...ashfaq 16020248 Junaid sirat Comparative law Edward Snowden. Born in North Carolina in 1983, Edward Snowden worked for the National Security Agency through subcontractor Booz Allen in the NSA's Oahu office. While working there, Snowden began noticing government programs involving the NSA spying on American citizens via phone calls and internet use. Before long, leaving his very comfortable life and $200,000 salary behind, in May 2013, Snowden began copying top-secret NSA documents while at work, building a record of practices that he found invasive and alarming. The documents contained enormous and pejorative information on the NSA's domestic surveillance practices, including spying on millions of American citizens under the name of programs such as PRISM. (Edward Snowden biography) Snowden later forwarded these documents to journalists, from where on June 5th Guardian newspaper released those secret documents about an American intelligence body (Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court) demanding that Verizon release information on a daily basis gathered from its American customers activities. Also the Guardian and the Washington Times released Snowden's leaked information on PRISM, a NSA program that allows real-time information collection, in this case, solely information on American citizens. Snowden now lives in Russia. One of his lawyers, Anatoly Kucherena, gave an interview with CBS News. Kucherena said that Snowden would seek temporary asylum in Russia and possibly...
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... The individual who performs an act of hacktivism is said to be a hacktivist”. Edward Snowden is an “American computer professional, former CIA employee, and former government contractor who leaked classified information from the U.S. National Security Agency in 2013”. Hacktivism has been looked at from two separate points of view. Some individuals perceive it as positive, while others negative. Edward Snowden serves as a whistleblower...
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...Introduction Edward Snowden was born on June 21, 1983 in North Carolina. He was a high school and a community college dropout, who eventually obtained a GED. He was medically discharged from the Army Reserves after breaking both legs in an accident. Snowden studied computers during his two short stints at a community college in Maryland. Soon after, he began working for the National Security Administration (NSA) as a security guard and then secured a high paying IT position with the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) as a federal contractor. Eventually he landed a job on a classified program back at the NSA (Edward Snowden Biography, n.d.). Accordingly, to gain access to clandestine programs and highly classified information, Snowden was granted...
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...Assignment on NSA Edward Snowden Revelations and Congress reaction By ABC Date; NSA Edward Snowden Revelations and Congress reaction 1. NSA Edward Snowden Revelations The first bombs hell story was published on the basis of the top secret documents. This was related to the national security agency who spy on the American citizen. When the story was leaked, it was not mentioned that the treasure trove is based on NSA documents and source was not come in front. After three days, the person has leaked his identity. When the identity was leaked, it is revealed that he is “Edward Snowden”. Some of revelations were in queue and in coming years, explosive stories started to trickle the documents. Some of revelations are following: 1. Sweeping...
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...documents. Manning was a Computer Intelligence Analyst with the United States Army. From the seat of his computer work station in Iraq, Manning had access to SIPRNET(The Secret Internet Protocol Router Network). This is the private computer network that the government uses to transmit government files around the world. With a few key strokes, Manning had access to countless "secret" government files. When these files became too much to bare, Manning felt that the public needed to know the truth in order to make formal decisions for themselves. When he made this decision, Wiki leaks was the source to whom he leaked the information to. Within a couple of months, however, he was turned in to the proper authorities, trialed and convicted. Edward Snowden exposed Internet surveillance programs like PRISM, MUSCULAR, XKeyscore, Tempora and also a bulk collection of US and European telephone...
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...1 Edward Joseph Snowden is a former National Security Agency (NSA) contractor who disclosed a global surveillance by the NSA, such as PRISM, XKeyscore, Tempora, and the interception of US and European telephone metadata. Page 2 1. In May 2013 Snowden took a leave of absence, telling his supervisors he was returning to the mainland for treatment, but instead left Hawaii for Hong Kong on May 20. 2. On June 22, US officials revoked Snowden's passport. Although Snowden had applied for political asylum to 20 countries, the US administration, specifically Vice President Joe Biden, had pressured the governments of these countries to refuse his petition for asylum. 3. On June 23, Snowden landed in Moscow's international airport. He remained in the transit zone for 39 days until being granted temporary asylum by the Russian government on August 1.Then he went to an undisclosed location kept secret for security reasons. HongKong In Hongkong, Snowden spoke very frankly about the US Government’s attempts to extradite him, so his intention is to ask the courts and people of Hongkong to decide his fate. As we can see in the pictures, On June 15, people in Hong Kong got together to support Edward Snowden. After Snowden had taken off, The HongKong government released a statement, saying that said the extradition request received from the U.S. “did not fully comply with the legal requirements under Hong Kong law.” so they had no legal reason to prevent Snowden from...
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...right thing, you have to break the law.” (Snowden 2013) The American public has some homework to do regarding the fate of Edward Snowden. He has been termed a whistleblower, a traitor, and even a narcissistic personality. The Mayo Clinic (n.d.) explains this as a person who “has an inflated image of their own importance.” Additionally, author Gordon Chang (2014) has called Snowden a “dropbox,” a holder of information to serve as a “courier” (Chang, 2014). Diane Francis (2013), a writer with the Financial Post, as well as the post written by the editorial board of The New York Times (2014), both refer to Snowden as a “whistleblower” (These two varied written pieces are an enlightenment to the U.S. public, yet The New York Times makes Snowden appear as a “Hero of sorts.” (“Edward Snowden,” 2014) Snowden was not politically correct in his methods, however, as The New York Times reveals, he opened a major “can of worms” to showcase the...
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...Whistleblowing and the global impact. Table of Contents ESSAY Introduction The importance and understanding of whistleblowing The notion of whistleblowing Whistleblowing – an act of good will Whistleblowing – an act of revenge The role of the government Government whistleblowing How Snowden formed society Introduction Whistleblowing, an act of certain controversy, has provided material for many a discussion. It has filled our newspapers, televisions and radios on a daily basis, since Wikileaks went public with its first act of exposing illegal activity. ‘Whistleblowing’ is a dynamic process involving at least three social actors; the wrongdoer, the whistleblower and the recipient, each of whom takes actions in response to the other’ (Near et al., p 509, 1996), while accepting the associated dangers and risks. Current events relating to Edward Snowden, Julian Assange and Bradley Manning have sparked intense debate throughout the world regarding policy changes, creation of new laws and the conduct of government and corporations. It is widely agreed that whistleblowing exists and happens on a daily basis. Scholars have examined the topic over the years narrowing it down to ethnical divergences or even to how the act of wrongdoing can impact a whistleblower. The importance and understanding of whistleblowing Age has a significant impact...
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...During what is arguably the most difficult period in U.S. history, Honest Abe expressed his hopes that “government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.” The NSA surveillance program goes against this principle. It poses a substantial threat to the social contract and is illegal both domestically and globally. Edward Snowden’s revelations about these activities were done so in the public interest and set him apart from many other Americans charged with espionage by the U.S. government- he is a whistleblower. For this reason, in the eyes of the international community he has committed a non-violent political crime (under the assumption that he has committed a crime). Because of this and other reasons, granting Snowden political asylum is absolutely within Russia’s rights. One can witness a large effort on behalf of the US government, from the latter half of the 20th century...
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...Whistleblowing: Necessary Evil or Good Thing Maureen Haley University of North Carolina – Asheville April 16, 2014 This paper was prepared for Management 484-001, taught by Professor Donald D. Lisnerski Whistleblowing: Necessary Evil or Good Thing Is whistleblowing a necessary evil or good thing? Can whistleblowing be avoided? Can the whistleblower be protected? “A whistleblower is an employee who discovers corporate misconduct and chooses to bring it to the attention of others.”(Ghillyer, 2014) Whistleblowers can be viewed as providing a praiseworthy act or be severely labeled as informers who have breached the loyalty of their co-workers and company. Whistleblowing can be a service to the community and public. Whistleblowing can be ethical or unethical, and the whistleblower discovering corporate misconduct has the options to be an internal or an external whistleblower. Whistleblowing can save people’s lives. Dr. Jeffrey Wigand made the decision to go public with information that his employer Brown & Williamson (B&W) was manipulating the nicotine content, suppressed efforts to develop safer cigarettes, and lied about the addictive properties of nicotine. According to Sissela Bok, in the book Taking Sides: Clashing views in Business Ethics and Society, “not only is loyalty violated in whistleblowing, hierarchy as well is often opposed, since the whistleblower is not only a colleague but a subordinate. Though aware of the risks inherent in such disobedience...
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...Eggers’s novel tells the story of Mae Holland, a young idealist who comes to work at the Circle, an immensely powerful technology company that has conquered all its competitors by creating a single log-in for people to search, shop and socialize online. The company demands transparency in all things; two if its many slogans are “secrets are lies and privacy is theft.” Anonymity is banished; everyone’s past is revealed; everyone’s present may be broadcast live in video and sound. Nothing recorded will ever be erased. The Circle’s goal is to have all aspects of human existence -from voting to love affairs -flow through its portal. Eggers explores the possibilities of fascinating possibilities of technological advances, but point out the many consequences it may encounter. The root of all the privacy controversy begins with an invention that one of the...
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...is informing on illegal and unethical practices in the work place it is becoming increasingly common as employees speak out about their ethical concerns at work. It can have disastrous consequences for the individual, as well as threatening the survival of the organization that is being complained about. This paper aims to provide a balanced approach to this topic, which has generated much controversy and debate. I would like to first explain what whistle blowing is and detail some of the following important moral issues that go along with whistle blowing. I will show how this could affect any one by going over a classic case of an Eastern Airlines pilot .As well as considering how an individual can protect him or herself from becoming the victim when trying to blow the whistle. Under what circumstances, if any, is whistle blowing morally justified? Some people have said that whistle blowers are horrible people. I for one think that they are not. There are many good things that come from whistle blowing… Such as freedom of speech, and the closure of knowing what is happening out side of everyone’s basic life. Edward Snowden was known for “blowing the whistle on the NSA for wire tapping into our phones and e-mails” this was a major controversy for the people of America. Instead of Snowden being rewarded for what he did he was arrested. Later he was released there was a short press conference with him and he told the reporters that no one should be arrested for telling the...
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...Essay 1 The biggest issue causing hesitance in rape victims’ openness about their experience is the shame and humiliation that comes with it. They were taken advantage of, causing extreme psychological damage; and it is often very hard for a victim to come to terms with the rape. Another factor on top of this is that often victims think they will possibly be blamed or disbelieved when they come forward. These unfortunate circumstances cause many rape victims’ hesitance in coming forward about their victimization. Another major problem for many rape victims these days is the mass media sensationalism surrounding the crime. Having your face as the victim of a rape plastered all over many news stations is far from appealing and thus many victims may choose to hide in their shame rather than report the crime. However, not all cases are covered by the media and may not have the “celebrity” status that those covered by the media do. There is still however one major constituent in rape victims’ hesitance to come forward – actually facing their rapist. To bring a rapist to justice in the American justice system, one must go through the necessary legal trials and this process generally takes years. Throughout this time, the victim of the rape will have exposed him or herself to the rapist. And, in the end the victim will have to look their rapist in the eyes as they point them out in court. Rape is taken extremely personally by victims, and they fear their assailant holds the same...
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...Whistleblowing and Sarbanes-Oxley Act Student Name College or University Name LEG500 – Law, Ethics, and Corporate Governance Professor’s Title Date Whistleblowing and Sarbanes-Oxley The federal government passed and put into law the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) to primarily protect whistleblowers from retaliation for reporting corporate fraud and financial malfeasance to the government. The negligence became apparent in the 1990’s when corporations such as Enron, HealthSouth, Tyco and WorldCom were found to have grossly overstated their earnings. This cost billions of dollars in losses to shareholders and caused the near-collapse of the stock market (Prentice, 2010, p. 17). The companies were able to hide, scam or misrepresent their earnings due to the dot-com boom, soaring investments, and auditor fraud. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act contains many sections, sub-sections and creation of other agencies to enforce it. It was a sweeping change to standard reporting practices and was created to restore investor confidence, hold corporations and auditors financially and criminally accountable, and protect whistleblowers. Prior to the creation of SOX the whistleblower had no protection from retaliation by the organization. Whistleblowers had fears of criminal prosecution, bodily harm and job loss if they reported the misdeeds of their employer both publicly and privately. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 redefined the whistleblower. An examination of the characteristics of a whistleblower...
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...Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King, Edward Snowden; resistance, peaceful or not, to injustice has, since its inception, been a quintessentially American ideology, core to ensuring our tenets of civil liberty and equality go unfettered. It is ultimately on the shoulders of the citizens of a state to regulate that state as much as it is the state's responsibility to oversee its people. Therefore, when the state engages in actions which infringe on the rights of the people, with no in-built measures possible or easily accessible to lawfully enact change, those wrongfully affected ought to rise up and change those actions through force (force meaning action, not necessarily violence). An axiom...
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