...Lab 2 – Water Quality and Contamination Experiment 1: Effects of Groundwater Contamination Table 1: Water Observations (Smell, Color, Etc.) | Beaker | Observations | 1 | No smell, clear color | 2 | No smell, layer of oil formed on top of water, bubbles floating around after mixing, no smell | 3 | Strong vinegar smell, clear color | 4 | Sweet smelling detergent smell, green in color, bubbles | 5 | A little soil residue at bottom, light brown in color, no smell | 6 | Soil particles at bottom, no smell, brown color | 7 | Lighter brown color, not as much soil particles, hint of vinegar smell | 8 | Olive color, brown film formed on top of water, more soil particles, same smell, soap bubbles formed in soil, | POST LAB QUESTIONS 1. Develop hypotheses on the ability of oil, vinegar, and laundry detergent to contaminate groundwater. a. Oil hypothesis = If oil is added to groundwater, it will have the ability to contaminate the water. b. Vinegar hypothesis = If vinegar is added to groundwater, it won’t have the ability to contaminate the water. c. Laundry detergent hypothesis = If laundry detergent is added to groundwater, it will have the ability to contaminate the water. 2. Based on the results of your experiment, would you reject or accept each hypothesis that you produced in question 1? Explain how you determined this. d. Oil hypothesis accept/reject = Accept- The oil left residue in the soil contaminating the water...
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...Water Quality and Contamination Lab Report Abstract In the experiments inspected the effects of contaminants on three different waters and how the contaminants of vegetable oil, laundry detergent, and vinegar cooperated. The waters that were interactive were Dasani and Fiji bottled water and tap water. Out of the water added to the vegetable oil, laundry detergent, and vinegar, the water including in the laundry detergent was the most visible change. The water for each experiment in experiment one changed colors and had a smell to it. In experiment two potting soil and alum was used. In experiment three, certain type of test strips were used to be tapped in the different kind of waters. Introduction Water quality research is significant...
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...Lab 2 – Water Quality and Contamination iExperiment 1: Effects of Groundwater Contamination |Table 1: Water Observations (Smell, Color, Etc.) | |Beaker |Observations | |1 |Water is perfectly clear/no odor | |2 |Cloudy/ oil sits on top of water/ no odor | |3 |Slight odor/almost unidentifiable other than smell/ good clarity | |4 |Slightly cloudy/ bubbles form on surface/ no odor | |5 | Water is brown in color/ some sediment/ no odor | |6 |Water is brown in color/ some sediment/ no odor/still a presence of | | |oil/very cloudy/oil collected in soil | |7 |Water is brown in color/cloudy/...
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...Lab 2 – Water Quality and Contamination Experiment 1: Effects of Groundwater Contamination |Table 1: Water Observations (Smell, Color, Etc.) | |Beaker |Observations | |1 |No smell, clear, 100 ml | |2 |No smell, oil settled at the top of the water, 110 ml | |3 |Bitter scent, clear color, 100 ml | |4 |Soap smell, thick,110 ml | |5 |No smell, dark, small dirt particles at the bottom of the beaker | |6 |Dirt smell, Dark with oil spots on top, 70 ml | |7 |Bitter scent, a little dark color, 70 ml | |8 |Soap scent, extremely dark,...
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...ashes and silicates to soften water. Soaps were the first detergents.[2] The detergent effects of certain synthetic surfactants were noted in Germany in 1917, in response to shortages of soap during World War I. In the 1930s, commercially viable routes to fatty alcohols were developed, and these new materials were converted to their sulfate esters, key ingredients in the commercially important German brand FEWA, produced by BASF, and Dreft, the US brand produced by Procter and Gamble. Such detergents were mainly used in industry until after World War II. By then, new developments and the later conversion of aviation fuel plants to produce tetrapropylene, used inhousehold detergents, caused a fast growth of domestic use in the late 1940s.[3] The use of enzymes for laundry was introduced in the early part of the 1900s by Otto Rohm. Only in the latter part of the century with the availability of thermally robust bacterial enzymes did this technology become mainstream.[4] Soap is, by weight, relatively ineffective, and it is highly sensitive to deactivation by hard water. By the 1950s, soap had almost been completely replaced by branched alkylbenzenesulfonates, but these detergents were found to be poorly biodegradable. Linear alkylbenzenesulfonates (LABs), however, proved to be both highly effective in cleaning and more biodegradable than the branched relatives. LABs remain the main detergents used domestically. Other detergents that have been developed include the linearalkylsulfonates...
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...Water Contamination Sierra Holmes SCI 207 Dependence of Man on the Environment Professor John Gomillion June 14, 2016 Abstract The water treatment experiment gives insight on how water can become contaminated by everyday products such as vinegar, oil, and detergent which we tested by seeing how well the soil can filter the chemicals before it reaches the groundwater. We put the compounds through the treatment process which consisted of pouring each mixture of each chemical/water through a filter containing soil placed in cheesecloth which resulted in the oil being the only product to filter through the soil. Our water becomes polluted with dangerous chemicals which are why it is important actually to filter contaminated water. We used a filtering method that consisted of coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection. We used soil and water to create a contaminated solution than the coagulation process took place by adding alum to the settlement. After we had solidified the filter, it was by pouring the infected content in the filter which contained sand, charcoal, and gravel which resulted in purified water that we disinfected with bleach. Drinking water could be contaminated with chemicals such as ammonia, chloride, and phosphate, and iron which are why we tested the quality of bottled water and tap water using test strips. After dipping each test strips in the Fiji water, Dasani water, and tap water, it resulted in Fiji water containing the...
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...WATER QUALITY AND CONTAMINATION Name: Instructor: Institution: Course: Abstract The experiment was based on the identifying the effect of different contaminants on ground water. The yielded result indicated that, when vinegar is filtered through dirt the vinegar filtrate was relatively clean. The results noted were indicative that vinegar is not affected by contaminants that affect. Introduction In the lab report, we will have a look at how various contaminates influence the water supply. In the world, there are various contaminates that contaminate ground water. These contaminants range from the simple items we use in the house such as cooking oil and laundry detergents to the well-known contaminants that come from agricultural and industrial processes. The experiments sought to answer the question how and why these particular contaminants affect what we drink from the faucet. One of the most common contaminants in water is lead. Studies have indicated that had a detrimental effect on children especially those in the development stages of their life and cancer in adults. According to Bruce Lanphear, a renowned pediatric epidemiologist, lead found in water is usually underappreciated service in terms of intake of lead. Statistics has shown that approximately 10-20% of children are exposed to lead through intake of drinking water. Pharmaceutical chemicals are another common contaminant of water. Many individuals usually do not know that they are exposed to this form...
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...Similarly, in the second article ‘The Hazards of Household Cleaning Products' written by Janice Hughes, She argues that there are side effect of using cleaning household product. Detergents and stain removers used in our everyday life have an undesirable effect. However, Hughes did not support her claim with enough sufficient evidence. In general both articles emphasize the hazard associated with using chemical products. The author in the article ‘How Toxic Are Your Household Cleaning Supplies?' makes a better argument by giving more details and explaining how cleaning products have unwanted effects on our health and environment. The hazard of Chemicals founded in the cleaning products can lead several illnesses. Specific substances are the reason for a particular disease when used. In the article ‘How Toxic Are Your Household Cleaning Supplies?' The writer exactly describes the type of chemical used as well as diseases caused by them. For instance, they explain how ethanolamine (DEA) and triethanolamine (TEA) a substance used in cleaning products as scudding agents when react with nitrites often used as preservative can caused if used on long term cancer. In the other hand, Janice Hughes dose not exactly informs the reader what are the chemicals may cause diseases. According to her, most chemicals used in household will cause harmful effect to us....
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...Contamination Final Lab Abstract Testing of how ground water is affected by different contaminants was the bases of the experiment. The results were interesting in that when vinegar is filtered through dirt it came out fairly clean. This is surprising because I did not think that any of the contaminants used would affect the water the way it did with vinegar. I figured all the water would have dirt mixed in with the water that was filtered. This shows that maybe we can find a way to find a safer choice on how we filter and purify water. Introduction In this Lab we will explore how contaminants affect the water supply. Contaminants can be anything from human waste, chemicals used in farming and industrial factories to the laundry detergent and cooking oil that you use at home. We are going to asking how and why this affects us when we drink water from the faucet. One contaminant that is found in water is lead. Studies have shown that lead can led to developmental delays in kids and can cause cancer in adults. According to Bruce Lanphear a pediatric epidemiologist, “Lead in water is an underappreciated service of lead intake" (Renner, 2009. A544) It is estimated that 10-20% of children are exposed to lead through the drinking water according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Another contaminant that is in our water supply is pharmaceutical chemicals. This is one contaminant that people do not think is in their drinking water. Some of the drugs...
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...inaugurated the factory. Dalda Banaspati was the first product to come out of factory followed by Lux toilet soap in 1954. LBPL pioneered the business of processed animal and poultry feeds in Pakistan when they began their production and marketing in 1960. However due to immense difficulties it was not possible to keep this part of business viable therefore it was closed in 1980. A soap and glycerin factory was established in Chitagong in the then East Pakistan in 1961. However this factory is no longer a part of LBPL as a result of succession in 1971. Surf, first of their non-soap detergent (nsd) powders was launched in 1963. It is produced by arrangement with Futehally Chemicals (Pvt) limited. The present Karachi Edible factory was acquired in 1965 from A&B Oil Industries Ltd. Reconstruction and expansion of the factory was completed in 1994 making it one of the most modern plant in Pakistan. LBPL moved into Personal Products Business in 1981. Further diversification on the food side of business has taken place with the introduction of margarine and cooking oils. In 1994 a state of the art factory of producing Ice Cream (WALL’S) was erected and began production in a record time of 10 months. MISSION STATEMENT OF LBPL We are the leading consumer products company in Pakistan, a multinational with deep roots in the country. We serve the every day need of all consumers everywhere for food, hygiene and beauty through branded products and services that deliver...
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...Axia College of University of Phoenix The Causing Effects on our Environment I am blogging today to give thanks to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s. With ongoing global warming, U.S. Fish and Wildlife has to deal with constant changes to every aspect of the country. From rising sea levels on the U.S. coastal habitats, to predictions of a continued increase in carbon emissions in rising CO2 into the atmosphere. I think this is an important issue in today’s world. Do we have too many cars running around producing carbon monoxide? The Arctic ice melting is raising the sea level that can hurt coastal animals in habitats. How can we help to stop this? If everyone pitches in and does their part and so on, there is nothing we all couldn’t do together to help our world for our future generations. If we start now, are great grand children can be at a point in this world where it would start making improvements on a global wave. In my area we have the port of Houston, one of the most traffic fested industrial ports. From so many industrial plants of producing laundry detergent to producing gasoline. Stretching from East Texas around South and down to close to Mexico. This causes many issues with safety and health concerns to everyone including wildlife and on a global level. Toxins release into the air by all the chemical plants and machinery to run them. The off the record accidents we don’t...
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...28.8.18.28.38.48.58.69. | Details Executive Summary AcknowledgementsLiterature ReviewMethodologyIntroductionSignificance of ProjectBackground Of P&GVision Of P&GMission statementP&G in PakistanProducts in PakistanLaunch Of Ariel in Pakistan Laboratory Test Granular Detergents PEST & SWOT Analysis Political FactorsEconomical FactorsSocial FactorsTechnological FactorsStrengthsWeaknessesOpportunitiesThreatsCompetitive AnalysisSizes and PriceBCG MatrixSegmentation & Target MarketMarket SegmentationTarget MarketMarketing MixProductPricePlacementPromotionConsumer researchQualitative ResearchQuantitative ResearchPromotional StrategiesAriel-Help the Needy campaignAriel-Maa TV ProgramAdvertising StrategiesAdvertising ObjectivesCreative StrategyTV advertisementsKey Customers BenefitsSupport For Key customersMedia StrategyGraphical AnalysisQuestionnaireConclusionRecommendationsBibliographyAppendix | Page No. | Executive Summary Ariel is a product of Procter & Gamble. It is among the leading detergents in Pakistan and is a pioneer in developing marketing strategies for detergents, which are both innovative and productive. We were assigned the task of evaluating the marketing strategies for Ariel. First section contains the Introduction of P&G and its line of products and it also contains the history regarding the launch of Ariel in Pakistan. Second Section contains the PEST...
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...occasionally wet soil Problems (major): Roots are easily disturbed, causing shock to the plant. Temperatures below 10 degrees Celsius will significantly harm the plant and have a profound, negative effect on flowering. Problems (minor): very poor salt tolerance, scale and grasshoppers may harm foliage; caterpillars, snails, and aphids, mealybug Poisonous: no Culture: Strelitzia reginae is an easy plant to grow in the garden. Plants do well in full sun to semi-shade, love a rich loamy soil and plenty of water throughout the year. They respond well to regular feeding with a slow release fertilizer and compost. They are, however, very tolerant plants and will thrive in most soils and can survive with very little water once established. The plants are also wind resistant and grow well in coastal gardens. Notable characteristics: Propagates by dividing, suckering through rhizomes, and seed dispersal. The seeds germinate anywhere from one month to two years, stratifying the seeds at about 45 degrees Fahrenheit reduces time for germination. The leaves and flowering structures grow taller if grown in part shade. The flowers are relatively easy to hand-pollinate, and if the seeds are stratified, growing more shouldn’t be a mjaor concern. OPALS Rating | Guideline | 1-3 | Very low potential to cause allergies | 4-6 | Moderate potential to cause allergies, exacerbated by over-use of the same plant throughout a garden | 7-8 | High potential to cause...
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...Value Chain Analysis M. Porter introduced the generic value chain model in 1985. Value chain represents all the internal activities a firm engages in to produce goods and services. VC is formed of primary activities that add value to the final product directly and support activities that add value indirectly. Michael Porter published the Value Chain Analysis in 1985 as a response to criticism that his Five Forces framework lacked an implementation methodology that bridged the gap between internal capabilities and opportunities in the competitive landscape. This framework focused on industry attractiveness as a determinant of the profit potential of all companies within that particular industry. However, significant differences in performance exist between companies operating within the same industry that can be explained either by the company's participation in a successful strategic group or by a firm's specific competitive advantages. THE VALUE CHAIN DEFINED The idea of a value chain was first suggested by Michael Porter (1985) to depict how customer value accumulates along a chain of activities that lead to an end product or service. Porter describes the value chain as the internal processes or activities a company performs “to design, produce, market, deliver and support its product.” He further states that “a firm’s value chain and the way it performs individual activities are a reflection of its history, its strategy, its approach to implementing its strategy, and the underlying...
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...Introduction Unilever is a multi-national corporation, formed of Anglo-Dutch parentage that owns many of the world’s consumer product brands in foods, beverages, cleaning agents and personal care products. Unilever employs nearly 180,000 people and had worldwide revenue of almost €40 billion in 2005. Unilever is a dual-listed company consisting of UnileverNV in Rotterdam, Netherlands and Unilever PLC in London, England. This arrangement is similar to that of Reed Elsevier and that of Royal Dutch Shell prior to their unified structure. Both Unilever companies have the same directors and effectively operate as a single business. The current non-executive Chairman of Unilever N.V. and PLC is Michael Treschow while Patrick Cescau is Group Chief Executive, who will retire at the end of 2008. Mr Paul Polman will succeed Patrick Cescau as Group Chief Executive. The company is widely listed on the world’s stock exchanges. 1.2 Origin of report Since practical orientation is an integral part of the BBA program, I tried to expose real life performance of Uniliver by preparing this report. To prepare this report I have come across with different information of the Uniliver. From the collected information I understand the company’s activities in the market as Uniliverll as in their internal preparation for marketing and others activities. I expect that this report will fulfill the requirement of BBA program and provide a clear idea about the Uniliver activities and other multi-national...
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