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Ecosystem Task 2

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Submitted By oracio
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Systems of Natural Science 114.2.3 Ecosystems

Chesapeake Bay Ecosystem
(Taylor & Allen)

• The Bay is approx. 200 miles long, from Havre de Grace, Maryland to Virginia Beach, Virginia • The Bay's width ranges from 4 miles near Aberdeen, Maryland, to 30 miles near Cape Charles, Virginia

Major Components Chesapeake Bay Ecosystem
Biotic Components (Living) Abiotic Components (Non-living)

• • • • • •

350 species of fish Crabs Shellfish Birds Mammals Reptiles and Amphibians
(Bay stat)

• • • • •

Water Quality Sunlight Weather Soil Air (pollution)

Current Human Impact on Chesapeake Bay Ecosystem
Air Pollution
 Vehicles, industries, power plants, gas-powered lawn tools, and farm operations: Almost one third of the nitrogen that pollutes the Bay and its rivers comes from the air Pollution from a very large geographic area can eventually wind up in the Bay

Water Quality
 Fertilizers, waste water and vehicle emissions: • • Increased nitrogen and phosphorus fuels unnaturally high algae growth in the water Algae turns color of the water brownish or greenish - blocking sunlight from reaching underwater grasses When algae die they are decomposed by bacteria that consume the oxygen needed by other aquatic creatures in the bay Without enough oxygen dissolved in the water, aquatic creatures like fish, blue crabs and oysters become stressed or even die.







Air and water pollution are not separate problems. There is a close link between the health of our air and the health of our water




(Bay stat)

Current Human Impact on Chesapeake Bay Ecosystem
 Over Harvesting of Oysters
• Harms local economy (catch, sale, shucking, packing and shipping)
• • • • Since late 19th century contributed millions of dollars Was Bay’s most valuable commercial fisheries Offers less surface area for reef-dwelling invertebrates Impacts larger fish, blue crabs

• Demise of Bay’s healthy oyster reefs

• Late 19th century Native Bay Oysters could filter volume of entire Bay every three – four days
• Today’s depleted population takes almost a year

("Facts & Figures - Chesapeake Bay Program", n.d.)

Future Impact on Chesapeake Bay Ecosystem
• Extinction or severe decline of native species
• • • • Invasion of non-native species Pollution and habitat alteration Habitat loss and fragmentation Less stable and/or less valuable, hospitable, and desirable for humans as food and material resources • Less places for recreation
(Duffy)

Guidelines on How to Assist in Preserving the Chesapeake Bay Ecosystem
• Reduce, eliminate or utilize natural fertilizers for our lawns • Conserve water usage
– direct rainwater from roofs, sidewalks and parking lots into rain barrels or rain gardens – reduce pressure on aging storm water infrastructure

• • • •

Reduce use of vehicles reduces air pollution Limit crabbing Re-introduce Oysters Green Roofs
– Large commercial and institutional properties, absorb rain so it doesn’t need to be discharged to a concrete system that is expensive to build and maintain. – Increases the life of roofing systems, provides insulation, reduces heating and cooling

(Bay stats)

References
Duffy, J. E. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.vims.edu/research/units/programs/icccr/_docs/coastal n.a. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.baystat.maryland.gov/sources.html (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.chesapeakebay.net/discover/bay101/facts Taylor, V., & Allen, P. (Map). Retrieved from http://www.chesapeakebaysampler.com/map.htm

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