...implement stimulus policies 5 1.4. How to increase the AD in the economy? 6 2. ANALYSIS THE FACT OF VIETNAM 7 2.1. The Effects of the Global Crisis 7 2.2. The first demand stimulus package of Vietnam 10 2.3. The explicitness of the fiscal policy…………………………………………………....19 III. CONCLUSION 23 IV. REFERENCES 24 I. INTRODUCTION Since 2007, nations around the world experienced a series of major economic and financial problems. The events began with the financial crisis of 2007–2008, considered by many economists to be the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s. It resulted in the threat of total collapse of large financial institutions, the bailout of banks by national governments, and downturns in stock markets around the world. In many areas, the housing market also suffered, resulting in evictions, foreclosures and prolonged unemployment. The crisis played a significant role in the failure of key businesses, declines in consumer wealth estimated in trillions of US dollars, and a downturn in economic activity leading to the 2008–2012 global recession and contributing to the European sovereign-debt crisis. Affected by the global economic recession, Vietnam's economy in 2008 faced many difficulties even in the next period of time. It was hit by a large fall in export demand and foreign direct investment. All entities in the economy from firms to consumers had to suffer from the condition of the economy...
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...Shikha Neupane ID: 32330 Business economics Economics is a branch of social science which deals with study of how fright merchandises and properties are assigned to please apparently infinite requirements and needs. The fundamental theory in economics is that shortage involves that selections be made. Similarly business economics is the branch of applied economics that deals with the idea of relevance to the contemporary business, in order to improve a complete understanding of the supply distribution matters opposite the business organisation and the environment that it functions in. It uses various economic theory and other quantitative methods to scrutinise a business organisation and the issues that influences the enterprise with the labour and its market. Question 1 Business Economics is a useful toolbox for understanding the business environment and making better decisions. Consider you are the managing director of a manufacturing company based in UK; describe the different aspects of the business that you should be looking at from an economics perspective in order to run the company efficiently. Consider both the microeconomics and macroeconomics perspectives. The entire business organisations around the globe have one similar goal and that is to increase the profit. By scrutinising the demand of the clients, supplying good quality and suitable supply, the profit can be maximised. Conversely there are various microeconomic and macroeconomic factors that...
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...|CONTENTS | |THEORY COURSE: | |Title sheet [Program, Course Code - Course Name, Credit Structures, Pre-Requisite and Co-Requisite, Instructor’s Web-Link | |Address (Moodle), Name of Instructor, Division, and School] | |Official Time Table of the course | |Approved course syllabus signed by Instructor & Program chair | |Objective and Outcome Mapping | |Lesson Plan | |Assessment Scheme and Schedule | |Model Question Paper (Semester End Examination (SEE)) | |Lectures Slides, Tutorials and other Learning Resource provided (See Annexure 1) | |Assignments / Course Projects ...
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...Objectives To provide a basic understanding of economic reasoning, economic theory and economic policy, particularly for the study of the economy as a whole. Throughout the course, students will be introduced to: ● Define Gross National Product, Gross Domestic Product, Net National Product, National Income, Personal Income, and Disposable Income ● Explain the purpose of a price index, use a price index to calculate the rate of inflation, and distinguish between Demand-Pull inflation and Cost-Push Inflation ● Define unemployment in China, calculate unemployment and employment rates, and differentiate between frictional, cyclical, structural and seasonal unemployment ● Describe the phases of the business cycle and economic growth ● Explain the role of money and monetary policy ● Explain fiscal policy 2. Course Description/ Intended Learning Outcomes (Course ILOs) An introduction to the basic principles of economics with emphasis on the macroeconomic aspects of the entire economy. It deals with national income, national output, national employment, inflation, cyclical business fluctuations, economic growth, the role of money, theories of interest rates, stabilization policies, foreign exchange rates, monetary policy and fiscal policy. This course provides a common sense approach to the world of macroeconomic decisions and their impact on society. It is aimed at providing the necessary background in the economic issues of establishing, running and managing a...
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...2005) Department of Economics, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden _____________________________________________________________________ Abstract The Swedish economic policy to combine full employment and equity with price stability and economic growth was developed by two trade union economists shortly after World War II. Through the use of extensive employment policy measures, a tight fiscal policy and a wage policy of solidarity, the Rehn-Meidner model represents a unique third way between Keynesianism and monetarism. This essay analyses the application and performance of the Rehn-Meidner model in Sweden. Although never consistently applied, it is possible to distinguish a golden age for the model from the late 1950s to the early 1970s. In the 1970s and the 1980s, governments abandoned the restrictive macroeconomic means of the model and were thus unable to combine low rates of unemployment with low inflation and high economic growth. Since the early 1990s, Sweden has not met the requirement of full employment in the Rehn-Meidner model. Recent declarations by the EU to prioritise full employment once again but without giving up the objectives of price stability and growth legitimise a renewed interest in the model. __________________ JEL classification: E24; E31; E62; J23; J31; J62; O23 Keywords: Swedish model; Rehn-Meidner model; third way; labour market policy; solidarity wage policy; productivity growth, fiscal policy; unemployment; inflation ...
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...CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examinations Economics Syllabus Effective for examinations from May/June 2010 Correspondence related to the syllabus should be addressed to: The Pro-Registrar Caribbean Examinations Council Caenwood Centre 37 Arnold Road, Kingston 5, Jamaica, W.I. Telephone Number: (876) 920-6714 Facsimile Number: (876) 967-4972 E-mail address: cxcwzo@cxc.org Website: www.cxc.org Copyright © 2008, by Caribbean Examinations Council The Garrison, St. Michael BB 11158, Barbados CXC A20/U2/08 This document CXC A20/U2/08 replaces CXC A20/U2/03 issued in 2003. Please note that the syllabus was revised and amendments are indicated by italics and vertical lines. First Issued 2003 Revised 2008 Please check the website www.cxc.org for updates on CXC’s syllabuses. CXC A20/U2/08 Contents RATIONALE ........................................................................................................................................... 1 AIMS ....................................................................................................................................................... 2 SKILLS AND ABILITIES TO BE ASSESSED ....................................................................................... 2 PRE-REQUISITES OF THE SYLLABUS .............................................................................................. 3 STRUCTURE OF THE SYLLABUS ..............................
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...1. Executive Summary This report, targeted at senior Government officials considers the current issue of the EU treaty and the impact the outcome will have on Ireland. A referendum will be held to decide this outcome but it is noted that the political parties will have a strong influence on the public’s decision. As with all the EU countries, Ireland’s economy retracted sharply with the global financial crisis in 2008. They have recovered better than most of the EU but the major economic issue still facing Ireland is the unemployment rate which currently sits at over 14 per cent. Signing this EU treaty will impose tighter fiscal discipline on members by entrenching tougher tax regulations and limiting government spending (Halpin 2012). The overall aim of the treaty is based on the Keynesian theory of using monetary policy to create budget surplus. EU countries will reduce their budget deficits by the strict spending regulations outlined in the treaty. The downside to signing the treaty is the lack of control Ireland will have over the country. The primary avenue for government spending will be limited to tax increases. Ireland has been criticised for having one of the lowest personal and company tax rates in the EU. The benefit of the low corporate tax rate is the large foreign multinational corporations that create employment in Ireland. Increasing taxes could have a negative effect on the economy. If Ireland do not sign the treaty, although they will still be a member...
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...EC3010 - Economic Policy Assignment 1 The nature of the ongoing financial crisis merely confirms what Economists have known for some time, namely, that the interconnectedness of global economic activity renders macro-management by single governments redundant. Their function is now to regulate markets to ensure economically efficient solutions. Module Leader :Paul McKeown Student Name: Chen JiaHui Student number: G20555142 1.0 Introduction This report argues that the ongoing financial crisis merely confirms the global political consideration what economists have known for some time. Firstly, it briefly explains how the financial crisis spread around the world in such a short time by globalisation. This report points out that the global financial system is inherently flawed, showing how economies go from stability to instability. Subsequently, it focuses on the link between economic globalisation and macro-management by single government, considering whether Macro-management of a country’s economy is redundant, given the global interconnectedness economy’s activity and business. This report shows government policy has reduced the effectiveness of interconnected economies, such as fiscal policy and monetary policy. After that, it emphasizes that it is imperative for governments to regulate financial markets so as to ensure economically efficient solutions. Consequently, this report concludes that although macro-management by single government is less effective...
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...448851 Course: Economics 1 (ECON 1000) Topic: Essay – Semester 2 (2010) (Final Copy) Essay Topic 2: “During the 2006-2008 period COSATU called for changes to government fiscal policy citing “prospects for a more expansionary fiscal policy” (COSATU Secretariat Report to the Ninth National Congress, Sept 2006) and arguing that “[fiscal policy] is unduly focused on chasing macro-economic targets, such as low budget deficits” (COSATU General Secretary, Zwelinzima Vavi’s address to the AGM of NEHAWU Securities, Nov 2008).” Answer the following: By making reference to the compulsory readings, discuss whether you think it was advisable for the South African government to increase government spending during the 2006 and 2007 financial periods. Explain why you feel this way with reference to the information contained in the readings. Tutor: Maite (14:15 - 15:00) Due Date: 20 September 2010 No. Of Words: 1097 INRODUCTION: This essay will explore the meaning of the fiscal policy, an increase in government expenditure and how it relates to inflation and the aggregate expenditure model. It will discuss whether it was advisable for the South African government to increase government spending during the 2006 and 2007 financial periods. The mains views that will be discussed will be based on how an increase in government expenditure affects the aggregate expenditure curve, what is the result of this on the GDP gap and also its effect on the inflation rate. Economic theories prove that an increase...
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...THEORY OF ACCOUNTS ACCOUNTING CONCEPTS 1. Which of the following statements is/are true? I. Accounting is a service activity intended to fulfill a useful function in society II. Accounting involves the art of recording, classifying and summarizing transaction and events, and interpreting the results thereof. III. Accounting is an art but not a science IV. Accounting provides quantitative financial information intended to be useful in making economic decisions a. I, II, III, IV c. I, II, IV b. I, II, III d. II, III, IV 2. The branch of accounting concerned with the presentation of financial information primarily for use of third person outside of business enterprise. a. Financial Accounting c. Government Accounting b. Management Accounting d. All of the above 3. Accounting is an art because a. of the existence of a body knowledge governing accounting practice b. of accounting theory c. the necessity of applying creative skill and ability d. None of the above 4. Financial accounting is the branch of accounting that focuses on a. special purpose reports of financial position and results of operations b. financial statements c. the various need of statement users d. general purpose reports of financial position and results of operations 5. General-purpose information is a. not intended to satisfy the specialized needs of individual users. b. intended to satisfy the specialized needs of individual users c. not intended to satisfy the common...
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...Name: Jane Holman Student Number: 220034259 Unit: MM 302 Assignment: Assignment one - essay Due Date: 20 August 2010 0 Introduction The following report goes into detail about the governments involved in a market economy, the government influences four main areas in the economy which are; enforcing antitrust laws, preserving property rights, providing a stable fiscal and monetary environment and preserving political stability. Also the report will cover why there can never be a truly ‘free market’ economy, where there is absolutely no government intervention. Market Economy In a market economy, the majority of a nation’s land, factories, and other economic resources are privately owned, either by individuals or businesses (Wild, Wild & Han 2010:151). It is also an economy in which prices of goods and services are freely set based on the laws of supply and demand which are unfettered by interference from a government or other outside bodies. A market economy at its basic is an economy run entirely by the market itself (McGuigan 2003:1). In contrast to a market economy is one which follows the Keynesian principals which is an economic theory which advocates government intervention, or demand side management of economy by increasing money supply or by actually buying things on the market itself, they believe that this will achieve full employment and stable prices (Web finance 2010:1). Market economy has come to be accepted as a norm across the world with many developing...
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...Financial accounting refers to accounting and oversight of the companies have completed a comprehensive system of campaign funds, that the external economic stakes of investors, creditors and the government departments concerned and enterprises to provide economic information of the financial position and profitability as the main target carry out economic activities. Financial Accounting is an important foundation work of modern enterprises, through a series of accounting procedures, provided useful information for decision-making, and actively participate in management decisions, improve the economic efficiency of enterprises, service in the healthy and orderly development of the market economy. Management accounting, also known as "internal report accounting", it means: to present and future campaign funds, to enhance economic efficiency for the purpose of internal managers provide the scientific basis for management decision-making as the goal of economic management activities. Popular financial accounting is the total company accounting processes, cost accounting is the part of management accounting is a financial accounting calculation based on future projections of the company. In economic management, accounting work is an important part of one is closely linked to the effective operation of economic and accounting work. Comparison of management accounting and financial accounting for the study of accounting work in-depth research and analysis. Overview of management...
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...The nature of the national environment in which your chosen business operates 6 2.1. Explain how economic systems attempt to allocate resources effectively 6 2.2. Assess the impact of fiscal and monetary policy on business organisations and their activities 7 2.3. Evaluate the impact of competition policy and other regulatory mechanism on the activities of a selected organisation 7 Task 3. The behaviour of your chosen organisation in its market environment 8 3.1. Explain how market structures determine the pricing and output decisions of the business 8 3.2. Illustrate the way in which market forces shape organisational responses using a range of examples 8 3.3. Judge how the business and cultural environments shape the behaviour of a selected organisation 9 Task 4. The significance of the global factors that shape business activities of your chosen organisation 10 4.1. Discuss the significance of international trade for your organisation 10 4.2. Analysis the impact of global factors on your chosen organisation 10 4.3. Evaluate the impact of European Union policies on your business organisation 11 Part B 12 Task 5. Report 12 a). how the downturn in the UK economy since 2008 and the double dip recession has impacted on your chosen organisation 12 b). how should your chosen organisation respond to these changes 12 Part C 14 Task 6 14 a.i. Potential impact of fiscal changes 14 a.ii Monetary policy 14 a.iii. International environment 14 b. Respond to changes 15...
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...The Savers–Spenders Theory of Fiscal Policy By N. GREGORY MANKIW* The literature on the macroeconomic effects of fiscal policy and, in particular, of government debt is founded on two canonical models. The purpose of this paper is to suggest that both models are deficient and to propose a new model to take their place. The first canonical model is the Barro-Ramsey model of infinitely-lived families (Robert Barro, 1974). According to this model, the government’s debt policy redistributes the tax burden among generations, but families, who want to smooth their consumption over time, reverse the effects of this redistribution through their bequests. Government debt is completely neutral—a proposition called Ricardian equivalence. The second canonical model of government debt is the Diamond-Samuelson model of overlapping generations (Peter Diamond, 1965). In this model, people smooth consumption over their own lifetimes, but there is no bequest motive. When the government issues debt, it enriches some generations at the expense of others, crowds out capital, and reduces steadystate living standards. In this paper, I first discuss the facts that lead me to reject these canonical models. I then propose an alternative model and develop briefly its implications for fiscal policy. consumption over time. There is much reason to be skeptical about this assumption. A large empirical literature, starting with Robert Hall’s (1978) seminal random-walk theorem, has addressed...
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...1): lowered the basic rate of income tax to 20%, lowered VAT to 12% and increased government spending on health, education and employment, and defence each by 5%. This report will explain the impact upon mainly 3 economic indicators: unemployment, inflation and government debt, before analysing different implications on the economy. It should be appreciated that the government targets for these three factors are low unemployment, low inflation and low government debt, although recently this target has become to reduce government debt. It should also be noted that sustainable positive economic growth is also a government target. We will analyse the effects that these policies have and speculate its impact upon other economic indicators. Upon doing so we will determine a base rate (interest rate) that will improve the economic circumstances of our model and give recommendations on policy usage. Inflation The initial RPI deflation as seen in figure 2 can be explained by the government reflationary policy of lowering the rate of VAT. The affect of lower VAT payments results in business’ passing on their savings onto the consumer via a lowered price, which leads to deflation in the short term. However, within a two year time period RPI will augment to 7.5%. Keynesian fiscal theory suggests that reflationary fiscal policy is the best way to stimulate aggregate demand (AD); lower tax leads to increased disposable income of consumers causing higher demand, whilst increased government...
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