Nigeria have in the last two decades reflected a drive for accelerated economic development through economic and financial liberalizations. The outcomes have been largely disappointing, even in the honest estimates of their designers. Both urban and rural livelihood has become more insecure, and the expected economic development and growth has rarely materialized. Social and political insecurity are etched into the growth pattern. Ironically, the same liberalization policy that has been so deeply adverse to many sectors of the economy, somehow provided new opportunities to some individuals and groups that have the absorptive capacity to embrace, absorb and integrate both the policy and transfer...
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...03.06.2008 Economic Development through Globalisation in Nigeria An analysis of Shell & the IMF Structural Adjustment Programs Sven Bokhari 820619-P291 Fabrizio Del Duca 791225-P114 Group number: 1983 Summary Date: Level: Authors: 2008/06/03 Master thesis in International Business and Entrepreneurship, 10p (15ECTS) Sven Bokhari Västerås Date of birth: 19820619 Fabrizio Del Duca Västerås Date of birth: 19791225 Title: Economic Development through globalisation in Nigeria. An analysis of Shell & the IMF Structural Adjustment Programs Leif Linnskog, Ph.D. Tutor: Research Question: Can globalisation be seen as positive or negative for the Economic Development of Nigeria? A focus on Shell and the International Monetary Fund Research Issue: Globalisation in its current form is viewed in the Western world as a positive influence for the Economic Development of under developed countries. However these views on the benefits brought to developing countries have been frequently disputed. The research we are undertaking is a pilot study based on documentary research. Our source of information is secondary data such as books, articles, newspapers and journals. The study employs a qualitative approach. Even though globalisation is often viewed as positive we have discovered that this is not always the case in relation to its effects in Nigeria. Judging from our analysis, globalisation through the IMF and Shell has had an overall negative impact on Economic Development...
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