...century ushered in a new era in Japanese history when the emperor of Japan appointed Tokugawa Iesyasu to shogun. To ensure that his family would retain this power, Tokugawa implemented measures to prevent the overthrow of his shogunate. One of these measures was sankin kotai, or alternate attendance, which assisted in perpetuating his family’s power for two-hundred fifty years. This system would also contribute to the demise of Tokugawa dominance as well as preparing Japan for the future. The system of alternate attendance required the daimyo from each han to journey to Edo to meet with the shogun every two years. Tokugawa initiated this system to keep an eye on the daimyos and keep them from planning and preparing for an overthrow of his power. To ensure that the daimyos would come to Edo, he commanded that the wives and kids of each daimyo must reside in Edo. Tokugawa used his power to control when each daimyo would have to arrive in Edo to make sure that two of them would not meet up on the way. The daimyo’s procession to Edo was a very elaborate affair with hundreds of samurai and personal attendants accompanying him to flaunt his wealth. These grand processions would show that the daimyo have great respect for Tokugawa and they would commonly bring gifts such as horses or swords. The alternate attendance system also established Edo as the political center of Japan turning the emperor in Kyoto into a ceremonial figure. With all of the daimyo traveling to Edo regularly, all of...
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...[pic] TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 INTRODUCTION 5 KONGO GUMI ENVIRONMENT 7 Feudal Japan 8 The Restoration of Edo 8 The Meiji Restoration 9 World War 1 12 The Mid War Period 13 World War 2 15 The Occupation of Japan and Post War Reconstruction 16 The Economic Miracle 17 The Lost Decade 18 Global Financial Crisis 19 Natural Disasters 20 Abenomics 21 STRATEGIES KONGO GUMI USED TO SURVIVE TURBULENCE 23 Kongo Gumi in the 20th Century 23 Meiji restoration 23 The Mid War Period 24 World war 11 24 KONGO GUMI WOULD HAVE SURVIVED IF: 25 WOULD KONGO GUMI HAVE SURVIVED IF IT MADE IT THROUGH TO THE ABENOMICS ERA? 26 LESSONS FROM KONGO GUMI 27 CONCLUSION 28 REFERENCES 31 Appendix 1 – Infographic of Japan’s timeline EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Kongo Gumi was a success as it operated in a stable industry. The belief system has survived for thousands of years and has many millions of adherents. With this firm foundation, Kongo had survived some tumultuous times. The temple construction had until recently been a reliable mainstay, contributing 80% of Kongo Gumi's $67.6 million in 2004 revenues. The story of Kongo Gumi suggests that firms should blend elements of conservatism and flexibility. This means that firms should stay in the same business for more than a millennium and...
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..."Patriarchy", according to princeton.edu, is a social system in which the role of the male as the primary authority figure is central to social organization, and where fathers hold authority over women, children, and property. Among the warrior class in Tokugawa Japan, male samurai defended a patriarchal social order developing a code of chivalry, which is called bushido. In pre-colonial West Africa, the social order of the Ibo promoted patriarchy by excluding women from participating in meaningful production and they undermined the economic and political power of African women. In nineteenth-century Europe, both industrialization and the spread of democracy favored male interests over those of women in the middle class because men have already...
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...intriguing; from the unique shape and intricate designs of their kimonos, to the more modern and outrageous fashion style of the Japanese youth. The Japanese street fashion is growing and changing even more everyday. Will it continue to evolve in the future? Japanese Fashion and Social Customs Japanese culture is rich and diverse and dates back to 10,000 B.C (Hickey, 1998). When thinking about Japanese culture people would first think about sumo wrestling or sushi, but there is more to the people and the culture than is known. Japanese culture revolves around more than sumo wrestling for sure, their cuisine, music, language, traditions, and unique history has left them with a multi-layered culture. Japan revolved plenty around social classes around their feudal era now they no longer have a feudal class system but still revolve around social status as it still plays a very important role amongst much of what is done in public and at home. Fashion plays a huge part in the Japanese everyday life (Slade, 2009). Their fashion trends are of both traditional and modern influences. Japanese traditional fashions were mainly worn to suit a reason and the season. Traditional Japanese clothing includes many different types, such as; hamonji, furisode, hakama, hanten, happi, junihitoe, iromuji, kimono, obi (sashes), tomesode, and yukatabira. The building block for all traditional Japanese clothing, regardless of class, begins with the Kimono which in english means thing that one...
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...Japan Eternal Storehouse and Love Suicides at Sonezaki are two different types of story, Japan Eternal Storehouse is a narrative, and Love Suicides at Sonezaki is a puppet play. Although two story take place in a completely different artistic expression, they represent merchant values at Edo merchant society. The merchant values can be listed as follow. The Japan Eternal Storehouse showed significant merchant values. To start with, "In the past, on Credit, Now Cash Down" is a story of trading cloth. They are many cloth merchants trade cloth with court, but they loss of all the money by use credit transactions. A man called Mitsui Kuroemon open a new shop, and his policy was to sell everything for cash. Mitsui has great talent in the business,...
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...Meiji Yubinbango 100-8111 Tokyo Chiyado, Chiyado 1-1v Dear Great Emperor Meiji, I am a humble Dutch trader that has heard of the concerns that bringing Japan out of isolation has brought forth. This letter is written on behalf of many other Dutch traders who completely support your most wise decision to open up the gates of Japan. Coming out of isolation has helped strengthen both our economies and relationship. Despite the benefits that opening trade has led to many benefits for both the Dutch and Japanese, we are aware of the doubt that rests among your people. As a country, we completely support your choice and hope that the uncertainty part of your people hold will not prevent, but further our countries trade. Because of our trade in the Edo Period, we gained considerable wealth exporting beautiful Japanese products, such as silk, porcelain and cotton, as well as providing bits of knowledge for Japan and outside nations. However that wealth never went past a certain point because of the restricted laws, and as a result many of the Japanese products we received came through China. During the mid Edo period both our countries suffered a huge loss due to the crash of the Dutch East India Company. Independent Dutch traders were also unapproved by the bakufu, which worsened the situation. As the only foreign company Japan traded with, your limited link to the outside world decreased substantially and the Netherlands lost its advantage against other western countries. Not only...
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...each other. Over time, both religions also began to borrow ideas from one another. According to the philosopher Chu Hsi, “Buddhism stole the best features of Taoism; Taoism stole the worst features of Buddhism. It is as though one took a jewel from the other, and the loser recouped the loss with a stone.” Nevertheless, both religions and later Christianity expanded throughout China, and eventually made their way along with explorers and warriors into modern day North Korea, South Korea, and then into Japan. The languages throughout these four countries developed along with the religions, proving that the spread of Buddhism, Taoism, and Christianity throughout China and the surrounding countries was a great influence on the creation of the modern day Korean and Japanese languages and writing systems. The Japanese language had no writing system prior to the introduction of the Chinese writing system, originally used by Chinese people who lived in Japan during the early Christian era. Educated Japanese scholars wrote in Chinese, the earliest evidence of this being from the 5th and 6th centuries A.D., where proper names are inscribed with Chinese characters on two artifacts, an old mirror and a sword. But by the 8th and 9th centuries A.D., Chinese characters began to be used to represent the Japanese spoken language. But since the two languages are so different in syntax, the transferred Chinese...
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...Identify and explain how Chinese Merchants took part in international trade during this time period 1450-1750 (hint: not Zheng He) (1) pg 580 From 1450-1750, Chinese merchants took part in international trade under close watch and strict policies, specifically around the 1600’s. Although the Ming and Qing governments tried to end trading with foreign people, smaller Chinese vessels continued to trade with Japan and southeast Asia in spite of the trade restrictions. Following pacification with southern China, the Qing authorities rescinded the strictest measures and allowed controlled trading by closely supervising the activities of foreign merchants and permitting Portuguese to trade in Macau and the British to trade in Guangzhou. Chinese merchants...
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...Question 1 (6 points) [pic] Modern Japanese painters & printmakers abandoned Japanese traditions & design principles. Question 1 options: |[pic] |True | |[pic] |False | Save Question 2 (6 points) [pic] The Sotatsu-Korin School of the Edo Period specialized in Chinese style monchrome ink painting. Question 2 options: |[pic] |True | |[pic] |False | Save Question 3 (6 points) [pic] The circular bronze mirror adopted by Japan from China during the Kofun period is one of the three treasures of Shinto prized as imperial regalia. Question 3 options: |[pic] |True | |[pic] |False | Save Question 4 (6 points) [pic] Emperor Shomu of the Nara Period invited Buddhist priest Ganjin to come from China in order to establish Toshodaiji Temple. Question 4 options: |[pic] |True | |[pic] |False | Save Question 5 (6 points) [pic] Kano School painters, active through the Ashikaga, Momoyama & Edo periods, were commissioned by shoguns & nobility to paint decorative screens with predominantly European materials, techniques & themes. Question 5 options: |[pic] |True | |[pic] |False | Save Question 6 (6 points) [pic] Edo ceramic artist Kenzan was the brother of painter Korin, & is known for decorating his pieces with designs reminiscent of Yamato-e & Chinese monochrome ink painting. Question 6 options: |[pic] |True | |[pic] |False | Save Question 7 (6 points) ...
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...The book Kokoro is a novel written by Natsume Soseki. This novel was written in 1914, which is when the drastic change in Japanese culture was taking effect. The book is set into three different parts. The book is explained throughout the book by a narrator who the reader does not know the identity of Sensei. The book deals with the transition from the Japanese “Meiji Era” to the “Modern Era.” Throughout the book it is exploring the friendship between an adolescent man and an older man he calls 'Sensei' who are accustomed to different eras they live in. Throughout the novel we see the changing roles and relationships of women in society, various values that are changing, and the entire identity of older Japanese values. The first section begins with the narrator who is a college student, approaching the independence of an adult life but with weak emotions. The narrator begins a friendship and fascination with Sensei. Sensei lives a lives a life of solidarity and tries to avoid other people and will only socialize with friends during special occasions. Sensei has a wife, but he treats her very poorly throughout the book. The student notices that Sensei is secretive and wants to find out more about him. The second section of the book shows the narrator mostly with his family and away from Sensei. The narrator’s father is sick and he stays bedside with him. The parents think that the narrator is their family's future to carry the family into further generations because of his...
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...Question #1 Ancient Japan throughout history has been regarded as an autonomous and sovereign country, which successfully rid themselves from the influences of the Western world and the Asian mainland before the arrival of Commodore Matthew Perry in 1853. However, considering the origin of the nation’s religion, livelihood, and trade system, this statement may not be as accurate as believed by today’s society. Every civilization is influenced—at least in some aspect—from other empires, even an island (like Japan) isolated from all neighboring domains. Nonetheless, this widespread declaration may be present due to what is known in Japan as the Edo Period, where the Shoguns attempted to separate the kingdom from the rest of the world. By the time the Tokugawa family rose to power in 1603, religion in Japan had already been established. The faiths of Buddhism, Christianity, and Confucianism were all existent, each being introduced to Japan by different nations. Buddhism, which originated in India, made its way across Asia, reaching Japan in the 6th century from Korea. Japan similarly was exposed to Confucianism by the Chinese not long after the philosophy grew in popularity. Moreover, Christianity arrived in Japan from visiting European countries, first introduced by Portugal in 1543, who were interested in “converting the countrymen to the faith of Christ” (153). Europe managed, by 1614, to have approximately 1% of the Japanese population following Christianity, achieving this...
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...transmitted, in any form or by any means, without prior written permission of the publisher, or, in Canada, in the case of photocopying or other reprographic copying, a licence from Access Copyright (Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency), www.accesscopyright.ca. 17 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 54321 Printed in Canada with vegetable-based inks on FSC-certified ancient-forest-free paper (100% post-consumer recycled) that is processed chlorine- and acid-free. Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Alexander, Jeffrey W. (Jeffrey William), 1972Japan’s motorcycle wars : an industry history / Jeffrey W. Alexander. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-0-7748-1453-9 1. Motorcycle industry – Japan – History. 2. Motorcycling – Japan – History. I. Title. HD9710.5.J32A43 2008 338.4’762922750952 C2007-907431-6 UBC Press gratefully acknowledges the financial support for our publishing program of the Government of Canada through the Book Publishing Industry Development Program (BPIDP), and of the Canada Council for the Arts, and the British Columbia Arts Council. This book has been published with the help of a grant from the Canadian Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences, through the Aid to Scholarly Publications Programme, using funds provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, and with the help of the K.D. Srivastava Fund. Printed and bound in Canada by Friesens Set in Minion, Meta, and ITC Machine...
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...Google in Asia | | [Type the document subtitle] | | Humber College | [Pick the date] | 寿司 寿司 | Sushi Summary Every country has created something which went has gone global. Some creations are sports, food, clothing, etc. Sushi is the creation of Tokyo Japan which has gone global shortly after its creation and is known as a big dish in the USA. Japan has been known since the 1970’s of making healthy dishes and for its food design. Another factor in why sushi went global is the marketing of its product in cuisines and all sorts of various sushi dishes. Everything is about trade, one country has oil, one country has vegetables and etc, and in order for other countries to obtain these resources they need to trade, so in this case, Japan Is the world’s primary market for fresh tuna for sushi. Sushi has gone global with some countries involved such as New England for its Bluefin, which was traded to Tokyo and Spain for capturing its fish from their nets. Many countries and local farms have developed this global mechanism for sushi which has made it so popular and delicious product for consumers. How did Sushi become Global? Like some cuisines in Japan, the sushi incorporated many foreign influences. The history of sushi is much like the food itself simple, adaptable enough to satisfy consumer budgets ranging from fast-food to stratospheric levels. We can trace sushi's origin back to the 4th century in Southeast Asia. As a preserved food, the...
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...The second wave of European Colonization, considered the era of New Imperialism, began due to social tensions and started rivalries among the different nations. By the twentieth century, the Great Powers consisted of the French Empire, the British Empire, the Russian Empire, the Austria-Hungary Empire, the German Empire, Italy, Japan and United States of America (Pollard et al, 2015). During this time period, the European rationales mainly focused on establishing control over Asia and Africa. No longer was it about civilizing the countries society, but to possess them. After the Second World War, which included all the great powers, lead to an era of decolonization where the great powers decided to separate into two separate groups called the Allies and the Axis (Pollard et al,...
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...JAPANESE MODERNIZATION.” Japan is a country that has never been colonised and was never colonised during the colonial period. It was governed by the Emperors, Shoguns, Daimyos and the Samurais through the feudal structure of governance with the Emperor as the head of the hierarchy. It maintained its isolationist policy and never opened-up to the outside world for centuries and was in a stagnant stage in terms of development. However, in the 19th Century it dumped its feudal past and subsequently emerged stronger and economically superior after the rubbles left behind by the Pacific War in the 20th Century. Japan showed her strength in the two World Wars. Japan is now ranked one of the world’s largest power/economy behind The United States and China. It is regarded as a distinct civilization of its own, with very unique history. To fully understand present day Japan and its economic miracle, critical investigation needs to be done on its past history to see where its foundation of modernity and industrialization has been laid. When investigation was done, it showed that the Meiji Era (1868-1912) is considered to be the upward trajectory that fired-up Japanese industrialization and helped establish its modernization path. This started when Japan’s pre-modern political system and its feudal society (1603-1865): the Edo Period, led by the Tokugawa Shogunate, with its band of radical samurais was ended in 1868. The Tokugawa Shogunate/central Government at Edo was weak, corrupt, and...
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