...an experiment which involved putting an egg without a shell in three different substances. We put the first egg in water, the second egg in corn syrup and the third egg we wrapped in saran wrap and placed in an empty cup. We used an egg in place of a cell because they both have similar qualities, such as the cytoplasm being the inside of the egg and the nucleus being the yolk. Diffusion is the movement of cells from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane. Diffusion and osmosis are important because they help with cellular respiration, which is how we stay alive. We conducted this experiment...
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...includes selective transportation of molecules and cell-cell gratitude. The passive process of the plasma membrane doesn’t use energy to move substances down their absorption grade. Active transport process of the plasma membranes processes use energy to move substances across the membrane. Osmosis Lab 2. Explain your observations in detail in terms of concentration gradient, diffusion, osmosis, osmotic pressure, passive transport, and active transport. A. The osmosis lab was a really awesome lab. It gave you the excitement for three days to see how much the egg has changed. Concentration gradient is a ongoing change in the concentration of solutes in a solution as a function of distance through a solution. The concentration gradient of the egg was almost seeing through. You could see the eggs membrane and the yellow oak that was in the center of the egg. Diffusion is the tendency of atoms, molecules, and ions in a liquid or air solution to move from areas of higher concentration to areas of low concentration to become more diffuse. For the diffusion of the egg, the egg expanded and got higher concentration of the water outside of the membrane and a lower concentration inside the osmosis. Osmosis is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane into a...
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...Laboratory Exercise Osmosis and Diffusion “Osmosis and the Incredible, very Inedible Egg” **This is a fun thing to have your kids or significant other help with. Please note that this experiment takes several days to complete, so don't wait until the last minute to start!** I. Background: Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane. This is how water gets into and out of our cells. In this lab we will investigate the effects of different solutions on the water content of an egg. An egg will serve as our model of a cell. A. Remember, when comparing 2 solutions, the one with the greatest amount of stuff dissolved in it is called hypertonic while the one with the lesser amount of stuff dissolved in it is called hypotonic. Please get these terms straight in your mind before you start the experiment. B. Therefore, hypertonic solutions have less percentage of water in them than hypotonic solutions. Water, like everything else, moves from a greater concentration of itself to a lesser concentration of itself. C. In this experiment you will observe the movement of water into and out of an egg. To do this we will remove the minerals from the egg shell leaving only a membrane that is permeable to water. II. Supplies needed: 3 eggs 4 drinking glasses or clear containers Vinegar (about 2 cups) Foil or plastic wrap White Karo syrup (or any brand like it) Distilled water (actually...
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...Dialysis and Osmosis Beitz 1 Introduction: The cell membrane is not a solid structure. It is made of millions of smaller molecules that create a flexible container. Proteins and phospholipids make up most of the membrane structure. “The proteins are found around the holes and help move molecules in and out of the cell. There are also proteins attached to the inner and outer surfaces of the membrane” (BiologyKids, 15). There are receptor proteins which receive specific molecules, and there are transport proteins. There are two types of transport proteins which only allow specific molecules to enter and exits, therefore selectively permeable. Releasing chemicals is called Exocytosis, and taking in chemicals is endocytosis. “Scientists use the fluid mosaic model to describe the organization of phospholipids and proteins. The model shows you that phospholipid molecules are shaped with a head and a tail region. The head section of the molecule likes water (hydrophilic) while the tail does not (hydrophobic). Because the tails want to avoid water, they tend to stick to each other and let the heads face the watery (aqueous) areas inside and outside of the cell” (BiologyKids, 15). The two surfaces of molecules create the lipid bilayer. The interior of the lipid bilayer is “oily” and flexible like a soap bubble. Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane, which is a barrier that has holes large enough to allow water molecules to pass but small enough...
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...The data solute concentration of the egg was found by taking the average percent change in mass for each percent solute concentration used in the lab and putting the data into the graph(Mass vs. Solute Concentration Over 3 Days). According to the data from the class, the solute concentration inside an egg is 25.1%. The egg would be in an isotonic solution at 25.1% solute concentration. This is when the concentration outside the egg is equal with the concentration of water inside the egg. The point of equilibrium is the point at which the trendline crosses the x-axis. At this point, the egg would no longer gain or lose mass. If the concentrations are the same inside and outside the egg, diffusion will not be able to take place. All averages...
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...Bio 112 Lab Midterm Prep Scientific drawing: Size of drawing/ size of object Size of Object: FOV diameter/ # of objects that fit across FOV Dissolved Oxygen: Temperature in degrees Celsius. The colder the water the more dissolved oxygen. Low tolerance values indicate the organism can only live in good quality bodies of water. Higher the number the greater the species richness and species evenness. Two populations with the same total number of species could be uneven; the even population would have a higher index value. Species Diversity takes into account two factors: Species Richness - the number of different species present in a community Species Evenness - how evenly the total number of individuals is proportioned into each species Macroinvertebrates- inhabit streams, no vertebrae, visible without microscope (1-3 year life span), abundant Equipment: D-net, kick-net, surber sampler Macroinvertebrates are frequently used as bioindictors in biomonitoring. Bioindicators organisms that are used to monitor changes in environment Biomonitoring use of living organisms or their responses to determine the quality of environment Examples: mayfly nymphs, alderfly larvae, caddisfly larvae plus lots of aquatic worms. Dissolved oxygen (DO): concentration determined by temperature and the amounts of water mixing or turbulence, decomposing organic matter, and pollution Low DO water is polluted. Biotic Index pollution tolerance index to access health of a stream. High phosphorus...
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...Lab Manual Introductory Biology (Version 1.4) © 2013 eScience Labs, LLC All rights reserved www.esciencelabs.com • 888.375.5487 2 Table of Contents: Introduc on: Lab 1: Lab 2: Lab 3: Lab 4: The Scien fic Method Wri ng a Lab Report Data Measurement Introduc on to the Microscope Biological Processes: Lab 5: Lab 6: Lab 7: Lab 8: Lab 9: The Chemistry of Life Diffusion Osmosis Respira on Enzymes The Cell: Lab 10: Lab 11: Lab 12: Lab 13: Lab 14: Lab 15: Cell Structure & Func on Mitosis Meiosis DNA & RNA Mendelian Gene cs Popula on Gene cs 3 4 Lab Safety Always follow the instruc ons in your laboratory manual and these general rules: eScience Labs, LLC. designs every kit with safety as our top priority. Nonetheless, these are science kits and contain items which must be handled with care. Safety in the laboratory always comes first! Lab Prepara on • • Please thoroughly read the lab exercise before star ng! If you have any doubt as to what you are supposed to be doing and how to do it safely, please STOP and then: Double-check the manual instruc ons. Check www.esciencelabs.com for updates and ps. Contact us for technical support by phone at 1-888-ESL-Kits (1-888-375-5487) or by email at Help@esciencelabs.com. • Read and understand all labels on chemicals. If you have any ques ons or concerns, refer to the Material Safely Data Sheets (MSDS) available at www.esciencelabs.com. The MSDS lists the dangers, storage requirements, exposure treatment...
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...MicroBiology- MLT1 LabPaq / Published by: Hands-On Labs, Inc. sales@labpaq.com / www.LabPaq.com / Toll Free 866.206.0773 A Laboratory Manual of Small-Scale Experiments for the Independent Study of Microbiology 50-0222-MB-01 LabPaq® is a registered trademark of Hands-On Labs, Inc. (HOL). The LabPaq referenced in this manual is produced by Hands-On Labs, Inc. which holds and reserves all copyrights on the intellectual properties associated with the LabPaq’s unique design, assembly, and learning experiences. The laboratory manual included with a LabPaq is intended for the sole use by that LabPaq’s original purchaser and may not be reused without a LabPaq or by others without the specific written consent of HOL. No portion of any LabPaq manual’s materials may be reproduced, transmitted or distributed to others in any manner, nor may be downloaded to any public or privately shared systems or servers without the express written consent of HOL. No changes may be made in any LabPaq materials without the express written consent of HOL. HOL has invested years of research and development into these materials, reserves all rights related to them, and retains the right to impose substantial penalties for any misuse. Published by: Hands-On Labs, Inc. 3880 S. Windermere St. Englewood, CO 80110 Phone: Denver Area: 303-679-6252 Toll-free, Long-distance: 866-206-0773 www.LabPaq.com E-mail: info@LabPaq.com Printed...
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...Bio 156 – Midterm Study Guide Lesson One I. Characteristics of Life • List four main characteristics of all living things II. Diversity and Organizing Life • Describe three ways of classifying, or ordering, life on earth. • Given a random ordering of the levels of organization of life, rearrange them into the proper sequence. • Describe the concept "an organism is more than the sum of its parts." • List the six kingdoms of life. • By definition, distinguish between a population, a community, and an ecosystem. • Distinguish between a producer, a consumer and a decomposer. III. Origins of Diversity- Evolution of Life • Define the term "biodiversity. • Define the term "evolution." • Describe how diversity of life can arise by the operation of natural selection. IV. The Nature of Biological Inquiry – Scientific Method • Distinguish between a hypothesis and a prediction • Distinguish between inductive and deductive logic • What is meant by the phrase "potentially falsifiable hypothesis"? • Define the term "control group" and tell the value of a control group in an experiment • Define the term "theory" and tell at what point in a study a hypothesis becomes a theory • Design an experiment to test a given hypothesis, using the procedure and terminology of the scientific method. Try the problem:...
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...Studies VII Practical 9 Cell Biology Studies IX Practical 10 Cell Biology Studies X - Experiment Description Page Writing of Lab Reports Identification of Biomolecules 5 13 Identification of Unknown Carbohydrate Solutions and Investigation of Action of Saliva and HCl in Carbohydrate Solution at Two Different Temperatures Investigation of the Effects of Catalase Concentration on Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition 20 Synthesis of Starch Using an Enzyme Extracted from Potato Tuber Investigation of the Effects of Different Catalytic Conditions on Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition Microscopy 27 Practical 6 Cell studies II Practical 7 Cell studies III Extraction of Cell Organelles by Cell Fractionation Determination of Solute Potential of Potato Cell Sap 47 Practical 8 Cell studies IV Effects of Different Treatments on Stained Potato Cells 64 Practical 9 Energetics I Respiration of Germinating Beans 67 Microscopic Examination of Cells at Various Stages of Plant Mitosis and Meiosis DNA, Mitosis and Meiosis Modelling 71 Respiration of Yeast 93 Practical 3 Enzyme studies I (Experiment 1) Optional: Practical 3 Enzyme studies I (Experiment 2) Practical 4 Enzyme studies II Practical 5 Cell studies I - - Practical 10 Energetics II Lab manual version 6_201505 FHSB1214 Biology I & FHSC1214 Fundamentals of Cell...
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...UTAR FHSC1214 Fundamentals of Cell Biology Trimester 1 How YOU can do well in BIOLOGY Follow the 4A’s and you can expect A’s. A ttitude • Attend ALL lectures, tutorials and practicals on time without fail. • Be attentive in class and revise your notes after class while the topic is still fresh in your mind. Why waste time re-reading 2-3 months later? • Do your assignments faithfully as they carry marks for the finals. • Come prepared for lessons (i.e. read up beforehand). • Read up beforehand before attending lectures so that you won’t be lost and wasted hours of your life week after week. • Why stress yourself out if you can avoid it? Do NOT count on last minute revision for tests and examinations, as it will be too late to catch up and seek help in areas where you may find confusing or unclear of. • Why panic before exams because you can’t find this or that? Keep separate files for lecture, tutorial and practical. File up the respective notes systematically so that you do not lose them along the semester. • Do you expect the lecturer/ tutor to be available all the time to answer your questions? It is YOUR responsibility to take the initiative to clear your doubts or satisfy your curiosity to understand certain scientific phenomena by reading up on the relevant topics. A Based on a true story… A professor at the National University of Singapore recounts how on one occasion a student consulted him days before the exam. Student:...
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...Studies VII Practical 9 Cell Biology Studies IX Practical 10 Cell Biology Studies X - Experiment Description Page Writing of Lab Reports Identification of Biomolecules 5 13 Identification of Unknown Carbohydrate Solutions and Investigation of Action of Saliva and HCl in Carbohydrate Solution at Two Different Temperatures Investigation of the Effects of Catalase Concentration on Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition 20 Synthesis of Starch Using an Enzyme Extracted from Potato Tuber Investigation of the Effects of Different Catalytic Conditions on Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition Microscopy 27 Practical 6 Cell studies II Practical 7 Cell studies III Extraction of Cell Organelles by Cell Fractionation Determination of Solute Potential of Potato Cell Sap 47 Practical 8 Cell studies IV Effects of Different Treatments on Stained Potato Cells 64 Practical 9 Energetics I Respiration of Germinating Beans 67 Microscopic Examination of Cells at Various Stages of Plant Mitosis and Meiosis DNA, Mitosis and Meiosis Modelling 71 Respiration of Yeast 93 Practical 3 Enzyme studies I (Experiment 1) Optional: Practical 3 Enzyme studies I (Experiment 2) Practical 4 Enzyme studies II Practical 5 Cell studies I - - Practical 10 Energetics II Lab manual version 6_201505 FHSB1214 Biology I & FHSC1214 Fundamentals of Cell...
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...INSTRUCTOR GUIDE Human Anatomy & Physiology Laboratory Manual MAIN VERSION, Eighth Edition Update CAT VERSION, Ninth Edition Update FETAL PIG VERSION, Ninth Edition Update ELAINE N. MARIEB, R.N., Ph.D Holyoke Community College SUSAN T. BAXLEY, M.A. Troy University, Montgomery Campus NANCY G. KINCAID, Ph.D Troy University, Montgomery Campus PhysioEx™ Exercises authored by Peter Z. Zao, North Idaho College Timothy Stabler, Indiana University Northwest Lori Smith, American River College Greta Peterson, Middlesex Community College Andrew Lokuta, University of Wisconsin—Madison San Francisco • Boston • New York Cape Town • Hong Kong • London • Madrid • Mexico City Montreal • Munich • Paris • Singapore • Sydney • Tokyo • Toronto Editor-in-Chief: Serina Beauparlant Project Editor: Sabrina Larson PhysioEx Project Editor: Erik Fortier Editorial Assistant: Nicole Graziano Managing Editor: Wendy Earl Production Editor: Leslie Austin Composition: Cecelia G. Morales Cover Design: Riezebos Holzbaur Design Group Senior Manufacturing Buyer: Stacey Weinberger Marketing Manager: Gordon Lee Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings, 1301 Sansome St., San Francisco, CA 94111. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means...
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...Unit II: Genetics Brief Overview Reading: Chapters 3, 4, 9-12, 14 (Note: you have reviewed much of this already) The earth is teeming with living things. We can easily see some of the larger organisms—trees, grass, flowers, weeds, cats, fish, squirrels, dogs, insects, spiders, snails, mushrooms, lichens. Other organisms are everywhere, in the air, in water, soil and on our skin, but are too small to see with the naked eye—bacteria, viruses, protists (single celled eukaryotes such as amoebae), and tiny plants and animals. Life is remarkable in its complexity and diversity, and yet it all boils down to a very simple idea—the instructions for making all this life are written in nucleic acids, usually DNA. Most organisms have a set of DNA that contains the instructions for making that creature. This DNA contains four “letters” in which these instructions are written—A, T, G, and C. The only difference between the code for a dog and the code for a geranium is in the order of those letters in the code. If you took the DNA from a human and rearranged the letters in the right way, you could produce an oak tree—arrange them slightly differently and you would have a bumble bee—arrange them again and you would have the instructions for making a bacterium. Acting through more than two billion years, the process of evolution has taken one basic idea—a molecular code that uses four letters—and used it over and over, in millions of combinations to produce a dazzling array of life forms...
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...Kleinpeter, fourth generation CEO of Kleinpeter Farms Dairy, has boldly led his family’s business into a new product/market area, specifically the production and distribution of ice cream. For nearly one hundred years, Kleinpeter Farms Dairy has served the south Louisiana area as the leading milk processor and distributor, but now the company has invested millions of dollars in a new, but related product. Jeff seeks to build on the loyalty and goodwill generated among consumers because of Kleinpeter’s excellent reputation for high quality milk products in the south Louisiana area. Kleinpeter appeals to local customers through cross-branding other Louisiana products, such as Ponchatoula strawberries, Bergeron pecans, and Elmer’s Gold Brick Eggs. After the new product is launched, the company experiences challenges in marketing, operations, and human resource management. Key words: small business strategy, new product development, marketing strategy, family business Journal of the International Academy for Case Studies, Volume 16, Special Issue, Number...
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