..."It is time we recognized the huge contribution that migration has made to the economic growth of this country." This quote, stated by Jeremy Corben, explains the crucial impact that migration has had in the development of the United States. Moreover, some examples of notable migrations that have occurred throughout the history of the United States include the westward migration during the 1800's along with that of the Sun Belt. For instance, these migrations have had economic, social, and political effects on the nation, whose lasting impacts are still felt today. This can be supported by Documents 1a, 2, ,3, 7, 8b, and 9b. As an effect of the American belief that it was America's manifest destiny to expand from sea to shining sea...
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...The topic I chose to do is migration. Migration is the movement of people from one place to another. There are four main types of migration permanent, temporary, voluntary or forced and they can be internal or international. Internal means going from your country to another within the same region and international means to from one country to another. There are various reasons why people migrate and migration has to do a lot with push and pull factors. Push factors are those which force a person to move. This can include drought, famine, lack of jobs, over population and civil war. Pull factors are those which encourage a person to move. These include a chance of a better job, better education and a better standard of living. In my article reviews I will reveal some of the reasons for migration. Since migration occurs all over the world I decided to go beyond the beautiful tranquil waters of The Bahamas into the regions of South Africa and China. I selected two out four articles which are related Africa and the other two on China these are all based on some form of migration. My first article is entitle Migration and Elderly Africans in the United States and this speaks distinctively on Immigration migration. The second article entitle The socio-economic impact of African immigration on urban development in South Africa: the case of Empangeni this speaks distinctively on African immigration in South Africa. My third article entitle Rural-urban migration and urbanization in Gansu...
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...Human Trafficking United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) defines human trafficking as “the acquisition of people by improper means such as force, fraud or deception, with the aim of exploiting them”. UNODC notes that every country of the world is affected by human trafficking crimes. Therefore, the United States is not an exception. Smuggling of migrants is also often labelled as human trafficking although there are certain distinctions between them. At the same time, Chacon (2986) fairly points out: “the line between smuggling and trafficking is becoming increasingly blurry”. The United States is an attractive country for migrants from all over the world. Illegal migration is one of the major concerns of the US government. This illegal migration is a part of a broader problem which is human trafficking. This paper is an attempt to explore how human trafficking affects the US economy, and specifically how it affects Houston. Migrant smuggling refers to assistance to individuals to cross borders illegally. Usually such assistance is provided for financial gain. Individuals may illegal cross border for various purposes such as performing labour, including sex services (Chacon, 2981). Migrant smuggling is usually conducted under the coercive conditions (Chacon, 2981). The United States is majorly a destination or a transit territory for human trafficking ("Humantrafficking.org "). By different estimates, 4,500 to 17,500 people per year are trafficked to the country ("Humantrafficking...
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...Thursday London Edition 3 'Environmental migration' fears BYLINE: Clive Cookson in London SECTION: WORLD NEWS; Pg. 7 LENGTH: 448 wordsHIGHLIGHT: News analysisTens of millions of people are moving to places that are more vulnerable to environmental disaster, particularly the urban flood plains of Asia and Africa, according to a UK government report.By focusing mainly on the people displaced by drought, floods and famine, the world is neglecting those "trapped" in deteriorating environmental conditions or moving into them, says the study prepared by the government's Foresight programme that examines issues 20 to 80 years in the future.The report is the outcome of a two-year study involving 350 experts from 30 countries.It says the problems of migration in response to environmental change are far more complex and challenging than policymakers have realised. But the report, which looks ahead for 50 years, urges them to focus on the positive as well as negative impact of migration."Under some circumstances migration, particularly in low-income countries, can transform a community's ability to cope with environmental change," said Sir John Beddington, UK chief scientific adviser."The movement of individuals or small groups, even at a local or regional level, may increase the future resilience of large communities," he added."This will reduce the risk of both humanitarian disasters and of potentially destabilising mass migration under high risk conditions."A relatively small...
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...force projections for 27 European countries, 2002–2052: impact of international migration on population ageing Projections de population et de population active pour 27 pays europeens ´ 2002–2052: impact de la migration internationale sur le vieillissement de la population Jakub Bijak Æ Dorota Kupiszewska Æ Marek Kupiszewski Æ Katarzyna Saczuk Æ Anna Kicinger Received: 8 August 2005 / Accepted: 31 March 2006 / Published online: 2 March 2007 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007 Abstract Population and labour force projections are made for 27 selected European countries for 2002–2052, focussing on the impact of international migration on population and labour force dynamics. Starting from single scenarios for fertility, mortality and economic activity, three sets of assumptions are explored regarding migration flows, taking into account probable policy developments in Europe following the enlargement of the EU. In addition to age structures, various support ratio indicators are analysed. The results indicate that plausible immigration cannot offset the negative effects of population and labour force ageing. Keywords Population projections Æ Labour force projections Æ International migration Æ Population ageing Æ Europe ´ ´ Resume Des projections de population et de population active sont presentees ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ˆ pour 27 pays Europeens pour la periode 2002–2052, avec un interet particulier pour l’impact de la migration internationale sur la dynamique des populations. A partir...
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...1. Introduction More than 100,000 years ago the first modern humans left Africa and began to colonize the world. Since then human history is also a history of migration. Migration has always been a strong impetus towards human development, these days however migration is often seen as problem or threat. Migration is defined as the permanent change of residence of a person or group. It is a natural social phenomenon. Humans have colonized the entire world and penetrated its remotest areas. Migration is taking place within very different contexts: f.e. military conquest, refugees, expulsion or enslavement. But migrants have also traveled in search of economic opportunities, new settlement areas or trade routes. Currently approximately 216,000,000 people are living away from their place of birth. This number equals about 3% of the world population. Analyzing the reasons for migration one distinguishes between push and pull factors - often both appear together. Push factors are circumstances in the country of origin that lead people to emigrate, for example poverty, war or environmental disasters. Pull factors are conditions in the destination country that make immigration attractive such as economic opportunity and political freedom. Overall trends By far the most immigrants live in the United States followed by Russia and Germany. The main countries of origin are Mexico, India, China and Russia. In proportion to the population Persian Gulf countries host the largest share...
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...1.2. TRENDS AND PATTERNS OF MIGRATION TO AND FROM CARIBBEAN COUNTRIES Elizabeth Thomas-Hope[1] INTRODUCTION Migration has become deeply embedded in the psyche of Caribbean peoples over the past century and a half. It has evolved as the main avenue for upward mobility through the accumulation of capital – financial and social. Thus the propensity for migration is high and there is a general responsiveness to the opportunities for moving whenever they occur. At times these opportunities have come from within the region itself or the wider circum-Caribbean region, as in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries; in more recent times from North America and Europe. The migration dynamic reflects the interplay of international, national and highly personal circumstances. Global changes affect the international economic order and the division of labour and, as a consequence, legislative controls and inducements to the movement of labour across selective national borders. At the national level, economic, social, demographic and political factors influence the variable access of people to economic rewards and social opportunities. But migration is not a passive reaction to internal ‘pushes’ and external ‘pulls’. Within this wider international and national context, migration is part of a dynamic set of negotiations at all levels. For whether ‘free’ movement or refugee, there is a selective process that operates at the interface of the needs of...
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...Migration is the movement of people from one place to another (Merriam-Webster 2013). Migration has defined modern Caribbean features since colonization, slavery and indentureship (Nurse 2003). The Caribbean has one of the largest diasporic communities in the world, in proportion to population (Stalker 2003). For example, it is estimated that the Cubans and Dominicans in the USA are equivalent to 8% of their respective populations of origin (UNECLAC 2002: 237). And, in some of the mini states in the region like St. Kitts and Nevis, Grenada and Belize, annual labour migration accounts for as much as 12% of their population, thereby transferring their population growth (Mittelman 2000: 60). In addition, the loss of highly educated individuals from the Caribbean was due to the brain drain and the question of migration and remittances and if they could improve the standards of living for the individuals, their families and communities hence, aiding in the development of the region at large. The issue of migration and development has health and security risks associated with it for instance, HIV/AIDS and the increase in deportees into the Caribbean. Emigration in the Caribbean has occurred in two waves. The first wave occurred in the 1950s and 1960s in the Western economies during the post World War II which was a result of improved standards of living by finding full employment and lack of work in unskilled and semiskilled jobs. The second wave was due to the outcome of global...
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...of Contents Table of Contents Migration Research Objective Introduction: ..................................... Part I Internal and International Migration 1. Linkages between Internal and international Migration 2. Characteristics of Migrants 3. Causes of Migration 4. Phases of migration Part II Temporary and Permanent Migration 1. Distribution of Egyptian migrants according to skill level 2. Distribution of Egyptian migrants according to Destination 3. Economic Effect of Migration 4. Impact of Migration 4.a. on the Labor Supply of Adults Left Behind 4.b. and remittances on household poverty 5. Remittances at micro-level 6. Remittances at macro-level 7. Remittances and Development 8. Volume of Remittances 9. Impact of remittances on poverty alleviation 10. Brain Drain/Gain (causes, effects and solutions) 11. Egyptian Migration To Arab Countries Part III Legal and Illegal Migration 1. Definition 2. Dimensions 3. Causes 4. Dangers 5. Methods 6. Legal and political status 7. Migration Stages 8. The gangs of illegal migration contrive new behaviors….. 9. Egypt youth migration ……….. Ideal cases Objective The whole theme of this paper is to vivid the magnitude of migration, to profile the workers who migrate, to identify the types of migration and to determine the extent to which migration affects the rate of poverty and...
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...The Dominican Republic constitutes one of the major Caribbean states which over the period of contemporary migration has seen an increase in the movement towards the United States of America. This paper will be looking at the pattern of migration to the USA originating from the Dominican Republic and examining the reasons why despite their workforce dynamic, the migrants still have trouble settling into respectable jobs and securing an economic stability. Initially, through looking at the brief historic background of the Dominican migration which has been substantial over time and continuous to increase has been a result of both political insecurity and strain for economic stability. Despite the close relations between the U.S. and the Dominican...
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...The United States has experienced a sharp spike in immigration flows over the past decade. The Pew Hispanic Research Center has reported non-partisan statistical analyses and public opinion data chronicling the rapid growth of the Latino population and its implication for the nation as a whole to government stakeholders and officials that mandate new policies both foreign and domestic. The center uses the tools of social science research to improve understanding of the diverse Hispanic experience in the United States and to chronicle the Latino growing impact on the country. The latest figures compiled by the Pew Hispanic Center indicate that there are more than 11 million undocumented immigrants, a number that includes more than one million children under the age of 18. Overall, the undocumented represent approximately 4% of the nation's population, 5% of its labor force, and 28% of its foreign-born population (Suro, 2005). However, these statistics could be challenged simply based on Scheuren’s (2004) account that bias could be an issue as the “findings are extrapolated from a sample of the Mexican population”. A stratified sample from varies regions of Hispanics would likely have yielded different results. Survey results tend to be mixed depending on if one is native born or migrant. Congress attempts to pass immigration reform laws in order to control or at least temper the illegal migrations. Research is gathered and used in order to make informed decisions that will be...
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...Multidimensional Lenses on Migration Dilara Sönmez Middle East Technical University Department of International Relations, #1541077 ABSTRACT National and international security has gained new meanings and elements in recent years, especially after Cold War. The changed concept of security has been more and more broadened with accelerated effects of globalization and shocking September 11 events. The new issues of security agenda may be listed as immigration, global terror, climate change, energy, internal violence, human security etc. This article recovers mainly how irregular migration effects national and human security in a multi dimensional framework, from theories to the cases under several sections of the paper. Firstly, the definition and types; secondly motivations of immigration are outlined with a historical and theoretical briefs. Then the general perception on migration and motivations of migration will be connected more specific sections that are, in sequence, international lenses on migration regarding state and public securities and more specifically, the lenses of the US and European Union on migration. The conclusion part put my arguments as done during article that are both agreed and disagreed with the mainstream theories and the opinions of expert that are stated in the article. Definitions and Types of Migration The term of migration has several definitions that give almost similar meanings. Generally, in social science literature, Migration is the movement...
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...There are several impacts to society when there is an influx of immigrants pouring in from surrounding countries. These impacts can be both good and bad and in my opinion can have many butterfly effects. These effects in our current times are realized easier because of years of this immigration happening between various countries back in forth. The impacts on public finances are neither a gain or drain on the society of the natives. Migrants cost the government more money but this line of cost moves in parallel to the surplus, which suggest that they are actually stimulating the internal demand. There is a common thought about the contributions of migrant workers being minimal because they pay fewer taxes. This could be fixed easily if they were given more opportunity in the labor force. The migrants are not given great opportunity in the work force do to the lack of educational background that may exist and less experience or lack thereof. A lacking that migrant workers may tend to have actually becomes both beneficial and troublesome. The migrant workers begin to displace the native workers, which can be troublesome, but this allows for more cheap labor while more experienced native workers can progress professionally in their careers. This especially holds true in the service industry, mainly the pediatric and geriatric sectors. It is believed that minimum wage hinders the migrant integration into the workforce and that lowering the minimum wage while giving subsidies may offset...
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...The Haitian Diaspora in the Bahamas By Ria N.M. Treco Florida International University Department of International Relations April 17, 2002 Introduction Haiti is the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere with about 80% of the Haitian population living in abject poverty [1]. Many factors contribute to the economic status of this country including: lack of proper education, overpopulation, environmental problems, and subsequent lack of jobs. All of these factors must be pointed out in order for one to fully understand the reasons for the mass migration that is taking place from Haiti into other countries of the world and more specifically into the Bahamas. Haiti has one of the lowest adult literacy rates in the world with only 48.8% of the total population above age 15 being able to read and write simple sentences. According to the Human Development Report, Haiti ranks 134 out of 162 countries for the adult literacy rate. Furthermore, Oxfam International ranks only four countries in the world lower than Haiti for the availability of basic education for its people. There is inadequate healthcare in Haiti as well. In 1999, the US Agency for International Development in Haiti implemented new programs to make Haitians aware of family planning, however, only half the population of Haiti has access to these facilities. This is closely related to the problem of overpopulation in Haiti. Haiti is one of the most densely populated countries of the Western Hemisphere with upwards of...
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...Migration patterns and demographics in the Gulf countries Jibek Malabaeva POLT 3400 Otto Hieronymi 05/04/2013 Outline I. Topic Definition II. Issues and Questions III. Scope a. Time b. Geography c. Language IV. Method V. References VI. OUTLINE VII. Works Cited Topic Definition The migration patterns and demographics of the Gulf countries are closely related to the global economics and societies but are also interrelated between each other and local, intercultural societies. Regional characteristics play an important role in the make-up of populations, as well as the evolution of individual societies and criteria that are unique to a certain part of the country (Arab migration in a globalized world 78). Traditional values and beliefs play a significant role in both international and domestic relations. The conservative nature of a social fabric will create limits for expansion and assimilation, within a different nation. The oil industry has had a great influence on the Gulf countries and the population itself. Global issues and reputation influence the way people view each nation and so, globalization, internal affairs, economics and politics all play an important role. Major focus will be centered on international migration, migration within Gulf countries and the role of personal attributes like education, family and cultural views. Issues and Questions The three major points of focus will be...
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