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Egg Yolk Consumption

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Submitted By tranandrew1112
Words 750
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Andrew Tran
NUFS 163
Critical Analysis #1 In the article “Egg yolk consumption and carotid plaque,” a study is done to determine the effects of consumption of egg yolks on plaque buildup in the arteries and whether it is significantly harmful or not. The study claims high consumptions of egg yolk should be avoided by persons at risk of cardiovascular disease. In the study, there were 2831 patients who responded with data on their egg yolk consumption. The data was taken from a vascular prevention clinic where it included any patient who visited the clinic, and excluded patients who did not give consent or did not give information on necessary data. This resulted in a study of 1231 patients, with 47% of the patients being women. For the study, plaque was identified on both sides of the carotid artery and measured longitudinally in the plane it was largest. The plaque in the common, external, and internal carotid artery was traced with a cursor to measure the perimeter of each plaque, with the sum of the three plaque areas being the TPA. To determine a score of egg-yolk years, the number of eggs per week was multiplied by the number of years. Since the study included smokers, the design was split into groups of zero pack-years, between zero and ten pack-years, and so on. The carotid plaque area was then observed with respect to egg-yolk years to determine the effects of egg yolk on carotid plaque area. The result of the study showed carotid atherosclerotic plaque area increased linearly after the age of 40. Compared to age alone, smoking and egg yolk consumption accelerate atherosclerosis exponentially. For people who consumed 2 or fewer eggs per week, the total plaque area was 125 ± 129.62 mm2, whereas people who consumed 3 or more eggs per week had a total plaque area of 132.26 ± 142.48 mm2 (Spence, Jenkins & Davignon, 2012, p. 2). The study showed no significant correlation between egg yolk consumption and smoking history. The results do support the hypothesis of the study showing higher consumptions of egg yolk being potentially dangerous and a burden to atherosclerosis. People who consumed 3 or more eggs per week had a higher average total plaque area by 7.26 mm2 with a higher standard deviation by 12.86 mm2. Although the data supported the hypothesis, the study had its weaknesses. “The study weakness includes its observational nature, the lack of data on exercise, waist circumference and dietary intake of saturated fat and sources of cholesterol other than eggs, and the dependence on self-reporting of egg consumption and smoking history, common to many dietary studies” (Spence, Jenkins & Davignon, 2012, p. 4). The questionnaire was limited to specific questions and did not obtain information that could have affected the results. The biggest weakness of this study is the fact that the study is based on the patient’s recollection, honesty, and accuracy. Due to lack of control, the accuracy of the experiment is dramatically reduced. An interesting note would be how the egg-yolk years is calculated because having a low number of egg yolks consumed but a high number of years skews it higher. The strengths of this study are the large number of patients that had data available, high egg consumption despite recommendations, and carotid plaque burden at the end point (Spence, Jenkins & Davignon, 2012, p.4). Since the data came from a clinic, they were able to obtain a large amount of data for the study. If it were a controlled experiment, the number of patients would be reduced to those who take part in the study. In conclusion, the findings suggested regular consumption of egg yolk should be avoided if a person is at risk of cardiovascular disease. The researchers suggest testing this in a more controlled setting using more detailed information such as diet, exercise, and other factors that affect carotid plaque. The study has many missing elements, and even using it as a starting point would be very tricky. If a new study were done, the setting should be more controlled and details be kept more consistent. Currently, the data has little bearing until more factors are accounted for aside from estimated number of egg yolks consumed per year.

Reference Page
Spence, J. D., Jenkins, D., Davignon, J. (2012). Egg yolk consumption and carotid plaque. Atherosclerosis, 244 (2). Retrieved from http://www.atherosclerosis-journal.com/article/S0021-9150(12)00504-7/fulltext

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