...Name:SALYYOHANNAN________________________________________ Class HLT-362V______________________ Date:11/16/2014______________________________________________ EXERCISE-11 1) What demographic variables were measured at least at the interval level of measurement Education is measured at the interval scales because the data is measured on specific intervals, and grades of education. 2) What statistics were used to describe the length of labor in this study? Were these appropriate? Length of Labor is measured in hours. It is s an appropriate measurement because the time measured is less than a 24 hours. 3) What other statistic could have been used to describe the length of labor? Provide a rationale for your answer Length of Labor could have been measure in minutes for more accurate measurement. 4) Were the distributions of scores similar for the experimental and control groups for the length of labor? Provide a rationale for your answer. Both groups showed similar scores, well inside the first standard deviation. 5 ) Were the experimental and control groups similar in their type of feeding? Provide a rationale for your answer. The percentages of both the groups were similar in the type of feeding. The differences in the scores are a result of difference in the number of subjects. 6) What was the marital status mode for the subjects in the experimental and...
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...Policy Analysis on Education LaKeesha K. Carpenter Dr. L. Saye PAD 520 January 22, 2012 Abstract In this policy analysis I talk about education. Educational systems around the world, and specifically in the United States, have long been awaiting for genuine reform efforts. Technology is often perceived as a panacea, if not as a crucial instrument in any educational reform effort. New understandings, as opposed to mere information, is what schools need to reach in order to transform themselves to new and effective reforms and make current policies work throughout the state and country. The data in this report represent national averages. The experiences, trends, and issues in your local community may vary somewhat from the broad picture presented here. We hope this primer will provide you with sufficient background information about public education to encourage your interest in education issues and your involvement in your local schools. | | | | | Education is needed to promote student achievement and preparation for global competitiveness by fostering educational excellence. Education is needed for humans to make an impact on society, and to make viable decisions and the right moves at the right time. It leads to better jobs and higher income, health and life expectancy, voter turnout, self-worth and dignity. Education trains the mind to think and make the right decisions(2006). Through education knowledge and information is received...
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...measured at least on the interval level measurement were the number of hours per week and length of labor hours. 2. What statistics were used to describe the length of labor in this study? Where these appropriate? The mean and standard deviation were used to describe the length of labor of for both group the control and experimental group. I agree these were appropriate measures of statistics. 3. What other statistics could have been used to describe the length of labor? Provide rationale for your answer. In my opinion in addition to the mean and standard deviation, the mode could be used in this study to also describe the length of labor. It will give us and idea of how long the common length of labor was. The median could also been used, but in my opinion will not be more beneficial to knowing the average and the most common length of hours on the control and experimental groups. 4. Were the distributions of scores similar for the experimental and control groups for the length of labor? Provide rationale for your answer. The standard deviation for the experimental group was 7.78(length of hours) and for the control group was 7.2(length of hours).By looking at the scores of the standard deviation my opinion is that the distribution scores appear similar. But if we look at the average length hours of these groups you can see the experimental group length of labor was almost 2 hours longer that the control group which I feel is a significant difference. Each group must have similar...
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...status, and education, health status of the adult and child, and the utilization of health care are statistically significant. 2. In Table 1, is the No. In household reported as statistically significant among the three groups (uninsured, Medicaid, and privately insured)? Provide a rationale for your answer. The results in table 1 suggest that the number of households with a magnitude of 3.79 is statistically insignificant. The reason behind this is that there is no sign mentioned on the magnitude. This means that the significant value for this magnitude would be greater than the level of significance mentioned in the article. 3. Should the null hypothesis for Marital Status (%) be rejected? Provide a rationale for your answer. The result in table 1 suggests that the null hypothesis for the Martial status should be rejected. As the magnitude of X2 i.e. 3.79 is insignificant. Insignificant results indicate that the null hypotheses are supported or accepted. 4. How many null hypotheses were rejected in the Salsberry (2003) study? Provide a rationale for your answer. Six of the overall null hypotheses were rejected since six X2 values were significant, as indicated in Table 1. Significant results indicate that the null hypotheses are not supported or not accepted. 5. Does Marital Status or Education (of adults) have a greater statistically significant difference among the three groups (uninsured, Medicaid, or privately insured)? Provide a rationale for your...
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...measurement? 2. What statistics were used to describe the length of labor in this study? Were these appropriate? 3. What other statistic could have been used to describe the length of labor? Provide a rationale for your answer. 4. Were the distributions of scores similar for the experimental and control groups for the length of labor? Provide a rationale for your answer. 5. Were the experimental and control groups similar in their type of feeding? Provide a rationale for your answer. 6. What was the marital status mode for the subjects in the experimental and control groups? Provide both the frequency and percentage for the marital status mode for both groups. 7. Could a median be determined for the education data? If so, what would the median be for education for the experimental and the control groups? Provide a rationale for your answer. 8. Can the findings from this study be generalized to Black women? Provide a rationale for your answer. 9. If there were 32 subjects in the experimental group and 36 subjects in the control group, why is the income data only reported for 30 subjects in the experimental group and 34 subjects in the control group? 10. Was the sample for this study adequately described? Provide a rationale for your answer. Exercise 16 MEAN AND STANDARD DEVIATION 1. The researchers analyzed the data they collected as though it were at what level of measurement? a)...
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...interval level of measurement? 2. What statistics were used to describe the length of labor in this study? Were these appropriate? 3. What other statistic could have been used to describe the length of labor? Provide a rationale for your answer. 4. Were the distributions of scores similar for the experimental and control groups for the length of labor? Provide a rationale for your answer. 5. Were the experimental and control groups similar in their type of feeding? Provide a rationale for your answer. 6. What was the marital status mode for the subjects in the experimental and control groups? Provide both the frequency and percentage for the marital status mode for both groups. 7. Could a median be determined for the education data? If so, what would the median be for education for the experimental and the control groups? Provide a rationale for your answer. 8. Can the findings from this study be generalized to Black women? Provide a rationale for your answer. 9. If there were 32 subjects in the experimental group and 36 subjects in the control group, why is the income data only reported for 30 subjects in the experimental group and 34 subjects in the control group? 10. Was the sample for this study adequately described? Provide a rationale for your answer. Reference: Grove, Susan K. Statistics for Health Care Research: A Practical Workbook. W.B. Saunders Company, 022007. VitalBook file. EXERCISE 16 page 122 (Questions 1- 4 are optional)• Mean...
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...at the interval level of measurement? 2. What statistics were used to describe the length of labor in this study? Were these appropriate? 3. What other statistic could have been used to describe the length of labor? Provide a rationale for your answer. 4. Were the distributions of scores similar for the experimental and control groups for the length of labor? Provide a rationale for your answer. 5. Were the experimental and control groups similar in their type of feeding? Provide a rationale for your answer. 6. What was the marital status mode for the subjects in the experimental and control groups? Provide both the frequency and percentage for the marital status mode for both groups. 7. Could a median be determined for the education data? If so, what would the median be for education for the experimental and the control groups? Provide a rationale for your answer. 8. Can the findings from this study be generalized to Black women? Provide a rationale for your answer. 9. If there were 32 subjects in the experimental group and 36 subjects in the control group, why is the income data only reported for 30 subjects in the experimental group and 34 subjects in the control group? 10. Was the sample for this study adequately described? Provide a rationale for your answer. (Grove 79) Grove, Susan K. Statistics for Health Care Research: A Practical Workbook. W.B. Saunders Company, 022007. VitalBook file. The citation provided is a guideline. Please check each citation for accuracy...
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...labor in this study were mean and standard deviation. These were appropriate as they both can be calculated at the interval level of measurement. 3. What other statistic could have been used to describe the length of labor? Provide a rationale for you answer. Answer: The median could be used though the mean and standard deviation are closer for both of the groups. 4. Were the distributions of scores similar for the experimental and control groups for the length of labor? Provide rationale for your answer. Answer: Yes, the standard deviation measured the average deviation values of the mean. So, the difference between the two groups would be 0.48 hours which in this case is less than 30 minutes so the mean had a difference of 1.84 hours. 5. Were the experimental and control groups similar in their type of feeding? Provide a rationale for your answer. Answer: Yes, both of the groups were similar in their type of feeding though the difference in breast feeding was 1.1% and the difference in bottle feeding was 3.1% and the difference in bottle and breast feeding was 0.7%. 6. What was the marital status mode for the subjects in the experimental and control groups? Provide both the frequency and the control groups? Provide rationale for your answers. Answer: The marital status method for the experimental group that was married had a...
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...study? Were these appropriate? Sample size, Median and Standard Deviation were used to describe the length of labor in the experimental group and Population, Median, and Standard Deviation were used to describe length of labor in the control group. Because length of labor is considered an interval level of measurement, using these statistics were appropriate. 3. What other statistic could have been used to describe the length of labor? Provide a rationale for your answer. I believe mean could have been used to describe length of labor. By calculating the mean, you can figure out the average length of labor of the population. 4. Were the distributions of scores similar for the experimental and control groups for the length of labor? Provide a rationale for your answer. No, they were not. I believe they were different because of the use of sample size for the experimental group and the use of population for the control groups. 5. Were the experimental and control groups similar in their type of feeding? Provide a rationale for your answer. Yes, they were. 53.1% of the experimental group stated they prefer bottle...
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...Special Education Inclusion Jessica Thammavongsa Com/156 March 8, 2014 Diane Moore Special Education Inclusion The process towards inclusive educations is just that – a process. It can be a rewarding, yet challenging journey to create an educational system where excellence and equality walk hand in hand (Frost & Pearpoint, 2004). Throughout the last several years, the topic of inclusion has been at the epicenter of debate among educators, administrators, and parents. Inclusion remains a controversial concept because it relates to educational and social values, as well as to our understanding of personal worth ("Special Education Inclusion", 2001). Placing students with varying disabilities into regular education classrooms causes misunderstanding with educators and administrators on the advantages and disadvantages of inclusion. Inclusion is a "philosophy that brings students, families, educators, and community members together to create schools and other social institutions based on acceptance, belonging, and community."(Salend, 2001, p. 5) Inclusion is practiced in schools to establish collaborative, supportive, and nurturing environments for learners that are based on giving all students the services and accommodations that they need to learn, as well as respecting and learning from each other's individual differences. (Salend, 2001) Inclusion is not necessarily just focused on students with disabilities. When implemented correctly it is also designed...
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...there was a controlled group and experimental group. In length of labor mean and standard deviation were used. It is appropriate method to use since the results will be generalized for the whole population. 11.3 What other statistic could have been used to describe the length of labor? Provide a rationale for your answer. Interval level of measurement was used for this research. Instead of interval level we could have used nominal which would have used frequencies, percentages, and mode. It would provide the most common length of labor present. 11.4 Were the distributions of scores similar for the experimental and control groups for the length of labor? Provide a rationale for your answer. No the distribution for both groups were different. The experimental group (7.78) had a slighter higher standard deviation than the controlled group (7.2). The mean for the experimental group was 14.63 while that for the controlled group was 12.79. Standard deviation will decrease with increase in sample size and that could explain why the controlled group has a lower standard deviation. 11.5 Were the experimental and control groups similar in their type of feeding. Provide a rationale for your answer. Both groups were almost similar in their feeding methods. Both groups had a higher percentage in bottle feeding with...
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...length of labor? Provide a rationale for your answer. Length of labor was described for both the experimental and control groups using means (14.63) and standard deviations (7.78). The exact length of labor was obtained, providing ratio level data that are descriptively analyzed with means and standard deviations. 4. Were the distributions of scores similar for the experimental and control groups for the length of labor? Provide a rationale for your answer. No, the distributions of scores were not similar for the two groups. Experimental group has slightly higher dispersion (n=30 and SD= 7.78) than control group (N=33 and SD=7.2). Standard deviation decreases with larger sample sizes. 5. Were the experimental and control groups similar in their type of feeding? Provide a rationale for your answer. Yes. Bottle-feeding was the mode for the experimental (53.1%) and the control (50%) groups since it was the most frequent type of feeding used by both groups 6. What was the marital status mode for the subjects in the experimental and control groups? Provide both the frequency and percentage for the marital status mode for both groups. Married is the highest mode for both groups Experimental group: Frequency 25 and 78.1% Control group: Frequency 31 and 86.1% 7. Could a median be determined for the education data? If so, what would the median be for education for the experimental and the control groups? Provide a rationale for answer Yes. Education variables...
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...The Statistics that were used to describe the length of labor in this study was Mean and Standard Deviation. This is appropriate to use with the interval/ration data collection. Most of the time Mean Median and Mode are use and seems to make the most since when grouping and defining the different values. Standard Deviation provides us the valid output and tells us how distant and dispersed out data is. (Lane,M). 3. What other statistic could have been used to describe the length of labor? Provide a rationale for your answer. Another measurement that could have been used is range to measure the length of labor from lowest to highest value. “Range also gives us the measurement of the spread regarding the data set”. Measuring the length of labor and what it produces to see difference in the data collected. Known as Standard Deviation (Grove S.). 4. Were the distributions of scores similar for the experimental and control groups for the length of labor? Provide a rationale for your answer. Exercise 11 The distributions of scores were similar between both groups. The...
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...TCHE2079 – Tertiary Teaching and Learning This model is from a different subject, but the process of evaluation is the same. Evaluating a Source 1. Refer to the most important source (book/article/webpage) you used in your Synthesis Essay. Respond to the topics and questions below and evaluate the source. Source: Davies M 2009, „Computer assisted argument mapping: a rationale approach‟, Higher Education, vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 799-820. Full citation of the source, according to RMIT referencing guide for “Reference Lists” Topic Evaluation Authority (50 words) Is that author an expert? What evidence is there to support this? Martin Davies is an expert in this field. I Googled his name and found that he has 2 doctorates and is presently a Senior Lecturer in Higher Education in the Teaching and Learning Unit and an Honorary Research Fellow in the Department of Economics at Melbourne University. His page on the Melb. Uni. website lists all his publications (about 70), many of which are concerned with critical thinking in tertiary learning. Validity & Accuracy (50 words) How do you know the information is accurate? Is it from a valid source, e.g. an educational institution? Find out if it is peer reviewed or been passed by an editorial panel, eg is it in a refereed journal? His article includes an appendix in which he has placed all the data from the quantitative study he conducted. Though I can‟t be sure that this data were analysed correctly...
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...Change-Over-Time (CCOT) essay questions from the 2002 to the 2010 operational exams. The modified questions provide examples of essay questions that align more closely with the Curriculum Framework for the revised course as of the 2011-12 academic year. The accompanying rationale for each question explains the revisions. 2 Mission Statement The College Board’s mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity. We are a not-for-profit membership organization committed to excellence and equity in education. About the College Board The College Board is a mission-driven not-for-profit organization that connects students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the College Board was created to expand access to higher education. Today, the membership association is made up of more than 5,900 of the world’s leading educational institutions and is dedicated to promoting excellence and equity in education. Each year, the College Board helps more than seven million students prepare for a successful transition to college through programs and services in college readiness and college success — including the SAT® and the Advanced Placement Program®. The organization also serves the education community through research and advocacy on behalf of students, educators and schools. For further information, visit www.collegeboard.org © 2011 The College Board. College Board, Advanced Placement Program, AP, SAT and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of...
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