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Educational Management

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Submitted By mualtuk
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Date: 12-4-2012
Technical Core of Teaching and Learning
The technical core of all Christian schools is integration of faith in teaching and learning. The technical level or technical core is the system of organizational activity where the actual product of the organization produced; in school it is exemplified by the teaching and learning in the classroom. (p.42)
Learning occurs when experience produces a stable change in someone’s knowledge or behavior. It involves a change in individual’s knowledge or behavior. There are different theories which emphasis different areas of learning: the behavioral theory, the cognitive theory, and the constructivist theory of learning. (p. 43)
There are three general learning perspectives – behavioral, cognitive, and constructivist – each of which helps us understand learning and teaching.
The behavioral approach of learning emphasizes the importance of antecedents and consequences in changing behavior. There are two kinds of consequences – those that reinforce (strengthen) behavior and those that punish (weaken) behavior. Many students confuse negative reinforcement and punishment; reinforcement strengthens behavior, but punishment suppresses or weakens behavior. (p.43-46)
Cognitive explanations of learning highlight the importance of prior knowledge in focusing attention, making sense of new information, and supporting memory. In the cognitive approach there are three kinds of knowledge – declarative knowledge, procedural knowledge, and conditional knowledge. Declarative knowledge is knowing that something is the case and its range is broad. The demonstration of knowledge performing correct procedures is called procedural knowledge. Conditional knowledge is knowing when and why to apply your declarative and procedural knowledge. (p.55)
Constructivist views explain learning in terms of the individual and social

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