...Reminiscent of 1600 historical fiction books, Shōgun begins a few months before the Battle of Sekigahara. A Dutch ship come ashore an island and they’re not really sure where they are. The interesting thing about this book is that you see two perspectives and the characters are completely different: an English captain of a Dutch ship John “あんじん”(Pilot) Blackthorn and the rising daimyo, Toranaga Yoshi. An exciting scene happened eight chapters into the book. Another daimyo from another part of the country wants to speak with Blackthorne and sends someone to Toranaga palace to request him. On their way to meet the daimyo, there’s a storm while they’re still four or five hours away from shore. The sailors, first of which is a Portuguese pilot...
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...ASSIGNMENT: Journal critique: ALIKA, Henrietta Ijeoma (2011) Peer and parental influence as correlates of career choice in social science: Implications of counseling. The Nigerian Journal of Guidance and Counseling, Vol 16 2011. Date of submission: Dec 2013. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between parental pressure and peer group influence on career choice among secondary school adolescents. It was carried out in Egor and Oredo local Government areas in Edo state Nigeria. The title of the study is stated clearly and gives information about the subjects but does not give the location of the study. In the abstract the researcher has elaborated adequately the method of study which is survey. Two hypotheses are stated, three research instruments used and the results clearly given. It also gives suggestions for further investigations with a view of helping the adolescents in career decision making. The researcher has clearly defined the terms in the introduction. She has given a good background of the study quoting previous studies on related field The problem statement comes out clearly that parents and peer pressure influence adolescents to make unrealistic career choices. The researcher gives consequences as frustrations on the job or dropping out, indeed showing related problems. The researcher has given two hypotheses. The first states that there is no significant relationship between peers and parental influence on career choice in social...
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...alternate attendance, which assisted in perpetuating his family’s power for two-hundred fifty years. This system would also contribute to the demise of Tokugawa dominance as well as preparing Japan for the future. The system of alternate attendance required the daimyo from each han to journey to Edo to meet with the shogun every two years. Tokugawa initiated this system to keep an eye on the daimyos and keep them from planning and preparing for an overthrow of his power. To ensure that the daimyos would come to Edo, he commanded that the wives and kids of each daimyo must reside in Edo. Tokugawa used his power to control when each daimyo would have to arrive in Edo to make sure that two of them would not meet up on the way. The daimyo’s procession to Edo was a very elaborate affair with hundreds of samurai and personal attendants accompanying him to flaunt his wealth. These grand processions would show that the daimyo have great respect for Tokugawa and they would commonly bring gifts such as horses or swords. The alternate attendance system also established Edo as the political center of Japan turning the emperor in Kyoto into a ceremonial figure. With all of the daimyo traveling to Edo regularly, all of the high-ranking officials would be congregated and able to meet with Tokugawa. Since the daimyo spent a lot of their time traveling, their power was minimized while the power of the shogun was reinforced, setting up the Tokugawa family to rule for two-hundred fifty years. While...
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...forth. This letter is written on behalf of many other Dutch traders who completely support your most wise decision to open up the gates of Japan. Coming out of isolation has helped strengthen both our economies and relationship. Despite the benefits that opening trade has led to many benefits for both the Dutch and Japanese, we are aware of the doubt that rests among your people. As a country, we completely support your choice and hope that the uncertainty part of your people hold will not prevent, but further our countries trade. Because of our trade in the Edo Period, we gained considerable wealth exporting beautiful Japanese products, such as silk, porcelain and cotton, as well as providing bits of knowledge for Japan and outside nations. However that wealth never went past a certain point because of the restricted laws, and as a result many of the Japanese products we received came through China. During the mid Edo period both our countries suffered a huge loss due to the crash of the Dutch East India Company. Independent Dutch traders were also unapproved by the bakufu, which worsened the situation. As the only foreign company Japan traded with, your limited link to the outside world decreased substantially and the Netherlands lost its advantage against other western countries. Not only this, but our government then became unstable. With the lack of trade and an unsteady governing body, the Netherlands, once one of the most dominant countries in the world lost its supremacy...
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...political structure became the foundation for the political economy of the rapid modernisation of Japan, which was to follow after. Tokugawa Leyasu, the great Shogun This period between 1603 (when Tokugawa Leyasu became the great “Shogun” of the Tokugawa Shogunate) and 1867 (when Tokugawa Yoshinobu formally returned political authority to the emperor) is also called the Edo Period. Edo is the former name for what is now Tokyo. This period was named after Edo castle, where the emperor lived, and was also the headquarters of the feudal government at the time. This period in Japan’s history has also been interpreted in contrary ways- once dismissed as the “Feudal dark age” it is now looked upon as the “ Golden Age of Peace and Prosperity”, before the arrival of Western imperialism changed Japan’s place in the world forever. For centuries before and after the Tokugawa Shogunate, the Emperor reigned powerless in Kyoto, while military men really ran the country. Edo Castle today [ 1 ] Edo Castle today [ 1 ] Edo Castle today, Chiyoda, Tokyo , Japan Edo Castle today, Chiyoda, Tokyo , Japan Edo Castle c. 1638 What was the structure of the “Four class system” introduced in the Tokugawa Period? The Tokugawa Shogunate intentionally created a social order called “The Four Divisions of Society” that brought piece and order as well as stabilised the country after many civil wars. It was composed of: * Samurai * Farming Peasants * Artisans * Merchants ...
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...first known written reference to Japan is in the brief information given inTwenty-Four Histories in the 1st century AD. The main cultural and religious influences came from China.[1] The first permanent capital was founded in 710 at Nara, which became a center ofBuddhist art, religion and culture. The current imperial family emerged in about 700, but until 1868 (with few exceptions) had high prestige but little power. By 1550 or so, political power was subdivided into several hundred local units, or so called "domains" controlled by local "daimyō" (lords,Japanese: 大名), each with his own force of samurai(Japanese: 侍) warriors.Tokugawa Ieyasu came to power in 1600, gave land to his supporters, and set up his "bakufu" (feudal government) at Edo (modern Tokyo). The "Tokugawa period" was prosperous and peaceful and Japan terminated the Christian missions and cut off almost all contact with the outside world. In the 1860s, the Meiji period began, and the new national leadership systematically ended feudalism and transformed an isolated, underdeveloped island country, into a world power that closely followed Western models. Democracy was problematic, because Japan's powerful military was semi-independent and overruled—or assassinated—civilians in the 1920s and 1930s. The military moved into China starting in 1931 and declared all-out war on China in 1937. Japan controlled the coast and major cities and set up puppet regimes, but was unable to defeat China. Its attack on Pearl Harbor...
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... Behind every success is the journey to it. Japan has always been one of the most educationally successful countries on the world, yet, its success comes with a long period of modifications and changes to its education system. When European countries travelled throughout the world with their advanced technology and science, Japan was still struggling with its weak and corrupted government. In 1853, Tokugawa era, Commodore Matthew C. Perry of U.S. navy went to Japan and forced it to allow its merchants to trade with foreign merchants, apparently with greater benefit for foreign merchants. (OECD) Dazed by this event, a large number of low-ranking samurais were resented with the powerlessness of the Emperor with foreign “threats”. Due to this, the Tokugawa rule was overthrown and replaced by Meiji’s government. Japanese history turned to another page after this change. Although the literacy of Japanese people during Tokugawa was high, they lagged behind from the Western powers due to the lack of innovation and technology. At the time when Meiji enthroned, Japanese had, for the first time, adopted Western methods of success. They looked up to the contemporary powers like France and England and imitated their system of education and shape a modern education system for Japan. Interestingly, the Japan took a lot of Western concepts, from pedagogy to the whole system, but didn’t completely adopt all of these concepts. Although Meiji Restoration placed Westernization on top, the Japanese...
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...The Internet Newspaper for Young Nigerians * Home * News * Opinion * Politics * Entertainment * More * More For the Records: The Edo State 2012 Budget of Continuity EDO STATE GOVERNMENT. FY2012 BUDGET OF CONTINUITY 1 Table of Content * Budget Summary ……………………………………………………………………………. 2 * Revenue ……………………………………………………………………………. 3-17 * Recurrent Expenditure …………………………………………………………………………… 18 -22 * Capital Receipt …………………………………………………………………………… 23 – 31 * Consolidated Revenue Funds Charges ………………………………………………………………………….. 32 – 33 * Capital Budget o Summary …………………………………………………………………… 35 o Agriculture ………………………………………………………………………….. 36 – 37 o Fisheries …………………………………………………………………………… 38 o Livestock …………………………………………………………………………… 49 o Arts, Culture & Tourism …………………………………………………………………………… 40 o Commerce & Industry …………………………………………………………………………… 41 o Education …………………………………………………………………………… 42 – 43 o Energy (Rural Electrification) ………………………………………………………………………….. 44 – 46 o Water Resources ………………………………………………………………………….. 47 – 59 o Rural Water & Sanitation ………………………………………………………………………….. 50 – 52 o Drainage & Sewage/Environmental Protection …………………………………………………… 53 o Forestry ………………………………………………………………………….. 54 o Health ………………………………………………………………………….. 55 – 56 o Information & Orientation ………………………………………………………………………….. 57 o Community Development ………………………………………………………………………….. 58 o Lands, Surveys & Housing …………………………………………………………………………...
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...Sir George Sansom’s history of Japan was first published in 1932 and used in U.S. college classrooms into the 1980s. In it, he described the Tokugawa period (1603-1868) as an era of oppressive “feudal” rule. In this view, hierarchical divisions between samurai, peasant, artisan, and merchant were strictly maintained. Sansom described a system in which swaggering samurai used their swords to cut down commoners. Miserable peasants barely eked out a living, and urban merchants were scorned as unethical profiteers. According to Sansom, change was loathed. The government kept the rest of the world out, denying “themselves all the gifts which the West then had to offer.” This move, said Sansom, “arrested the cultural development of Japan” (Sansom 1932, 455, 457). Scholars today largely dismiss this view. Yet it remains pervasive. Films and manga comics glorify samurai bravado. But they ignore much else about the period. Thus, even the well-informed often are surprised when they read more recent histories of the period. Such newer works describe the political system as a rational “integral bureaucracy.” This system was “not merely a samurai institution.” Rather, it depended on non-elite “commercial agents and activities” (Totman 1981, p. 133). Newer histories call the era “a time of extraordinary social growth and change. In terms of population and production, urbanization and commercialization, and societal sophistication and elaboration, the century was one of unparalleled...
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...I will first start off with my trip to the museum. I decided to go to the Asian art museum in San Francisco for my project. My experience there was not as exciting as I thought it would be. I have been to this museum before and had a great time. I can only think that most likely it’s because they had a lot more sculptures and rugs out, whereas last time I went they had more paintings. I only really found three items, two paintings and 1 sculpture that interested me. Of those three I will be talking about two of them in this paper. The first painting I will be talking about is "Mount Fuji viewed from the Imai Ferry on the Tone river, Shimosa province" by Shiba Kokan. The painting has Mount Fuji in the background and the Tone River in the forefront with six boats on it. The banks of the Tone River can also be seen with lush greenery on it. I wouldn't say that this painting made me feel anything when I saw it but it more like it piqued my interest due to its vibrant colors and it looked different from the other Japanese paintings I saw. For Example, at the museum they had another painting of Mount Fuji right next to this one but it didn't look as vibrant and it looked kind of bland in my opinion. I was to find out later, after reading the Plaque in front of the Shiba painting, the reason for the difference between the two is that Shiba Kokan was experimenting with western techniques of painting (1). Another thing mentioned on the Plague at the museum, though not mentioned on...
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...The Retellings Lorenzell Terry * This research paper will compare and contrast the two films based on the tale of the 47 Ronin. It will examine all aspects of the film based on the Japanese Culture such as everything from clothing to the ceremonies. It will show how foreigners see Japanese culture as being something dramatically else. 08 Fall 08 Fall Lorenzell Terry William Hedberg JPN 211 17 April 2014 The Legend of the Goruku Chushingura: The Retellings Throughout Japanese history and most of the world, Samurai were seen as being the mightiest and loyalist warriors to have existed. Many years ago, started a story based on true events called the Goruku Chushingura or 47 Ronin. The story takes place in 1701 during the Edo period when most of the power was to the Shogun. Director by Japanese native; Kenji Mizoguchi made the first version of Goruku Chushingura in 1941. He has created credibility for himself by producing an arsenal of films before Goruku Chushingura, such films like The Woman of Osaka, Oyuki The Virgin, and The Downfall of Osen. The latest version of the 47 Ronin was made into an American Film produce by an upcoming British director named Carl Rinsch in 2013. The two stories have their similarities but very different once evaluating every detail. The 1941 version of 47 Ronin has to be the most accurate on explaining...
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...Tokugawa Religion The period between 1603 and 1868 presented one of the most remarkable eras of the Japanese history. This period is referred to as Tokugawa Japan. The era is mostly characterized with the widespread peace that spurned a period of two and a half centuries as well as heightened technological and economic growth. The period is also known for its strong political formation as well as a cultural domination that was supported by various factors. One of the elements that provided a strong support for the period was the religious structure practiced by the communities during the era. It is important to note that religion is also an important consideration when looking at the elements that resulted in Tokugawa. The prominent religious beliefs that were practiced during the period included Confucianism, Shinto, Buddhism and Christianity. These religious beliefs had several characteristics which were similar in nature. First, the four religions believed that there was a supreme being who responsible for helping out human beings at the time of their need. Confucians believed that the Lord on High or Shangdi, was responsible for the prosperity of human beings. The Christians held the belief that God was the Supreme Being. The Shinto and the Buddhist Supreme Being were Ameterasu and Amida respectively. Another close similarity between the religions was the existence of a golden past which believers looked back on. For Christianity, the Garden of Eden represented its genesis...
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...Osaka castle Dezarae ballungay Social Studies, period 5 Mr.Sato Today is a wonderful day to talk about the history of the Osaka Castle. The Osaka Castle is widely known as an emblem of the power and fortune of Hideyoshi Toyotomi. Hideyoshi began construction at the former site of Honganji Temple and completed the magnificent castle, which was reputed as the unparalleled in the country. Hideyoshi employed the castle as his stronghold, he had succeeded quelling the wars that which had continued for more than one century, thereby unifying the entire nation. After his death, Ieyasu Tokugawa, who worked for him was his Chief retainer, was appointed to the shogun and he established the shogunate government in Edo that in Tokyo. In 1615, Ieyasu ruined the Toyotomi family and destroyed the Osaka Castle in the summer of the war Osaka. Thereafter, Tokugawa shogunate reconstructed the Osaka Castle. In 1868 it was held under direct control but when the shogunate lost power the castle fell. Later on in 1931 the main tower was reconstructed in the center of the Osaka Castle, which was used as a military base and with funds raised by the citizens. The present day the main tower is the third generation. It follows the main tower from the Toyotomi period that was destroyed by fire during the summer war, the Tokugawa period which was struck by lightning was burned down. Since its construction the Osaka Castle repeatedly featured as the battleground of the major wars in Japanese history...
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...，一戸あたりの牛肉の消費量は関東よりも多い。逆に関東は豚肉の消費量が関西より多い。肉じゃがの肉も関西では牛肉，関東では豚肉が主流とか。 Gajet of Gajetdaisuke.com explains that while people in Tokyo emphasis on building their career since many of them are responsible for dealing a big projects, people in Kansai emphasis on money because many of them are doing a small business such as running a small manufacturing company or small shop. Kansai peoples are so keen to the money that few people in Kansai receive social aid and few people become a victim of fraud compared to other regions(2010). 東京のように何億円規模のビッグプロジェクトがばんばん乱立してる世界ではシゴト自体に重点を置くのでしょうが、町工場とか個人商店とか職人とかの気質がそのまま活きてる関西では悪い意味ではなく身近な金額のお金についてもっと普段から重視 してる印象があります。そのスタンスは生活保護をうける率とか振り込め詐欺に騙されない率とか、そういうところにも大きく関係してそうですね。 Hattori explains that in Edo era, very few Samurai lived in Osaka and majority of citizens in Osaka was merchandiser. They made an important role to rule the Osaka region in terms of politics and...
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...Some historians refer to Japan’s social, economic, and political advancements during the late 19th century and early 20th century as the “Meiji Miracle.” During the 1860’s the Tokugawa shogunate was at its weakest point and it would soon fall after the shotgun abdicated his power. In 1868, the Meiji regime was established under Mutsuhito in Edo, or modern Tokyo. Previously during the Edo rule; the weak Tokugawa rulers were forced into signing unequal treaties with various Western powers. The Meiji emperor and his advisors soon realized that Japan must change and initiate reforms in order to prevent the Western powers from dominating Japan. The Meiji rulers would soon embrace western technologies, industries, and lifestyles to initiate modernization policies that would forever alter Japanese politics, society, and economics. The Meiji would begin their political reform by stripping the daimyo of titles to the land in 1871. To maintain peace among the daimyo the Meiji rulers made the former daimyo regional governors over their prefectures. By doing this, the Meiji rulers were able to successfully remove the daimyo from holding full possession of the land without major resistance. The Meiji government would continue to modernize Japanese politics by establishing a parliament and constitution based on the Western government. The use of a constitution sparked a debate on among the officers and intellectuals of which form of parliament was more beneficial. The politicians favored...
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