...Introduction . what are the potential health issues associated with cellular telephone use? Whether it’s the increased use of cell phones by children, or the overall increase in cell phone use by adults, human exposure to electromagnetic radiation is happening in ways never dreamed of before. Very young children are using them, teenagers live on them—and some even sleep with them on their pillows, as cell phones are often used as alarm clocks. What do these exposures consist of and what do they mean for human health? Whether cell phone use affects the human nervous system and reproduction, causes DNA damage and behavioral changes, or creates addictive behavior, cell phones are now ubiquitous in our lives. Cell phone technology has changed quickly over time and continues to develop, which means that human exposures also change over time. This report explores what we know about cell phone use, exposures, and human health. Impact of mobile phone technology in environment: The Cell Phone Problem Electromagnetic Radiation _ All cell phones emit a type of radiation called an electromagnetic field (EMF), composed of waves of electric and magnetic energy moving together through space. Different types of electromagnetic energy are categorized by their wavelengths and frequencies and comprise the electromagnetic “spectrum” (see next page). _ Different radiation frequencies are used by different...
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...Biological Effect of Cell Phone Radiation on Human 1, 2 Ashraf A. Aly1, Safaai Bin Deris2, Nazar Zaki3 Faculty of Computer Science and Information Systems, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 3 College of Information Technology, UAE University, UAE Ashraf.ahmed@uaeu.ac.ae, safaai@utm.my, nzaki@uaeu.ac.ae increased incidence rate of traffic accidents due to the use of mobile phone while driving. The risk of exposure to electromagnetic field was first highlighted and publicized in the late 1970s by Colorado study [2] that linked magnetic field exposure from power lines to the possible development of child leukemia. The amount of RF generated by cell phone is usually depends on the number of base stations around the area, the cell phone network traffic, and on how far the cell phone from base stations. The amount of the power which sent from a base station could vary from cell phone to another one even within the same area, depends on the interfering from obstacles such as buildings and trees [3]. Although, cell phones are designed to operate at power levels below a threshold for known thermal effects, radio frequency radiation could produce other kinds of effects, called biological effects. In Figure 1, we show a calculation of specific absorbed radiation (SAR) distribution in an anatomical model of human head positioned next to a 125 mW dipole antenna. The resulted Peak SAR is 9.5 W/kg over 1 mg which is a clear indication of the effect. Abstract The growth in the use of cellular...
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...Cell Phones And Their Health Risk Essay The world we live in today seems certain to teach us one thing and if we are to learn from its lesson, it seems it\'s telling us that nothing is certain. In large this might be true today and perhaps witnessed in almost all mediums. Feelings of some grand helplessness and the anxiety that follows reduce all complicated issues to necessary chaos. We are still capable of taking the rudder of our own lives and making the educated, hard decisions. Wire Wars The war over the health hazards of cellular phones is beginning to mount. The idea that cellular phones possibly cause cancer became an issue in 1993 when a gentleman ...I would contend that we are still in control so long as we can recognize that proverbial carrot of convenience that sometimes lead us astray. In today’s society the carrot here is the cell phone. It has become a part of our culture. It is a mere object that civilization has done with out for centuries, and would do just fine without today. For most of us however, it is a mainstay in our lives. We never stop and think Wire Wars The war over the health hazards of cellular phones is beginning to mount. The idea that cellular phones possibly cause cancer became an issue in 1993 when a gentleman sued ...of any dangers it may present. There is a lot in the news lately about economic crisis and financial shenanigans. Ultimately more important than omens of the next Great Depression, are those of the ill effects of cell...
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...When Martin Cooper invented the cell phone, he never imagined that it would become as popular as it is today. He also never imagined that he would practically be placing a loaded gun to the head of nearly every American over the age of 13. Since their invention in 1973, cell phones have grown in popularity at an exponential rate. Today over 90% of Americans own at least one cell phone, making them one of the most common technological devices in our society. The use of these mobile phones comes at a price, though. Every time a phone call is made, a cell phone emits electromagnetic radiation similar to, but lower in power than, that in a microwave oven. Holding the phone to the side of the head when making calls allows this radiation to be absorbed into the head and brain. Although it is still unclear what effects this radiation has on the human brain, the possible dangers are enormous. Due to the potential health risks of cell phone radiation, especially for teens and children, the government must rewrite laws regulating the radiation and manufacturers must redesign cell phones to limit and change the radiation. Although recent studies have not found conclusive evidence that cell phone radiation has negative health effects, cell phones have not been around long enough for all health effects to develop, and some may emerge ten to twenty years from now. One of the original studies on cell phone radiation, conducted in 1994, found “no mobile phone/brain cancer link in virtually all...
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...Cell Phones and Cancer In today's innovative era of technological breakthroughs, we enjoy many benefits of technology, which give us the power to get things done faster, enjoy greater convenience, and have access to wonderful tools that improve all areas of life (Siepmann, 2004). However, there are many concerns that we are paying a price for these benefits-perhaps in the form of cancer. Major concerns arise from the fact that we are increasingly exposed to logarithmically increasing non-ionizing radiation from wireless systems, cell phones, satellite transmissions, electricity transmission, and other products. This paper aims to present a solid argument that cell phones, in particular, may be a cause of cancer. Researchers suggest that high power electrical distribution lines may increase the incidence of certain cancers (Siepmann, 2004). According to the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) (1990): “In conclusion, the several studies showing leukemia, lymphoma and cancer of the nervous system in children exposed to magnetic fields from residential 60 Hz electrical power distribution systems, supported by similar findings in adults in several occupational studies also involving electrical power frequency exposures, show a consistent pattern of response that suggests, but does not prove, a causal link. Frequency components higher than 60 Hz cannot be ruled out as contributing factors. Evidence from a large number of biological test systems shows that these fields induce...
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...new means of communication which have made our life so simple and easy going. Mobile phone can be seen as the most used present day phenomenon in this fast growing time. Mobile phone is a revolutionary step in the field of tele-communication. We had the days when the telephones only served the purpose of communication through sound. Mobile phone has completely changed the concept of the telephoning. Now a phone is not only a mere phone but it is a lot in itself. A mobile phone works on a unique networked system which needs no wiring, no fixation and no botheration. Originally it was used in cars, airlines, and passanger trains but increasingly it is becoming ubiquitous. It is basically low- power radio telephone. In this magical system calls go through radio transmitters that are located within small geographical unit which are known as cells. Since each cell's signals are too weak to interfere with those of other cells operating on the same frequencies and more channels can be used than would be possible with high power radio frequency transmission. Narrow-band frequency modulation (FM) is the most common mode of transmission, each message is assigned a carrier, unique to the cell from which it is transmitted. The cellular phone was first tested in 1978. The cellular market in Britain alone had grown at a rapid rate to 8.5 million users by 1997. In Japan it is as high as one mobile phone per ten people. However, when the number of cellulars users had increased many new subscribers...
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...International Journal of Education and Research Vol. 1 No. 10 October 2013 The effects of Cell phone use on the study habits of University of Zimbabwe First Year Faculty of Arts students. Leslei Kahari ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to examine the effects of cell phone use on the study habits of University of Zimbabwe 1st year Faculty of Arts students. The research was carried out using questionnaires distributed to 200 students who own cell phones .The questionnaires collected demographic information about the respondents, cell phone type preferences, uses of cell phones during study, predominant usage during study and information about challenges facing students in using mobile phones for study purposes. The results showed significant gender differences in several aspects of cell phone use .The results also revealed that cell phone use has negative and positive effects on the study habits of university students depending on usage patterns .The study concluded that despite the challenges faced by students ,cell phones unlike other educational innovations are firmly rooted in the society in which education and institutions are part of and ignoring the use or applications of this technology would be ill-advised. Key words: Cell phone, study habits, University of Zimbabwe INTRODUCTION This study investigates the effects of cell phone use during study on the study habits of University of Zimbabwe 1st year Faculty of Arts students. Many students starting university...
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...Cell phones and brain cancer Now a days everyone has a cell phone. People of all ages rely on their cell phone for daily tasks. How many times a person feels absolutely powerless without a cell phone? Which leads us to a very important question. What type of damage does the use of cell phone causes in the brain? The purpose of this paper is to explore if there is evidence that will link cell phone use and brain cancer. There has been a tremendous increase of cell phone use that is starting at a young age. This means a longer exposure to cell phones throughout life. Currently, people do not seem preoccupied with the idea of brain cancer. There are no reports of cell phone use decrease from consumers. People start using cell phone at a younger age every year. Middle school admission paper work requests student’s cell phone number to inform emergency situations, which leads to pressure to parent to get the student a phone. Some people are abstaining from traditional phone line service in their homes. Phones lines can be seen as waste of money since cell phone use is more prominent in some households. University of Great Fall’s library research data base was used to search for evidence that will link cell phone use and brain cancer. The keywords used where “cell phone use and brain cancer.” The Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Science reviewed total of 30 studies on mobile phones, all but one were case-control studies (Bayazit, Bayram, Pala, & Atan, 2010, p. 246). The...
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...…………………………………………………4-5 Body…………………………………………………..……………………….5-9 * Symptoms of cell phone addiction………………………………….…5-6 * Negative Effects of Cell Phones………………………………..……..6-7 * Possible Treatment……………………………………………………..7-8 Data……………………………………………………………………….…….....8 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………….....9 Survey………………………………………………………………………...…10 Survey Results…………………………………………………………………11 Appendix……………………………………………………………….……12-16 Terminology………………………………………………………………….…17 Bibliography………………………………………………………….…….18-19 Addiction: The Ghost in the Machine Introduction: Addiction is the state of being enslaved to a habit or practice or to something that is psychologically or physically habit-forming, such as narcotics, to such an extent that its cessation causes severe trauma. You might be bewildered by the title of my paper. What type of ghost and what machine? The addiction that will be discussed is cell phone addiction, so the machine is the cell phone and the ghost is the addiction. Cell phone addiction is one of the most hidden addictions of all time. Not all addictions are related to narcotics, such as opium and other drugs, which dull a person’s senses. An addiction is actually a persistent disease, characterized by the weakened control over the use of a psychoactive substance or behavior. Surprisingly, even though cell phone addiction is mainly a teenage problem, some adults are also addicted to the use of cell phones. Scientifically, the symptoms occur along...
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...Introduction INFORMATION Students at High Schools in St.Louis are not allowed to use cell phones during school hours. The Disciplinary actions for students caught using a cell phone are: First Violation: The device will be confiscated and a parent/guardian must schedule a conference at the school to retrieve item. Second Violation: The device will be confiscated, student fined P1,200.00, parent/guardian must schedule a conference to retrieve the item, and (1) day suspension of student. Third (or more) Violations: The device will be confiscated, student loses privileges of possessing electronic devices for 1 year, student fined P2,400.00, more suspension days and/or referred to Student Tribunal Court. School districts across the states have similar policies because cell phones and other electronic devices are seen as an interference to the learning process. On the other hand, there are arguments that these rules are too strict and school districts should find ways to embrace the cell phone technology used by students on a daily basis. LITERATURE CAUSE AND EFFECT In today’s fast-moving and globalised world it is almost impossible to imagine our day-to-day life without mobile-phones. It is one of the most successful inventions of the 20th century, which has become a convenient means of communication. Modern mobile phones perform many other functions as well; they can substitute for such devices as music players, cameras and organizers. Most of them also...
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...Cell phone The world of technology has been moving faster and faster. Now, instead of waiting any hours to cook a meal, we can put it in the microwave for a few minutes and the taste will be the same. Similarly, as time goes on, cell phones have been continuously developing from simple device which can just make a call too much more complicated many options such as text messaging, internet processing and sending e-mail. Now, people have chance to contact each other anywhere and at any time. As with any technology that rapidly changes our lives, cell phones have brought both advantages and disadvantages. Cell phones have some negative effects for example, some teenagers become addicted to them and they can cause accidents if used while driving. On the other hand, cell phones also have positive effects such as saving lives in dangerous situations. Some teenagers become addicted to cell phone. The main purpose that we used cell phones in the past was to communicate with someone else who was far away. Because technology has arisen, teenagers now have many choices of ways to contact her relatives and friends both far and near. Texting messages have become a specially popular and some teenagers spend many hours texting. For example, Julie Zingeser, a teen in Rock land has become addicted to text messaging. She sends text all the time when she is at home, school, doing homework and even in bed. The only time she doesn’t text is while she takes showers and plays sports. The total of...
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...Impact of Cell Phone’s Radio Frequency in Children Herzing University Saugat Basnet The development and use of mobile device services in the last decade have hugely increased the amount of radiofrequency electromagnetic wave (RF-EMW). High exposures towards radio frequency (RF) in our daily lives have raised concerns regarding the harmful effects on human health especially on children. Children with cell phone exposure have higher odds of migraines and headache-related symptoms than the one with no exposure. A great deal of scientific and public interest have focused on radio frequencies that alter the brain, somatic and germinal cells in children. Children should be very careful and guided by elders while using cell phones that produce a lot of harmful radio frequencies. Today cell phone is one of the inseparable parts of modern life. Each and every daily activity today is possibly accomplished by the aid of the cell phone. With its reference, we can say that cell phone directly and regularly comes in contact with the vital body parts like head and sense organs. As it comes in contact with vital organs, not immediately but after some long term exposure, it causes severe health problems and in children, it’s even more serious. Children are still developing mentally; therefore, radio frequency from cell phones has a greater effect on them than on adults. It is because children have growing body parts where cell multiplication is active. According to a study conducted by Sudan...
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...Ariana Galindo Mrs. Sgarioto English 1100-400 9 December 2009 The Invisible Killer What if one were to tell you that your cell phone is slowly killing you every time you use it? Cell phones are a part of everyday life for many people across the world. To many their cell phone is considered the most important item they own. People use cell phones everyday for simple tasks. One example is going to the grocery store, when a person forgets what they were supposed to get for mom they simply call her and ask. Imagine thirty years ago? People could never do something like that. Society today relies a great deal on cell phones and their features, but do not realize the potential danger they are putting their health in. Many people around the world use cell phones every day but are unaware of the fatal outcomes linked to them. To understand how potentially harmful cell phones are society must consider the many people using them. There are three billion cell phone users worldwide and more than 260 million in the United States alone (Mead 422). It is shocking that so many people around the world and U.S are cell phone users and they all may not know how harmful cell phones can be. It is important to discover how this technology of cell phones was created and developed in order to look into how it is affecting humans. In 1974, in response to growing demand for a communication system that was more convenient than two- way radios, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) allocated...
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...between Cell Phone Use and Brain Cancer” According to a Baltimore neurologist, Christopher J. Newman, Motorola is the cause a life frightening tumor that has developed overtime in his brain. Newman sues Motorola for “a direct and proximate result of the defective and unreasonably dangerous condition of the relevant products” (Parascandola). The court system and scientist are feuding on the matter of using scientific data as evidence in court cases. The courts argue whether or not the data is applicable and reliable. Hence, the association of cellular phone radiation and brain cancer is still under dispute on whether there is a correlation in between the two. Worldwide there are over 4.3 billion cell phone users (web). This substantial number of cell phone users also causes generous amount of radiation to be generated. The radiation that is discharged through these devices is to as radio frequency (RF) energy. The measure of RF energy that is taken in by users is known as its Specific Absorption Rate or SAR. SAR is what researchers use to compare radiation given off by cell phones to cancerous tumors. Scientist research the amount of SAR that is exposed in different mobile phone models. For a phone to pass the Federal Communication Commission its SAR must be less than 1.6 W/kg (web). Researchers from CNET in 2007 did a study to show the quantity of radiation given off by various cell phone models. Figure 1 shows the results. |TEN HIGHEST SAR CELL PHONES ...
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...Hogan BIO Research Paper Lawrence Cwik 14 April 2014 Over the past decade the debate between the relationship between brain disease and cell phone radiation has been a current issue. Whether or not the radio frequency cell phones put out can lead to brain bombardment of any type such as brain tumors, brain disease, etc. There have been many case studies, experiments, and the use of high levels of technology to be able to determine the answers to such a controversial issue. Through the explanation of different levels radiation and what radiowave/frequency the cell phones emits, the scientific effect of the radiation on the brain, and lastly through the research to answer the question of whether or not this could be a cause of brain disease to occur. Though there is a lot of supporting evidence that has been found on this topic, I do not believe that cell phone radiation can lead to brain disease. Mobile devices emit very small levels of radiation, though there are many different types of radiation: Electromagnetic radiation, x-rays, and gamma rays. These different forms radiation has been found electromagnetic radiation linking to some cancers (Leikind). Where as theses types of radiation can have a negative impact on the body and become very dangerous over time. Radiation can break covalent bonds in ones body (Lekind). When using a cell phone though one is allowing the electromagnetic fields to constantly bombard the body but not to the levels of harm. Electromagnetic radiation...
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