...Unemployment and Politics Does the rate of unemployment coincide with a President's political party? In this article, it states the significant difference of the Presidencies among Truman, Johnson, Nixon, and Clinton than that of the Presidencies among Kennedy, Reagan and Obama. During the Presidencies of Truman, Nixon, and Clinton, the unemployment rate was falling. During the Presidencies of Kennedy, Reagan, and Obama, the unemployment rate was rising. Within these examples given, there were representatives of both political parties when unemployment was rising and went it was falling. This article goes more heavily into detail about the elections between George H. W. Bush and Bill Clinton. While Bush was in office, America's economy was in a recession. Approaching election year, the recession ended and the economy was slowly growing but unemployment was still rising. Bush had promised a more steady-paced increase in economic stability, but economists felt it was, "too little, too late." Although the economy was growing at about 2 percent, during previous years the normal economic growth rate for the incumbent parties was about 4.6 percent. President Clinton was elected as President and America's economy began to grow drastically. In result, Clinton was re-elected for a second term, as President of the United States of America. In class, we have studied that the target rate for unemployment is about five percent at full employment, which is what was highlighted...
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...History, Economics & Politics | | | | | 2/21/2013 | | In this research paper I will be discussing three topics of the country of Bolivia. The three topics that I will be discussing is history of Bolivia during the 20th century, the current economic situation, and the politics of the country of Bolivia. The first topic that I am going to discuss is 20th century history of Bolivia. A major turning point in the history of this country is the Chaco War. This took place from 1932 to 1935. This was a war between Paraguay and Bolivia over a region that was known for being rich in oil. Paraguay defeated Bolivia which cost the lives of many Bolivians and the oil rich territory. The conflict also discredited their government. From 1941 to 1964 the Nationalist Revolutionary Movement, or MNR along with President Paz Estenssoro were the government figures that ruled Bolivia. This movement was the most important political party during the 20th century. This political party started out as a leftist/reformist party but has since moved sharply to the right. From 1965 to 2005 Bolivia struggled with electing a president that would be good for economy until they elected President Evo Morales. During the 1900’s indigenous people were not treated like they were citizens of Bolivia. Their living conditions were deplorable and they were forced to work under primitive conditions in the mines and on estates. They were also denied access to education, economic opportunity...
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...1. Summary: The Indian government has the power to acquire private land for public use (the philosophy of eminent domain). Land acquisition is a very important and absolutely necessary activity that every government must undertake, and it is absolutely imperative that the government have a clear, just and feasible policy regarding land acquisition that provides fair compensation to the parties affected by the acquisition. A land acquisition policy must be clear on the factors mentioned blow: 1. The definition of public use (or the type of projects that the policy is applicable for): In general, the definition includes strategic purposes (those relating to Defense), infrastructure projects for development of villages, etc. 2. What all kinds of land can be acquired and how much of it: In all cases, there are restrictions that the land acquisition must not impair historical or artistic monuments of importance or desecrate religious structures, graveyards, etc. Due to concerns pertaining to food safety, in India, restrictions are often imposed on the acquisition of irrigated multi crop lands. 3. Who the affected parties are (or who are to be compensated): Land owners are the most obvious affected parties (they are always considered among those to be compensated). But people depended on the land indirectly, like landless labourers working on the land and others who depend on the land for livelihood, are also affected, often adversely. 4. In what form the...
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...Exploring The Role Of Government Watchdogs In Canada And Its Influence On Society, Economics, And Politics Introduction In our increasingly neoliberalized and privatized society, the concept of governance and ethical conduct has been falling from the grips of public dialogue and discussion. Self-regulation has become a “mantra for both governments and private industry in the neoliberal era (Burch et al., 2013, p. 259). Given the onset of recent environmental disasters related to the oil and gas industry, the oligarchic telecommunications industry, and our crippling health care system, the role for government watchdogs becomes ever more so important. Thus for any type of change to occur, effective governance is important as it must also progress with any changes in society (Marin, 2009). For this to occur, this requires an ombudsman - also known as a watchdog, or adjudicator who has the “power to set standards and apply sanctions” (Burch et al., 2013, p. 259). The ombudsman or watchdog acts as a “moral compass and societal conscience,” making it even more relevant in today’s 21st century (Marin, 2009). However, in the event that the ombudsman/watchdog model is unable to help with any type of meaningful reform or provide justice, it starts to experience public criticism. Therefore, the focus of this paper will be to explore the role of government watchdogs in Canada and their decreasing influence on public and private sector institutions. In doing so, it will be understood...
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...Set of Reflections on Filipino Culture, Nationalism, Economic Development, and Philippine Politics and Democracy By: Virgilio Angelo G. Gener A Review and an Overview – the Introduction As I begin to think on what I will write on my reflections on the significant lessons and insights that I have distilled in my readings for the past two months, I remember that American journalist and essayist Henry Louis “H.L.” Mencken once opined that: “A Historian by his nature, is an unsuccessful novelist.” If there is a commonality that I have noticed in the methodology of writing of the scholarly articles that I have read, it is the fact that majority of them was written in a narrative and historical standpoint. Thus, when I was brainstorming prior to the completion and formal writing of this essay, I deemed it necessary that the methodology or mode of presentation of my reflective essay should complement the style of writing the journal articles were presented. This was one of the things that I had in mind and served as my setback in finally commencing the writing of my reflective essay. The past two months of attending classes and racing through the pages of the assigned readings were, in my own personal opinion, a review of history as well as an overview of the opinions of scholars on certain social aspects, whether they be on the past, present, or the uncertain future of the Philippines. It is a review, since most of the readings discussed matters and happenings that were...
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...years old and applying to study Politics and Economics. Neither subject was an option for me to do as a GCSE subject in my school. However from an early age as a child growing up in Sierra Leone, a country that was recovering from 10years of civil war, I have always had a keen interest in politics and the economy we live in. I used to love watching the news channel and also listening to adult talk about politics and the state of the economy. My interest in politics and economics made it impossible for me to choose between the two degrees so I am very grateful to have the chance to study both. My enthusiasm for politics and economy reach a new level in 2014. At this time Sierra Leone my birthplace and its neighbour Guinea and Liberia were suffering from the outbreak of Ebola. These three countries have economy which in my opinion is badly run by its government and corruption is also a big issue.. I was sad by the facts that I could not do anything to help. This led me to make the decision that I had to gain more knowledge in politics and economics. I believe politics and economics are two subjects that closely linked and understanding both is the only way to understand how our society functions. This is because it gives you better understanding of the key roles government play in the economy and what effect their policy will have on the economy. Since deciding to study Politics and Economics, in October 2014 I applied to study AS level Economics through the Open University. One...
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...WHAT IS POLITICS? Why do we have to be interested in politics? If you’re not, others will influence the decisions that govern your lives. For example, who decides to declare war, to fix taxes….Ignorant is manipulated. Aristotle, the founder of the discipline, called politics the “master science”: he meant that almost everything happens in a political context. For example, politics is connected to economics: suppose a hurricane or earthquake strikes a country, in this case it is the political system that decides for example which victims to aid. The disaster is natural, but its impact on society is controlled by politics. Politics may be immoral: we have a misuse of power, corruption…. But even if we don’t like these features, we have to understand how things go on: how A gets B to do what A wants. This is what Political Science tries to explain. Political Science is related to the other social sciences: - History: it’s an important source of data for political scientists (if we analyze the Cold War (1947-1989), we have to know the events so history). But the data are handled differently: political scientists look for generalizations, historians for details. - Geography: physical and human (ethnic areas, regions …….) - Economics: many political quarrels are economic. A good economic development may be the basis for democracy, only few poor countries are democratic. - Sociology: Political Science starts by looking at society to see “who thinks what”about politics. For example...
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...Book analysis-----“Winner-Take-All Politics” Jingshu Xu This book discusses the rising income inequality in America. During the last 30 years, the very wealthy people enjoy the unbalanced government politics and the middle class goes missing. The richer you are, the more you have benefited from economic changes. On the opposite, the poorer get the worse economic life and the middle class become vulnerable. The author give some statistics, since 1978—the richest 1% gaining 256% after inflation while the income of the lower earning 80% grew only 20%. In addition, the authors point out that it is not the market that makes this happen, but the politics. This book is divided into three parts. First, in Part One, the authors raise a question about the how the puzzling politics of winner-take-all politics formed. In chapter 1, the authors use Piketty and Saez’s results of research. Rather than talking to witnesses, which is useless because it is not easy to find the super rich people and know their exact income, Piketty and Saez’s look into their income reported when paying taxes. However, the authors mention that argue that many of the explanations simply don't explain what is going on because it does not consider the government’s effect on incomes as well as tally up private noncash compensation. While the authors agree that technological change is part of the reason, they consider that politics plays a key role. Chapter 2 talks about the how the winner-take-all economy was made...
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...of Social Sciences University of Uyo, Uyo. Submitted To Dr Uko Uwak Lecturer in change Pol 314; Politics of Development and Underdevelopment Department of political science and public administration Faculty of Social Sciences University of Uyo, Uyo. July, 2014. BOOK REVIEW Title: Development and underdevelopment: Politics of the north-south divide Author: O. O. Okereke/ A. E. Ekpe Place of Publication: Enugu-Nigeria Publishers: John Jacobs Classic Publishers Ltd. Year of publication: 2002 Numbers of Chapters: Nine Chapters Price of the book: Not Stated Numbers of pages: XV + 198 = 213 ISBN: 978-050-276-9 Reviewer: Johnson, Nsikak Emmanuel INTRODUCTION - PURPOSE OF THE BOOK Development and underdevelopment: The politics of the north-south divide is written specifically to keep the students and the general public abreast of the causes and reasons for Africa, Asia and Latin America Perpetual underdevelopment despite the enormous human and materials resources God deposited in the continent. According to the author of the book, development and underdevelopment: Politics of the north-south divide was written with the intention to familiarize the readers with exciting and challenging subject of political economy of development and underdevelopment. It endeavour to expose the students to various strands of perspectives that are inherent in the study of politics of development and underdevelopment- it is the anticipation of the author that the book would be a good...
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...Введение в Политологию Программа учебного курса Российская экономическая школа, совместный бакалавриат РЭШ-ВШЭ, весенний семестр 2014 года (64 часа в аудитории) Преподаватель – Балалаева Дина Яновна, Ph.D. Занятия: лекция - среда, 15:10-16:30, семинар- 13:40-15:00 Консультации – TBA Компетенции, формируемые в результате освоения дисциплины: В результате освоения дисциплины студент должен обладать следующими общекультурными (ОК) и профессиональными компетенциями (ПК): ОК-4, ПК-8, ПК-9 Общий объем аудиторных часов – 64 в том числе: лекции – 32 часа. практические занятия - 32 часа. Промежуточный контроль – статья. Краткая аннотация Данный курс по «Сравнительной политологии» охватывает наиболее важные темы дисциплины и прослеживает развитие методологии от сравнительных кейс-стади до крупномасштабных межвременных исследований и экспериментов на местах. Почему, в среднем, самые богатые страны – демократии? Или, заимствуя вопрос Л. Даймонда (2010), почему мир не знает ни одной арабской демократии? Почему авторитаризм не помешал (помог?) «азиатским тиграм»? Насколько устойчивы гибриды? В чем «секрет эффективности» парламентской формы правления? Почему страны с пропорциональной системой выборов больше тратят на социальные расходы, чем страны с мажоритарной формулой? Производят ли федерации больше технологических инноваций, чем унитарные государства? Каково оптимальное...
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...phone: 327-3079 e-mail: greskovi@ceu.hu Time: tba. Room: tba. Office Hours: tba. This course introduces students into three traditions of thought on the relationship between politics and the economy: both the economic constraints on politics and the political embeddedness of the economy. The conceptual frameworks studied include Neo-Marxist and Marx-inspired theories, historical institutionalism, and economic approaches to politics based on the assumptions of neo-classical economics. Students will be acquainted with these lines of thought by discussing important works by representative authors. Readings by Wallerstein, Cardoso and Faletto, Wright, and Mamalakis, represent world-sytem analysis, the dependencia thought, analytic Marxism, and sectoral theory. Historical institutionalism is discussed on the basis of the path-breaking work of Polanyi, and the comparative studies of Schoenfield, Katzenstein, and Gourevitch, who focus, respectively, on the changing balance of public and private power, variants of corporatism, and state autonomy in capitalist societies. Finally, Downs’ economic theory of democracy, the rival views of collective action by Olson, and Hirschman, and North’s work on the relationship between institutional change and economic performance introduce the economic approaches to politics. Requirements and grading Active participation in in-class discussions (20% of final grade) Four 2-3 pages long position papers on the readings over the term. Going beyond...
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...of the Nigerian society are interested in the political future of the nation. However, this interest is approached from various dimensions. A major interest in the Nigerian polity is the relationship between religion and politics. The Nigerian society is religiously pluralized and this significantly influences political decisions and policies of the nation. On the other hand, there are people who hold the strong opinion that this relationship should not be stressed and that religion and politics should be allowed to operate separately without one interfering with the other. Those who hold this view argued essentially from the position that religion mixed politics is mostly like to imbibe various vices associated with politics. Also that politics may not be properly and dispassionately played if mixed with religion. 1.2. DEFINITION OF TERMS For a better appreciation of the objectives of this paper, it is perhaps good for us to attempt definitions of some key terms 1.2.1. Religion The Oxford Learners Dictionary explained religion as the belief in a super human controlling power that is entitled to obedience and worship. It goes further to state that it is a particular system of faith and worship that one is entitled to. 1.2.2. Politics Politics is about the...
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...understanding of the part played by the Indian subcontinent role and its people in the making of the modern world. From the decline of the great empire of the Mughals and the rise of British hegemony, to the rise of nationalism, the coming of independence and partition, the consolidation of new nation states despite regional wars and conflicts, and the emergence of India as the largest democracy in the world, this paper is a comprehensive and analytical survey of the subcontinent's modern history. The dynamic and complex relationships between changing forms of political power and religious identities, economic transformations, and social and cultural change are studied in the period from 1757 to 2007. In normal circumstances students will be given 6 supervisions in groups of 1 or 2. Key themes and brief overview: The paper begins by examining the rise of British power in the context of economic developments indigenous to southern Asia; it analyses the role played by Indian polities and social groups in the expansion of the East India Company's activities. It tracks the emergence of modern intelligentsias and their definitions of what constituted proper religious, public and domestic behaviour. The paper places these changes in the context of the concurrent decline of Indian handicrafts and the impact of British revenue arrangements on rural society, and explores India's place in the...
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...and its Role in the Economy * Fiscal Policy in the Developing World * A Brief Overview of Political Economy * Approaches to Fiscal Politics * Characteristics of Fiscal Policy in Bangladesh * Political Culture in Bangladesh and Effect on the Economy * References Aim of the Paper * To analyze how political variables affect the fiscal policy decision making process and study the political process and culture and the institutional constraints in context of Bangladesh to see the effect they have on the fiscal decision making * The research will be conducted through literature review and interview and based on the data between 1972 to 2012. Fiscal Policy: Definition and its Role on the Economy * Fiscal policy – essentially a budget policy encompassing all measures pertaining to the level and structure of government’s financial operations - public revenue, public borrowing and public expenditure . * It seeks to influence the aggregate demand curve through conscious setting of spending and taxation by government policymakers. Politics invariably affects the decision making process. * Basic goals of fiscal policy: * Attain full employment level of equilibrium * Maintain full employment once it is attained * Maintain economic stabilization Effect on the aggregate demand curve of goods and services in the short run and on saving, investment and growth in the long run. Fiscal Policy...
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...Complex Interdependence In 1970s, a new perspective known as transnational relations arose to question realism key assumptions of state as main and the only actor of world politics. This theory gave a new analytical framework to understand the international relations which was contrary to the state centric paradigm of realism. With complex interdependence as its central concept, this theoretical analysis advanced “synthesis of liberal + realist perspectives by constructing a way of looking at world politics and also the idea of institutionalism to foster cooperation”. It is asked how under conditions of complex interdependence world politics would be different than under realist conditions means this analysis ask to see “ what realism overlooked”. The phenomenon of Interdependence is not new; states have always been interdependent on each other for their economic functions and especially for security purposes. We have seen the complicated interdependence among states in the alliance system to achieve their political ends before First World War. The earliest example of interdependence comes from Norman Angell’s “The great illusion (1910) when he said the economic interdependence will minimize the occurrence of war on the basis of cost-benefit analysis.” Countries are dependent on each other for trade and transaction, they interact globally e.g. flow of money, goods, people and messages across international boundaries but all transactions among countries are not characterized by...
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