...In general, strategic interaction describes the way in which two parties trade. In sports, these trades are known as sponsoring. For instance, people are confronted with sponsoring in sports seeing logos of companies on t-shirts of a club, by TV ads which are shown in breaks of sporting events or by products we buy in our neighborhood drug store that are “officially” supporting the players of a professional soccer league. In the United States of America these phenomena of strategic interaction between companies and leagues, clubs or only team members are represented even stronger than in Europe. One main difference is the absence of TV timeouts in Europe. The main goal of this paper is to show how economic principles justify the introduction of these TV timeouts. First, it will describe the changes that have taken place concerning the advertising time outs in order to connect it to the underlying economic principles afterwards. Finally, it concludes with a summary of my findings. TV timeouts are basically artificial breaks of the gameplay to show the television viewer commercials during a sporting event in order to reach an audience as large as possible. In return, the league and the clubs receive a certain amount of money from the particular companies that desire to use the setting of the sporting event to show their commercials. As a consequence, some people might hold the view that artificially stopping the game to show commercials is not only boring for the audience in...
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...EXPLORING THE CHALLENGES OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING IN POST GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS ERA IN NIGERIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE NIGERIAN PROFESSIONAL BY BENNETT B. BENNETT UNIZIK/ACC/Ph.D./2011387014F DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTANCY, FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES, NNAMDI AZIKIWE UNIVERSITY, AWKA SEPTEMBER, 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS Certification Approval Declaration Acknowledgement List of Tables Abstract CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.0 Background to Study 1.1 Statement of Research Problem 1.2 Objective of Study 1.3 Research Question 1.4 Research Hypothesis 1.5 Significance of the Study 1.6 Scope and Delimitation of Study 1.7 Limitations CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Historical Background 2.2 Conceptual Frame work 2.3 theoretical Frame work 2.4 Review of Current Literature CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY 3.1 Design of the Study 3.2 Data Collection 3.3 Method of Data Analysis CHAPTER FOUR DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 5.1 Summary 5.2 Conclusion 5.3 Recommendations 5.4 Suggestions for Further Studies Bibliography Appendix CERTIFICATION This is to certify that this research work was carried out by Bennett, B. Bennett of the Department of Accountancy Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. _______________________ Prof. B.C. Osisioma Date. APROVAL This paper titled “Exploring the Challenges of Strategic Management Accounting in Post Global Economic Crisis Era: Implications...
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...How far do you agree with the view that strategic factors were the main reason in expanding the British Empire? It could be rightfully said that strategic factors where one of the main reasons for the expansion of the British Empire. However it could as well be argued that Britain had other motives for expanding their empire, such as for their own economic gain or because of their belief of self-superiority. It could be argued that strategic factors were a reason in expanding the British Empire. Prior to 1869 there was no expansionist intent however in 1869 when the French had built the Suez Canal, the canal attracted Britain as it represented a vital trade route to India and was of extreme importance strategically. was a country of economic interest and they had to control the canal as a means of protecting India and all of its economic advantages Britain This gave Egypt economic importance and the government devolved into British hands Furthermore it following the nationalist riots led by colonel Arabi, Egyptian nationalism began to emerge. Egypt was part of the Turkish Empire and Egyptians began to want freedom from the Turkish. Britain feared if they were to free themselves from Turkish rule they would form alliances with other European countries, minimising Britain’s influence. Although this could be said that this was a political reason why they expanded into North Africa Additionally strategic factors were Britain’s main reason for expansion in the south Following...
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...[pic] Ecole Superieures Libre des Sciences Commerciales Appliquees Doctorate of Business Administration Human Capital Management Paper on Dynamic Capabilities of Firms Presented to: Dr. Sherif Delawar By Mohamed Antably March 2012 Cairo, Egypt. Abstract: From one hand the dynamic capabilities of firms are the sources and methods of wealth creation and capture by private enterprise firms operating in environments of rapid technological change. Other hand, Human capital ultimate objectives are linking HR practices and knowledge with goals of the firm to achieve and develop Competitive advantages. Accordingly, linking both statements would generate that HC is not only working to achieve the organizations objectives and but also to formalize, maintain and develop the firm dynamic capabilities. HC should also work on sharing and collecting success stories, lessons learnt and implicit individuals' knowledge into institutional explicit knowledge. The competitive advantage of firms is seen as resting on distinctive processes (ways of coordinating and combining which is more difficult among horizontal levels but easy in the vertical levels applying the chain of command), shaped by the firm's asset positions (such as the firm's portfolio of difficult-to-trade knowledge assets and complementary assets), and the evolution path(s) it has adopted or inherited. The importance of path dependencies is ampled...
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...a competitive price or acceptable value at a lower price. What is strategy? Strategy describes the goal – directed actions a firm intends to take in its quest to gain and sustain competitive advantage. Strategy is about creating superior value, while containing the cost to create it. Strategy is not a zero-sum game. It is not always the case that one party wins while all others lose. Win- win scenarios: when competitors cooperate, occasionally, with one another to achieve strategic objectives, we call this co-opetition. Strategic positioning is staking out a unique position in an industry that allows the firm to provide value to customers, while controlling costs. Strategy as a Theory of How to Compete. It provides managers with a roadmap to navigate the competitive territory. A firm´s strategy can be seen as its managers’ theory about how to gain and sustain competitive advantage. (A theory answers the questions, what causes what and why?) These theories have to reflect reality. The strategic management process, therefore, is a never-ending cycle of analysis, formulation, implementation and feedback. * It is the managers´ theories about how to gain and sustain competitive advantage. * It is...
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...detailed analysis will provide both depth and breadth vis-à-vis my research topic utilizing various research techniques and approaches. My research problem focuses on how implementing a differentiation and cost leadership strategy in parallel will facilitate mortgage companies to design a competitive advantage making industry conditions irrelevant within San Bernardino County. My research topic is designed to uncover the current strategies real estate companies are using to remain profitable and increase market share within San Bernardino County. This research problem will indentify generic strategies and uncover how focusing on both differentiation and cost leadership can create new market space or a blue ocean, thereby making rivals and economic conditions within the industry immaterial. Research Topic and Research Problem I chose this as my research problem because of the cyclical behavior surrounding the mortgage industry. The mortgage industry constantly goes...
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...Running Head: STRATEGIC & FINANCIAL PLANNING OF FROEDERT HOSPITAL Strategic & Financial Planning of Froedert Hospital [Name of the writer] [Name of the institution] [Page Break]Strategic & Financial Planning of Froedert Hospital Thesis Statement The purpose of this assignment is to analyze the financial & business administration of Froedert Hospital to develop a draft action plan to improve the business of the organization. (Suzanne, 1993) Introduction Produce regular performance & financial plans is an essential component of planning & analytical work of the companies. Operational planning can reduce irrational use of funds of the company by the timely planning of business operations, inventory, financial flows & monitoring their actual implementation. Operational planning is still a weak point of business management of the U.S. health care organizations. About the Organization Froedtert Hospital is a 500-bed academic medical center containing workforce being provided by the staff of The Medical College of Wisconsin. The hospital has been honored with the prestigious Magnet title given by the U.S. Nurses. It works as an eastern Wisconsin recommendation center for higher remedial practice care consisting of thirty seven areas of expertise & subspecialties. (Suzanne, 1993) Objectives of Strategic & Financial Planning...
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...Critically assess the theory and practice of Strategic Planning in Tourism. Introduction Tourism is simply defined as the travel for variety of purposes such as: leisure, recreational and business. It is the fastest growing industry worldwide. In other words, tourism refers to all sorts of trips done by residents of a country for non-migratory purposes both within the country and abroad thus, includes all journeys exceeding 24 hours for business, health, recreation, or study purposes. (WTO, 1986). Clearly the tourism definition has not yet stabilized. (Beaver 2005). Similarly, Tourism is a lucrative economic activity where international corporations and hospitality industry in the global travel is dominant. (Jaakson 1998). Franklin (2003) argues that tourism is no longer something that occurs away from everyday life rather tourism is everyday activity that has turned out to be one of the ways in which our life functions. Tourism helps in bringing both economic and non-economic benefits and costs to the host destination. Tourism is considered as the fabric to most of the industries including transportation, the food industry, clothing and retail, sports, health care, etc. Unlike other industry, tourism plays a significant role in variety of industries with multi-functioning abilities; particularly in media sector- travel section of Newspaper contains various advertisements on tourism. Thus, media is considered to be very effective way of marketing tourism so as to gain benefits...
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...PEST Analysis The analysis of the external macro environments that affects all firms is vital in strategic management process. P.E.S.T. is a short form for the Political, Economic, Social, and Technological features of the external macro-environment. The external factors usually are not in the firm’s control and at times are presented as threats. But the changes in the external environment also form new opportunities. Numerous of the macro-environmental factors are country specific to the areas and a PEST analysis will be carried out for all countries of attention. Some of the factors that might be considered in a PEST analysis include: - • Political Factors. The factors, which assist the organization to develop a strategic corporate strategy, include, Political constancy in the country, threat of military incursion, legal structure for agreement implementation, detailed business rules & tariffs and preferential trade associates. Anti reliance regulations, Pricing system taxation, wage structures, working hour’s instructions, obligatory employee benefits and Industrial safety regulations are also considered when analysis of the organization is made. • Economic Factors The analysis of the economic features of the country where the operations are being made is very essential. The economics factors required to be analyzed include, form of economic system in countries of operation, government interference in the market, proportional advantages of host country, exchange rates &...
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...NAMES :KIBE MAUREEN I.D NO: 632107 COURSE:IBA 4010 LECTURER:LUKA EPAINITO OBBANDA TASK : ASSIGNMENT 1 TITLE: TRADE BLOCS SEMESTER: FALL 2013 INTRODUCTION ECOWAS is an acronym to mean Economic Community of West African States whereas a trading bloc is a set of countries which engage in international trade together, and are usually related through a free trade agreement or other association.ECOWAS was established in May, 1975 as a regional institutional framework for the coordination and promotion of economic cooperation and sustainable development in West Africa. The challenges of economic develpoment in an underdeveloped and highly unstable environment such as west africa appear enormous and so leave one to ponder on the possibilty of success or otherwise in realizing such an idea. ESTABLISHMENT OF ECOWAS ECOWAS was established in 1975 to coordinate and promote trade,cooperation and sustainable development throughout West Africa.The signing of the ECOWAS treaty of Lagos was indeed a kind of radical response to the plague of poverty and underdevelopment bedeviling West Africa, and as a result, practically provided the much desired framework for the realization of rapid and sustainable socio-political and economic development throughout the sub-region, and has till date the following member states: Republic of Benin,Burkina Faso,Cape Verde,Cote d’Ivoire, Gambia,Ghana,Guinea,Guinea Bissau,Liberia,Mali,Niger,Nigeria,Senegal,Sierra Leone and the Republic of...
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...|Equivalent courses offered at Aalto University, School Of Economics. | | | | | |Courses offered are subject to changes. | | |Updated information on the courses will be sent to successful candidates by Aalto | | |University, School Of Economics. | | | | | |*The same course can be transferred only as 1 course. | |First Level Modules | | |ACC1006 Accounting Information Systems |International Technology Venturing | |BSP1005 Managerial Economics |TU91.2010 Managerial Economics ...
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...Philosophy August 2009 School of Social and Political Sciences Faculty of Arts The University of Melbourne Produced on archival quality paper ABSTRACT This thesis aims to examine how and why a continental-oriented China has shifted its maritime strategic orientation and naval force structure from its coast toward the far seas in an era of interdependent international system. Generally, China is an ancient continental land power with an incomplete oceanic awareness. With the transformation after the Cold War of China’s grand strategy from landward security to seaward security, maritime security interests have gradually become the most essential part of China’s strategic rationale. Undoubtedly, the quest for sea power and sea rights has become Beijing’s main maritime strategic issue. Given China’s escalating maritime politico-economic-military leverage in the Asia-Pacific region, its desire to become a leading sea power embodying global strategic thinking means that it must expand its maritime strategy by developing its navy and preparing for armed confrontation in terms of international relations realism. Conversely, Beijing’s maritime policy leads at the same time towards globalization, which involves multilateralism and strategic coexistence of a more pragmatic kind. This research analyses Chinese maritime strategy in the Asia-Pacific by asking: ‘Whither the Chinese maritime strategy in the ever changing Asia-Pacific security environment since the PRC was established in 1949...
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...South Africa is considered a developing African country where economic development has been influenced by global economic trends and distortions in the economy that occurred under colonial and apartheid governments during the 20th century (Turok, 2008). Consequently, the South African economy was unprepared for its re-entry into the global economy after 1990, so today the country attempts to compete with other countries on the basis of an under-developed socio-economic infrastructure (Abbott, Goosen and & Coetzee, 2013). Traditionally, there are three economic sectors in a country i.e. agriculture; the primary sector, manufacturing; the secondary sector, and services; the tertiary sector. The knowledge economy is known at the quaternary...
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...Fahy, Smithee / Strategic Marketing and the Resource Based View of the Firm Strategic Marketing and the Resource Based View of the Firm John Fahy University of Limerick Alan Smithee Alloa Metropolitian University John Fahy is Professor of Marketing, Dept. of Management & Marketing, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland 353-61-213126 (office), 353-61-338171 (fax) John.Fahy@ul.ie. Alan Smithee is Senior Lecturer in Marketing, Alloa Metropolitian University, Alloa, Scotland. Please address all correspondence to the first author. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The resource-based view of the firm (RBV) is one of the latest strategic management concepts to be enthusiastically embraced by marketing scholars. This paper argues that the RBV holds much promise as a framework for understanding strategic marketing issues but cautions that, before it is adopted, it needs to be fully understood. Consequently, the paper charts the development of the RBV from its origins in early economic models of imperfect competition, through the work of evolutionary economists to the contributions of strategy and marketing scholars over the past two decades. This broad literature base has given rise to a great deal of ambiguity, inconsistent use of nomenclature and several overlapping classification schema. The paper seeks to draw together common themes of firm heterogeneity, barriers to duplication, sustainable competitive advantage and Ricardian rents within an overall model of resource-based competitive...
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...6.2 Supplementary textbooks Asch, David and Bowman, Cliff (eds.) 1989: Readings in Strategic Management. Basingstoke: Macmillan / Open University. Barney, Jay and Hesterly, William S 2008: Strategic Management and Competitive Advantage: Concepts and Cases (2nd ed). Harlow: Pearson. Capon, Claire 2008: Understanding Strategic Management. Harlow: FT Prentice Hall. Coulter, Mary 2008: Strategic Management in Action (4th ed). Harlow: Pearson David, Fred 2007: Strategic Management: Concepts (11th ed). Harlow: Pearson. De Wit, Bob and Meyer, Ron 1994: Strategy – Process, Content, Context – An International Perspective. Minneapolis et al.: West Publishing. Heracleous, Loizos 2003: Strategy and Organization – Realizing Strategic Management. Cambridge: CUP. Hunger, David J and Wheelen, Thomas L 2007: Essentials of Strategic Management (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Johnson, Gerry; Scholes, Kevan and Whittington, Richard 2009: Fundamentals of Strategy. Harlow: FT Prentice Hall. Lynch, Richard 2009: Strategic Management (5th ed.). Harlow: FT Prentice Hall. Macmillan, Hugh and Tampoe, Mahen 2000: Strategic Management – Process, Content and Implementations. Oxford: OUP. Sutherland, Jonathan and Canwell, Diane 2004: Key Concepts in Strategic Management. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Further Strategic Management books are available in section 658.4012 in the library. The library catalogue is available on-line at http://libcat2.gre.ac.uk/TalisPrism...
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