... A. If everyone lived like you, we’d need __4.4_____ Planet Earths to provide enough resources. B. To support your lifestyle, it takes ___19.7____ global acres of Earth’s productive area. 3. One chip in a computer is all that needs changed- I looked up changes for a mac between years and there are more than just a chip change, but the difference is so slight that it doesn’t really change performance. http://www.imore.com/macbook-pro-retina-display-13-inch-vs-15-inch-which-powerful-mac-laptop-right-you We see over 3,000 ads a day?- this is correct anywhere from 2,000 to 20,00 http://www.fluiddrivemedia.com/advertising/marketing-messages/ We need over 4 earths at the rate we are going- this is correct http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/page/calculators/ Planned obsolesce- designed for the dump- make stuff to be useless as quickly as possible so we toss and buy more. Perceived obsolesce –Companies convince us to throw away stuff that still works, do this to get us to buy more by changing the looks. It was very informative and gave a lot of good points. It makes me think twice before I buy something in style because in a couple months it will be out and I will have lost money. I think that it could be expanded on but 21 minutes was long enough. The video on the West Virginia coal mining and destruction of the land made me sad. I have heard people say that coal is bad, but I thought most of that was due to the toxins it...
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...WP/04/12 The Late 1990s Financial Crisis in Ecuador: Institutional Weaknesses, Fiscal Rigidities, and Financial Dollarization at Work Luis I. Jacome H. © 2004 International Monetary Fund WP/04/12 IMF Working Paper Monetary and Financial Systems Department The Late 1990s Financial Crisis in Ecuador: Institutional Weaknesses, Fiscal Rigidities, and Financial Dollarization at Work Prepared by Luis I. Jácome H.1 Authorized for distribution by Mark Swinburne January 2004 Abstract This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF. The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. This paper stresses three factors that amplified the 1990s financial crisis in Ecuador, namely institutional weaknesses, rigidities in public finances, and high financial dollarization. Institutional factors restricted the government’s ability to respond in a timely manner and efficiently enough to prevent the escalation of the banking crisis and spurred the adoption of suboptimal policy decisions. Public finance rigidities limited the government’s capacity to correct existing imbalances and the deteriorating fiscal stance associated with the costs of the financial crisis. Financial dollarization increasingly reduced the effectiveness of financial ...
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...Market and Industry Dynamics in the Global Tuna Supply Chain Amanda Hamilton I Antony Lewis I Mike A. McCoy Elizabeth Havice I Liam Campling June 2011 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study would not have been possible without the kind assistance of hundreds of people who made time available to meet with members of the consulting team during in-country visits and who provided valuable insights and data. Analytical and research support was also provided by several international fisheries experts, as well as logistical support from a number of industry representatives. The consultants and the FFA Secretariat gratefully acknowledge and extend their sincere thanks to all persons who assisted Pacarrying out this study. ce for in cif ic P eo ple A In particular, special thanks is extended to the following people who provided assistance over s r Sli aire F and above the norm: Phil Roberts, Hugh Walton, Masao Nakada, Len Rodwell, Peter Terawasi, Marco D’Agostini, Rick Heroux, Kwame Mfodwo, Isamu Murakami, Taro Kawamoto, Ken Banwell, David Webb, Jamie Birch, Alfonso Beitia, Alberto Quinteiro, Vicky Franco, Liu Xiaobing, Davy Chen, Zhao Gang, W.H. Lee, Chris Hsu and Jerry Tsai. 2011 - production of this report was provided by the Funding for the assignment undertaken for the2014 Government of Japan through the Overseas Fisheries Cooperation Foundation. OFCF Funding for the publication and distribution of this report has been provided by the European Union through the DevFish...
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...06.2014 Soraya A. Suarez I. Register Number: 969800 Darmstädter Landstr. 64 60598 Frankfurt Tel: 0176- 708 59654 E-mail: sorayasuarez@gmail.com Cultural Dimensions of Geert Hofstede: Analysis of Colombia 2 Content 1. Introduction............................................2 2. Culture.................................................3 3. Colombia................................................5 4. Cultural Models and Cultural Dimensions.................9 4.1 Geert Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions.................9 4.1.1. Power Distance Index...........................10 4.1.2. Uncertainty Avoidance..........................12 4.1.3. Individualism vs. Collectivism.................13 4.1.4. Masculinity vs. Femininity.....................15 4.1.5. Long vs. Short-term Orientation................16 4.1.6. Indulgence vs. Restraint.......................17 5. Conclusion.............................................20 6. References.............................................21 Table of Figures Colombia Facts & Figures...................................6 Colombia Location, Flag and Coat of Arms...................8 Colombian Population According to Ethnocultural Identity..11 Colombian Culture through the 6-D Model...................13 Cultural Dimensions of Geert Hofstede: Analysis of Colombia 3 1. Introduction With the arise of globalization, the issues about cultural dimensions are of extremely significance to understand cultural differences. It is important that...
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...JetBlue Airways Corporation vs American Airlines Group Inc. JetBlue Airways Corporation vs American Airlines Group Inc. JetBlue Airways Corporation JetBlue Airways is an airline American of low cost belonging to the JetBlue Airways Corporation. The company is headquartered in Forest Hills, near the district of Queens in the city of New York. Its main base is located at the John F. Kennedy International Airport .In 2001 , JetBlue began operations at Long Beach Airport in Long Beach, California, and then in the Logan International Airport in Boston, Massachusetts, in 2004 . It also has operations in Fort Lauderdale, Washington-Dulles and the Orlando International Airport. The airline mainly serves destinations in the United States, with flights to the Caribbean, Bahamas, Bermuda, Mexico, Colombia, and Peru and from 25 February 2016 to Ecuador. David Needleman founded the company in February 1999 under the name "New Air". In September of that same year, the airline you were granted 75 tours in John F. Kennedy International Airport, and the formal authorization of the United States was received in February 2000, beginning operations on 11 February. JetBlue's founders had originally intended to call "taxi" and therefore wear yellow to associate the new airline to the city of New York. The idea was rejected for several reasons: the negative connotation of the taxis of New York; the ambiguity of the word cab with respect to air traffic control; and threats of investor JP Morgan...
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...wars Why ch threat eap bananas Policy en farmers’ report future s A Fairtrade Foundation Report February 2014 When I sell a box of bananas it’s a product with quality, with incredible taste, so it should be fair that you pay a fair price for it. Horatio Hernandez Coobafrio Co-operative, Magdalena, Colombia January 2014 contents 1 Introduction 4 2 6 Executive Summary Britain’s Bruising Banana Wars 16 16 20 21 4 The banana value chain 4.1 The UK banana market 4.2 The retail price of bananas in Britain 4.3 UK banana imports 2002 – 2013 4.4 Changes in banana supply chain operations 4.5 The impact of supermarket price wars on producers 4.6 Producer prices vs costs of sustainable production 22 22 23 5 The market environment for bananas 5.1 Evolution of the global banana trade 5.2 Consolidation of retailer power and UK price wars 5.3 The impact of competition law on banana prices 38 6 Fairtrade’s alternative approach 6.1 General background to the Fairtrade system 6.2 Fairtrade bananas – scope and scale 6.3 airtrade: the benefits and F constraints for farmers and workers 2 3 About this report 3.1 Fairtrade’s involvement in bananas 3.2 Research objectives and approach 3.3 Methodological note 7 Achieving a sustainable banana industry 7.1 inclusive market An for smallholders 7.2 Thriving...
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...Airline Codes JP | Adria Airways | XK | CCM Airlines | YM | Montenegro Airlines | RE | Aer Arann Express | 9M | Central Mountain Air | 9K | Nantucket Airlines | EI | Aer Lingus | CI | China Airlines | RA | Nepal Airways | SU | Aeroflot Russian Airlines | MU | China Eastern Airlines | EJ | New England Airlines | AR | Aerolineas Argentinas | CZ | China Southern Airlines | 2N | Nextjet | AM | Aeromexico | QI | Cimber Air | HG | Niki | VH | Aeropostal | WX | Cityjet Airline | NA | North American Airlines | 8T | Air Tindi | 9L | Colgan Air | HW | North Wright Air | AH | Air Algerie | OH | Comair Inc. | OA | Olympic Airways | AB | Air Berlin | DE | Condor Flugdienst | WY | Oman Air | BP | Air Botswana | CO | Continental Airlines | ON | Our Airline | 2J | Air Burkina | CM | Copa Airlines | 8P | Pacific Coast Airlines | TY | Air Caledonie | SS | Corsair | LW | Pacific Wings | SB | Air Calin | OU | Croatia Airlines | PK | Pakistan International Airways | AC | Air Canada | CU | Cubana Airlines | HI | Papillon Airways | TX | Air Caraibes | CY | Cyprus Airways | KS | Penair | CA | Air China | OK | Czech Airlines | PR | Philippine Airlines | EN | Air Dolomiti | DL | Delta Airlines | PU | Pluna | UX | Air Europa | 7D | DonbassAero | PH | Polynesian Airlines | AF | Air France | KA | Dragonair | NI | Portugalia | AI | Air India | 9H | Dutch Antilles Express | PW | Precision Airlines | I9 | Air Italy | T3 | Eastern Airways | PB | Provincial Airways | ...
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...Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions US vs. India by Edward A. Molnar January 19, 2013 Abstract This article acknowledges the six dimensions of Hofstede’s theory of cultural dimensions, and defines five of them for a comparison between the United States and India. This article shows for the most part, the definitions of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions are correct, but the article did identify some ambiguities while making the comparisons. Finally, future areas of possible research were identified that would assist in the removal of the ambiguities. Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions US vs. India Geert Hofstede’s theory of cultural dimensions was a result of an analysis of a world-wide survey of employee values by IBM in the 1960’s and 1970’s. This theory describes the effects of a society’s culture on the values of that culture’s members and how those values relate to behavior. This is accomplished by using a structure resulting from factor analysis (Hofstede, 2011). This theory has been used as an example for several fields, particularly in cross-cultural psychology (Hofstede, 2011). Geert Hofstede’s original cultural dimensions theory had four dimensions from which cultural values could be analyzed. These four dimensions were: (a) individualism versus collectivism (IDV); (b) uncertainty avoidance (UAI); (c) power distance (PDI); (d) masculinity versus femininity (MAS). While Hofstede was performing research in Hong Kong he added the fifth dimension, long-term...
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...Hofstede's Dimensions of Culture Geert H. Hofstede was born on October 2, 1928 in Haarlem, the Netherlands. He received his M.Sc. from the Delft Institute of Technology in 1953, his Ph.D. (cum laude) from Groningen University in 1967. Hofstede is most well known for his work on four dimensions of cultural variability, commonly referred to as "Hofstede's Dimensions." These include: Uncertainty Avoidance, Power Distance, Masculinity-Femininity, Individualism-Collectivism, and Long-Term/Short Term Orientation. These dimensions were arrived in his 1980 publication, "Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values." The study took existing survey data (sample size of 116,000) collected from a multinational corporation (IBM). The result was a score in each of the dimensions for 40 different countries. During 1978-83, the Dutch cultural anthropologist Geert Hofstede conducted detailed interviews with hundreds of IBM employees in 53 countries. Through standard statistical analysis of fairly large data sets, he was able to determine patterns of similarities and differences among the replies. From this data analysis, he formulated his theory that world cultures vary along consistent, fundamental dimensions. Since his subjects were constrained to one multinational corporation's world-wide employees, and thus to one company culture, he ascribed their differences to the effects of their national cultures. (One weakness is that he maintained that each country...
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...Environmental, Institutional, and Cultural Context of Colombia Michael N. Yuede Missouri State University Abstract This paper studies the Colombian culture and how it affects business relations. First, the Colombian country is explored, examining the geographical location and environment, demographics, economy, religion, and the historical, legal and ethical, and social context. Geert Hofstede’s, Fons Trompenaars’, and GLOBE’s models of national culture infer ways to behave in any given culture, and in this case, Colombia. Differences can be seen between the United States’ and Colombia’s culture after exploring the models, suggesting ways to adapt to the new culture and act appropriately in a business environment. After studying the models, the cultural descriptions and aspects, including Colombia’s collectivistic and high power distance nature, give future managers and expatriates the implications necessary to become legitimized in the eyes of other businesses and the government. Additionally, the implications help predict employee behaviors and motivators, as well as human resource management policies that should be implemented into the business. However, in order to fully understand the Colombian culture, an individual must live in that country for a period of time to experience the culture first hand. Environmental, Institutional, and Cultural Context of Colombia In order to better understand how to interact in a business environment in Colombia, it is important...
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...Kiana Rivera ENG 101/1:00 Shafer FEMINISM IS THE RADICAL NOTION THAT WOMEN ARE PEOPLE Bra-burning and man-hating extremists, feminists are branded as insane, radical women who want to establish a matriarchy. While some feminists are angry and some hate men, not all feminists do. Actually, according to Kristin Rowe-Finkbeiner in The F-Word: Feminism in Jeopardy, feminism “simply means the belief in the social, political, and economic equality of the sexes.” (Feminism, Oppoising Viewpoints, pg 14) We only ever hear of the negative associated with feminism. When anti-feminist people are asked questions, most don’t understand why they believe that feminism is wrong and extreme; they do not understand why it is so vitally important, and why, even in 2013, it is still a relevant issue. Although there's a lot of information about feminism out there, much of it is judgmental, misinformed, or quite simply false. Women should have equal rights as men, and taking a stand to achieve this ideal with feminism is what’s slowly accomplishing this goal. According to the online Merriam-Webster dictionary, feminism is “the belief that men and women should have equal rights and opportunities; organized activity in support of women's rights and interests.” (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, pg 1) In an article by Rachel Fudge, published in 2005 she brings up a very valid point on the issue of feminism and the many years that is has been around: “Despite 150 years of activism in pursuit of women's...
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...5588 elke.braun@aai.com.pe Javier Canchano G. (511) 444 5588 javier.canchano@aai.com.pe Empresas Fundamentos Posición de liderazgo a nivel nacional, constante mejora en el mix de productos e incremento en el potencial de diversificación a nivel regional: La Empresa es líder a nivel nacional en casi todas sus líneas de productos, lo que es apoyado por: i) su exclusiva red de distribución; ii) el posicionamiento de sus marcas; y, iii) el mix de productos más diverso y con mayor valor agregado; lo que le genera una ventaja competitiva. Asimismo, ha mostrado una comprobada habilidad para adquirir empresas y, generar sinergias y eficiencias, sin incrementar su perfil de riesgo. Alicorp está presente en países como Argentina, Ecuador, Colombia, Chile y recientemente en Brasil; y tiene como objetivo incrementar de manera importante la participación de las ventas en el extranjero dentro de los ingresos (27% en 2012). Sólida capacidad de generación de caja operativa y...
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...Recession A significant decline in activity across the economy, lasting longer than a few months. It is visible in industrial production, employment, real income and wholesale-retail trade. The technical indicator of a recession is two consecutive quarters of negative economic growth as measured by a country's gross domestic product (GDP); although the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) does not necessarily need to see this occur to call a recession. Recession is a normal (albeit unpleasant) part of the business cycle; however, one-time crisis events can often trigger the onset of a recession. The global recession of 2008-2009 brought a great amount of attention to the risky investment strategies used by many large financial institutions, along with the truly global nature of the financial system. As a result of such a wide-spread global recession, the economies of virtually all the world's developed and developing nations suffered extreme set-backs and numerous government policies were implemented to help prevent a similar future financial crisis. A recession generally lasts from six to 18 months, and interest rates usually fall in during these months to stimulate the economy by offering cheap rates at which to borrow money. The sharp decline in economic activity during the late 2000s, which is generally considered the largest downturn since the Great Depression. The term “Great Recession” applies to both the U.S. recession – officially lasting from December 2007...
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...BUSINESS INSIGHTS Future Flavor Trends in Soft Drinks New opportunities for natural, healthy, and exotic flavors New Ingredients Report - Published November 2008 Importance of health trends in the drinks industry over the next 5 years Source: Future Flavor Trends in Soft Drinks Key questions answered by this report... • • • • • • What are the key emerging trends and opportunities in soft drinks flavors? Which drinks and flavor manufacturers drive innovation in this area? What are the most common and fastest growing flavors in the soft drinks categories? Which new product launches featured emerging flavors and how were they marketed? What are the top flavors in new products claiming to be natural, organic or high in antioxidants? Which drinks industry trends within health and indulgence do industry executives consider the most important? Identify and anticipate the key innovation trends and new product opportunities in soft drinks flavors with this new management report... Business Insights’ Ingredients Series Business Insights is developing a unique new series of reports that identifies key trends in ingredients, future innovation and growth opportunities. We are using our strengths in analysis of the food and drinks markets to provide new insight on developments in ingredients. Ingredients companies are facing a new set of challenges as ongoing consumer demand for healthy and indulgent products creates both new growth opportunities and commercial pressures...
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...COLOMBIA COUNTRY ORIENTATION : Location : Colombia, which capital is Bogota, is located in the northwest of South America, bordered to the northwest by Panama, to the east by Venezuela and Brazil, to the south by Ecuador and Peru. It is also bordered by the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, and the Caribbean Sea. "Colombia." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombia>. Size : 1,138,910 km2. It is 1/9 size of the USA, which is the size of Texas and California combined. It makes Colombia #26 in the world and #4 in South America. "Colombia." - Country Profile. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.indexmundi.com/colombia/>. Government structure and Leadership : Colombia is a presidential representative democratic republic established with the Constitution of 1991. It is an unitary State, decentralized where multi-party system is allowed. Thus, it is a Republic with separation of powers between : The executive branch : a President, Juan Manuel Santos since 2010, also Head of government, and a Council of Ministers. The President is elected by popular vote for a four-year terms, and then choose the members of the Council of Ministers. The legislative branch : the Congress is bicameral, between the Chamber of Representatives (166 seats) and the Senate (102 seats). The Congress is elected by popular vote too, for a four-year terms. The judicial branch refers to The Supreme Court, which is represented by 23 judges divided into three Chambers...
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