...MEMORANDUM TO: Public FROM: Amber DATE: September 13, 2010 SUBJECT: Determination of Economic Health Because of the importance of the United State’s economic health, it is very important to understand and make oneself knowledgeable of the gross domestic product, the determination of fiscal policies, and the effects of fiscal policies on employment and production. The gross domestic product, also known as GDP, is a monetary measure of the economy’s production. The entire health of a local, state, and national economy lies in the numbers that the GDP provides us. If there is a higher production from the nation’s businesses then there will be an increase in the GDP. However, if the production numbers fall, the GDP will decrease. If the GDP decreases for two uninterrupted quarters then the economy is said to be in a recession. The fluctuations spoken of are deemed the “business cycle.” The business cycle consists of four phases: expansion, peak, contraction, and trough. Expansion: Expansion is an acceleration of the pace of economic activity. Peak: Peak is the point in which the business cycle takes an upward turn. Contraction: Contraction is the opposite of expansion in where the pace of economic activity has slowed down. If a contraction is severe, it is a recession. Trough: Trough is the lower turning point in the business cycle where a contraction turns into an expansion. A deep trough is also known as a depression. The fiscal policy is used to control spending...
Words: 612 - Pages: 3
...Measuring Economic Health Memo Eco/212 Febrero 14, 2012 University of Phoenix Measuring Economic Health Memo Una de la mejor manera de entender la economía y un ciclo de negocios es ver el producto interno bruto (GDP). Esta es la estadística más utilizada para medir, evaluar y predecir la economía y los ciclos económicos. Hay tres principales cuotas del cálculo de GDP y es importante tener esto en cuenta y no mezclar los tres. El GDP se define como el valor de todos los bienes y servicios finales producidos en un país durante un año. El GDP real es el valor evaluado en un ano a base y corrige los efectos de la inflación. GDP nominal es mucho mayor que el GDP real a causa de esto, lo que a comparación ano a ano puede ser lo más preciso probable de la oficina de análisis económico (BEA) informa del GDP real en una base trimestral y revisa el próximo trimestre hasta alcanzar las mejores que dispongan los datos. La BEA hace tres distinciones importantes cuando se calcula el GDP. En primer lugar, las importaciones y los ingresos de las empresas y las personas fuera de los estados unidos no están incluidos de manera que los impactos de los tipos de cambios no empana la figura. Segundo, el resultado de la inflación se elimina. Solo los productos finales no se cuentan a los componentes que conforman el producto (AMADEO). La oficina de manejo y presupuesto (OMB) pronostico del GDP y en la actualidad predice que el crecimiento de 2011 a un 4% y entre 2011 y 2015 para tener un...
Words: 518 - Pages: 3
...| | |PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE |Credit Program Officer, Millennium Challenge Account-Armenia Program, Foreign Financing Projects Management Center State | | |Institution, Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia, February 2012 – current | | |Overall management, oversight and evaluation of implementation of the MCA-Armenia | | |Credit Program (total portfolio 8.5 mln USD), preparation of the reports, memos and other papers on the progress of the Project | | |Review reports, other deliverables and implementation documents developed and submitted by the MCA-Armenia Credit Program | | |implementer | | |Monitoring and analysis of rural financial market development trends, study of the policies for the Rural Financial Market | | |development | | |Consultations and coordination with stakeholders and donors working in the area of rural...
Words: 1971 - Pages: 8
...Executive Officer of ABC Company From: The Executive Assistant Date: May 7, 2011 Subject: Summary of the book “fall: America, free markets, and the sinking of the world’s economy by Joseph E. Stiglitz”, findings, and recommendations/ conclusions. Introduction This memo aims at giving an overview of the book written by Joseph E. Stiglitz that talk about the America, free markets, and how the world’s economy is sinking. In addition, alongside the review the purpose of this memo is to provide the findings about the various changes that have resulted in the current economic situation. This is because the main area of focus will be on emerging changes in the financial or regulatory environment. Towards the end, of the memo, conclusion and various recommendations concerning the business will be highlighted. The author of the book is one of the world leading scholar and an expert on market failure. His latest book about the freefall is comprehensive and up to date as it is made up of both the theories and facts. This is one of the most compulsory books for everyone who aims at understanding the financial crisis experienced. In his book, the author has tried to analyze the various economic reasons for the fall of banks. In addition, he goes ahead to expound on the misled faith of the entire nation concerning the ability of the free market to regulate themselves and guarantee wealth to others. In his work, the author has tried as much as possible to criticize those...
Words: 1631 - Pages: 7
...Business Recommendations Memo ECO/561 Business Recommendations Memo Team D International battery manufacturing company, Larson Inc, operating between the U.S. and Germany, is facing a competitive market requiring strategic business planning in how to best improve the overall growth and strength of the company. Concerns with the economic futures must be acknowledged to increase their profits (Larson Scenario, 2010). For Larson to grow, management must make projections based these specific conditions over the next few years that will benefit Larson’s production of batteries and distribute them in the global market. This discussion summarizes courses of action Larson Inc. must consider based on the possible economic future. Alternative Economic Futures Larson Inc. expects to go through economic changes in the next five years that will ultimately determine the economic viability of the company. Recession, recovery, and peaks are guaranteed during this time period. With these imminent economic futures, it is imperative that Larson Inc. instill measures which maximize profitability and productivity in both the American and German markets. The instances of interrupted growth in industry are usually associated with business cycles (McConnell, Brue, & Flynn, 2009). Larson may face several of these changes in the economy and possessing the ability to predict these and how to handle them is a process that must be studied...
Words: 1102 - Pages: 5
...Measuring Economic Health Memo Christina Roddey ECO/212 June 13, 2011 Luis Torres Introduction When it comes to measuring economic health, there are important things to remember. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is primary used to measure the economy’s health. Fiscal policies are organized by the government to figure out what caused the unhealthy changes in the economy. The Use of Gross Domestic Product Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a measure of the gross national output; it’s a cumulative of all the consumption of the all the consumption of the all households in an economy. The consumption or spending by the government into different economic welfare activities such as education, healthcare, welfare and military, private domestic investments in way of new projects and buying capital goods and a net current account balances. The business cycle is the growing and shrinking of the economy. When measuring a business cycle, it changes in real GDP which focus on the changes in output. There are four parts of the business cycle which are – peak, contraction, trough, and expansion. Information has to be collected after a certain time frame is completed, in which, the business cycles are next translated between the changing periods of economic recession or economic expansion. Roles of Government Bodies National fiscal policies are arranged by the President and Congress. They have steps that helps determine the policies. First, the U.S. Government Accountability...
Words: 440 - Pages: 2
...environmental consequences. The Learning Team will play the role of a team of environmental analysts presenting a proposal to the Kelsey City Council. Resources: the City of Kelsey on the Virtual Organizations Portal, Memo: Energy Policy Presentation from the City Government section of the City of Kelsey site on the Virtual Organizations portal Research your chosen policy, instances in which similar approaches have been tried, and alternative approaches to increasing energy efficiency. Prepare a 10- to 15-slide Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation supporting your chosen incentive-based policy. Include the following elements: • Describe your chosen policy proposal. • Contrast the economics of your chosen policy proposal with the current energy policy in Kelsey. • Contrast the economics of your chosen policy proposal with a decentralized approach to energy policy. • Contrast the economics of your chosen policy proposal with a standards-based approach to energy policy. • Summarize the economic and environmental benefits of your chosen policy proposal. • Summarize the economic and environmental costs of your chosen policy proposal. • Compare your chosen policy proposal with a similar program in another location. Summarize the economic results from the other location and explain...
Words: 332 - Pages: 2
...GROUP PROJECT Case Study: Initial Public Offering of Ordinary Shares of AirAsia X Berhad Memo COURSE CODE : GSM 5421 COURSE NAME : INVESTMENT ANALYSIS TRIMESTER : 2012/2013 LECTURER : DR. CHEN CHAW MIN DATE OF SUBMISSION : 20 JULY 2013 FOREIGN INVESTORS GROUP MEMBERS: Memo To: Joe Campos, VP of Sales From: Kate Chaplain, Senior Sales Associate Date: April 5, 2013 Subject: Quarterly Review Mr. Campos, Purpose: Air Asia X Berhad Initial Public Offerings (IPO) of Ordinary Shares Road Show was held on the 29th of June 2013. The purpose of this memo is to determine whether we, as large foreign institutional investors should buy or not to buy Air Asia X Berhad IPO shares with fundamental analysis and findings. Besides deciding whether to buy or not to buy, we will justify the reasons underlying our decision that we have come across that we are not buying Air Asia X Berhad IPO shares. Background: Air Asia X is a long-haul, budget airline based in Malaysia. The airline is operated by Air Asia X Sdn. Bhd. It is claimed by the company’s management that they are a leading low-cost, Long-haul airline, operating primarily in the Asia Pacific Region. Also, they believe that they have the lowest unit cost base of any airline in the world. This in turn has enabled them to offer fares that are targeted, on average, to be 30% - 50% lower than FSCs and to stimulate new market demand, whereby passenger volumes between Kuala Lumpur and other destinations they serve...
Words: 1492 - Pages: 6
...TO: CMNS125 FROM: Komal Lagah RE: Introducing new friend and classmate Eddie Senkler DATE: September 12, 2015 This memo provides you with an opportunity to meet my friend Eddie Senkler, who is a second year business student at University of the Fraser Valley. He was born triplets in Langley and still living there with his family. Eddie feels UFV is a little bit cheaper than other universities and also close to his house as he belongs to Langley and as such it is easier for him to drive to Abbotsford. Talking about the interests of Senkler, he is keenly interested in Economics and therefore he is thinking of doing his business degree with economics as his major. When asked about his liking of Economics, I found that graphs and relations interests him a lot. Moreover, I personally believe that economics is a great field if you are interested in pursuing it for future and as such I appreciate his choice in the career field. While discussing about Eddie’s first job, I came to know that he worked in COSTCO in the bakery and later on he also worked in Cannery for some time. Eddie is currently working in RIGS, a kind of firm that count inventory for stores or you could call it Audit kind of job. He likes his job as it provides him with an opportunity to meet variety of people as well as to go to different places. His job is going to have positive effect on his career as he is planning to start his own business in future. Business is all about...
Words: 484 - Pages: 2
...1 Measuring Economic Health Memo Felicia Tate-Harris ECO/212 – Week Four 3/21/2012 ------------------------------------------------- Rana Hashemi Haeri MEMORANDUM TO: Rana Hashemi Haeri FROM: Felicia Tate-Harris DATE: March 21, 2012 RE: Measuring Economic Health Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Economic growth is measured in terms of an increase in the size of a nation's economy. A broad measure of an economy's size is its output. The most widely-used measure of economic output is the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). GDP generally is defined as the market value of the goods and services produced by a country. One way to calculate a nation's GDP is to sum all expenditures in the country. This method is known as the expenditure approach and is described below. 2 There are four government bodies that are involved in the national fiscal policies: * Department of Treasury - The Department of Treasury is the main body that will manage and design the fiscal policy. * Office of management and budget - The office of management and budget, is the section of the government that will develop and analyze fiscal policy. * Office of the president - The office of the president has an input on the decision making regarding the fiscal policy. * Government accountability - There is a government accountability office that will audit the fiscal policy. The Effects of Fiscal Policies on the economy’s Production and Employment: A good fiscal policy means having...
Words: 476 - Pages: 2
...3. Land, as a resource, can lead to economic growth in a number of ways. One being the search and discovery of natural resources by way of mining, digging, and drilling. When natural resources like oil are found, it attracts people. It does this because people are able to enter the oil industry. They make good wages and the local economy grows because of this job growth that is based on the discovery of this natural resource. The growth of the local economy leads to big investments in roads and airports. In turn, this leads to increased long-term productivity, not only in oil-related industries but also in the rest of the local economy. This kind of economic growth has a ripple effect on the rest of the local and larger economy. Not only do oil-related industries end up doing well, but the rest of the local economy picks up as well. These linkages help resource-rich areas remain productive even when local prices are higher or the economy goes up and down in other areas. Land can also be used to promote economic growth by way of conservation. Outdoor recreation such as hunting, fishing, hiking, and wildlife watching is big business. It brings day and overnight visitors to an area and communities reap the economic benefits when visitors buy meals and snacks, stay overnight in hotels, buy specialized equipment, lease land, and pay for travel costs. When a community protects its natural resources, it protects the reason outdoor tourists come to the community. Wildlife is a multibillion...
Words: 4368 - Pages: 18
...Chapters 1. Cover page 2. Outline of Assignment 3. A Business Letter 4. A Business Memo 5. An E-mail Message 6. Reflection Dear Store managers: The company is writing this letter to inform every one of the new changes in the company that are effective immediately. As we all know the economy is changing and gas prices are on the rise and it is causing issues amongst our workers. In order to comply with these issues we have developed a plan to alleviate this situation. The company has decided to cut the hours of the full-time employees and managers. The store has placed them on a 10-hour, four-day work week. The store has placed the part-time workers on a minimal schedule. Their schedule will consist of one, two, or three day work week depending on the full-timer’s schedules. The stores hours of operations have also changed. We will no longer be open on Sundays. Monday through Saturday the store will open an hour later, and the store will close an hour earlier. The reasoning behind all of this is due to the downturn of the economy in addition to keeping business cost down. As a member of the team I know we must place the well-being of our workers first. Our workers are the backbone of the store, if they leave, then where would we be as a retail store. Our workers are who keep the business running. During these hard economic times, adjusting the schedules and changing hours of operations is in the best interest of the store...
Words: 363 - Pages: 2
...PESTE and Porter’s five forces in order to give you a deeper understanding of the industry your company will be working in. We take a strategic and marketing view in this analysis and we will be following this up with a more accounting and finance focused analysis of your company. From our research, we would like to highlight the following conclusions: 1. The strategy of Northern Rush should be cost leadership. 2. There exists a substantial amount of competition in this industry. 3. Northern Rush has a unique advantage due to its marketing strategy and social benefits. The remaining of this memo will make a complete analysis of PESTE and porter’s five forces, their effect on Northern Rush, and the key factors that will lead to Northern Rush’s success. PESTE There are no significant political or environmental issues that affect Northern Rush. Economic: * The Canadian market for home furnishing has recovered more quickly than their US counterpart. * The recent reduction in oil prices has lowered delivery costs for firms. * The cost of borrowing is low if Northern Rush decides to seek external financing. * The home furnishing industry is largely considered to be a competitive industry where firms are price takers. Social: * Canadians are extremely proud and supportive of local Canadian companies. * There is a great amount of support in the community to help university students with their start-ups.1 * It is easier to sell locally...
Words: 1153 - Pages: 5
... |15% | |5. |Business Maths |10% | |6. |Business Statistic |10% | |7. |HRM |10% | |8. |Business Communication and Report Writing |10% | |9. |Micro Economics |5% | |10. |Macro Economics |5% | | |Total |100% | |Management Sciences...
Words: 825 - Pages: 4
...Tucker Hansson, chief executive officer from: date: September 29, 2009 ------------------------------------------------- subject: INVESTMENT IN GOLIATH FACILITY ------------------------------------------------- Mr. Hansson, After reviewing the Goliath proposal and accompanying financial statements, it is our recommendation that HPL pursue the $170 million expansion of manufacturing capacity. Although the project involves some risks and opportunity costs, our analysis suggests that the project has a very high positive NPV that more than outweighs any such concerns. In addition to increasing market share and reducing costs, the Goliath project will have a positive effect on employee morale and productivity. The remainder of this memo will present the arguments for/against expansion, as well as the associated business risks. I. Arguments Supporting Expansion * Based on our assumptions in the financial model, the Goliath project has an NPV= $105,060,315 even with a conservative weighted average cost of capital of 10%. * The sensitivity analysis tables in the financial model clearly show that the project has a positive NPV even when the assumptions are modified. * The project increases HPL’s market share and profits. * Additional capacity will reduce costs. * HPL can capitalize on the first mover’s advantage, as private label growth is too modest to support multiple producers. * The growth will substantially boost employee morale and will foster...
Words: 599 - Pages: 3
