...The ancient Egypt culture lasted for more than 3000 years. The government of Ancient Egypt had depended on two factors the pharaohs and agriculture. The Pharaoh was a crucial part of the Egyptian government and he named alternate authorities amid generally periods. The most elevated authorities took their requests specifically from the ruler. Farming was the establishment of Egypt's economy and government. Their culture and history date goes back thousands of years to the ancient Pharaohs. (Amelia Allonsy, 2014) Egypt's brilliant age corresponded with the eighteenth and nineteenth traditions, amid which the domain was set up. Persia vanquished Egypt in 525 B.C. , Alexander the Great repressed it in 332 B.C. , and afterward the line of the Ptolemies controlled the area until 30 B.C. , when Cleopatra, last of the line, conferred suicide and Egypt turned into a Roman, then Byzantine, territory. Middle Easterner caliphs ruled Egypt from 641 until 1517, when the Turks took it for their Ottoman Empire. (Egypt, 2010) The Egyptian nationalism...
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...The Civilizations and Cultures of Mesopotamia and Egypt Mesopotamia has been called the first civilization, forming around 2500 BC, but there was also another civilization being formed around the same time; the Egyptian civilization was formed by 3000 BC along the Nile River. Both civilizations were strongly influenced by geography, natural resources, and social class. The development of two great early civilizations were guided by the geography, natural resources, and social classes but these broad categories branched off in different directions for each civilization. Geography had a large impact on the successful development of these two civilizations. Both largely depended on nearby rivers for their success and were called the river civilizations. Mesopotamia translates to “land between rivers” which is exactly what it was. It was located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. These rivers provided for the Sumerians to develop an extensive irrigation system. They were also able to use the flooding of the rivers to their benefit, and all of these developments lead to them having things to trade which they also used the rivers to do. Goods were able to move from place to place along the river along with ideas. Similarly, the Egyptian civilization was strongly dependent on their river, the Nile, and they would have not made nearly as much advancement without it. When the Nile flooded it helped farming and agriculture by providing silt, helping the soil. Their irrigation...
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...STRATEGIC PLANNING Critically Assess the Theory and Practice of Strategic Planning in Tourism. Area of focus: Egypt Presented to the University of Sunderland Degree: International Tourism and Hospitality Management Student registration number: TABLE OF CONTENT Cover page......................................................................................Page 1 Table of Content.............................................................................Page 2 Abstract/Introduction.....................................................................Page 3 Introduction/Overview of Tourism in Egypt...............................Page 4 Overview of Tourism in Egypt/Tourism Planning in Egypt.........Page 5 Tourism Planning in Egypt........................................... Page 5,6,7,8,9,10 The Success of cultural events as promotional tool of Egypt..................................................................................Page 10 Conclusion and Recommendations...............................................Page 11,12 References...........................................................................................Page 12,13 ABSTRACT Tourism is considered to have a great strategic importance for any economy owing to its capacity for job creation and wealth generation. If a country creates an efficient strategic tourism plan and implement it in true letter and spirit...
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...reactions of different characters that stand for various layers of the Egyptian society towards the 1952 revolution, talked about the adventure between cultures and historically based that was happening in Alexandria at the time. Naguib made his characters all come from different political backgrounds and they all believed in different things because of their area and culturally environment. Egypt was having a lot of politically governments and high standards ideals in the 1900’s throughout the 1960’s. Egypt has gone through ups and downs because of this, which made it grow from generation to generation. But this has caused major problem in the society and the way the Egyptians live, it made it corrupt and cause conflict between other people. Now most Egyptians thrive to become like these political governors to have some sort of power in their country because without that they mean nothing and people will think less of them which is very stereotypical. In this essay I will focus on two major characters from the book and talk about their background and how they are being treated in the country and by the people from a history stand point and a political one as well and how Egypt was and the way it treats different types of people. The Egyptian Revolution of 1919 was a countrywide non-violent revolution against the British occupation of Egypt. It was carried out by Egyptians but then British-ordered exile of revolutionary leader Saad...
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...Journal of Business Cases and Applications The state of accounting in Egypt: a case Khaled Dahawy The American University in Cairo Nermeen F. Shehata Cairo University Tad Ransopher Georgia State University Abstract Egypt, one of the largest Middle East economies, is beginning its transition to a market economy. As a developing nation, Egypt has witnessed several changes in its accounting system during last two decades. This case provides an analysis of the Egyptian accounting system with emphasis on the development of the Egyptian Accounting Standards. In addition, this case makes recommendations for the reformation of the Egyptian accounting system. Keywords: Egypt, International accounting standards, Egyptian accounting standards, Egyptian accounting system, Privatization, Culture The state of accounting, Page 1 Journal of Business Cases and Applications 1. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this case is twofold. The first goal is to present an analysis of the development of the Egyptian accounting system. The second goal is to provide several recommendations to facilitate the Egyptian accounting reformation. Once accounting reformation occurs, Egyptian companies can prepare financial reports that will be of greater benefit than those at present. To Egyptian companies the result will be an increase in foreign investment and funds raised from external sources. With these goals as the objective, Egyptians need to comprehend successful accounting systems...
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...Export IKEA furniture products to Egypt Instructor: Bonnie Heineman Wolfe MBA 617: Import Export Management Pinarath Sinluksanathip Munkh Orgil Zorigoo Funmi Ogunwale Nasser Madini Samuel Sandeep Trang Huynh December 3, 2012 CONTENT I. Executive Summary II. Introduction III. Product background analysis IV. Egypt Overview V. Barrier to trade of Egypt VI. Market Analysis VII. Marketing Effort VIII. Logistic and Supply Chain analysis 1. Logistic Strength in Egypt: 2. Egypt Facts from Logistics Perspective 3. Creating a Supply Chain and Logistics Strategy a. Determining the Store Location and Capacity b. Transportation and Storage c. Logistic partnerships d. Logistic Enterprise and Measurement 4. Risk Management Plan for Supply Chain and Logistics IX. IKEA Distribution Process to Egypt X. General document requirement for exporting I. Executive Summary IKEA is a home furnishing company with a fully integrated supply chain, including its own industrial groups – Swedwood and Swedspan. The IKEA Group, directly or indirectly, also owns retail centers, always with an IKEA store as unique anchor tenant. The IKEA Group works in four basic areas: range strategy & product development, production, supply and retail. The parent company of the IKEA Group of Companies, INGKA Holding B.V. is owned by Stichting INGKA Foundation in the Netherlands (The case of IKEA...
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...Women of the United States vs. Women of Egypt: Rough Draft Marina P. Youssef Elements of University Composition and Communication I October 10, 2012 Professor Hope Umansky University of Phoenix Women of Egypt vs. Women of the United States The similarities between the women of Egypt and the women of the United States (U.S.) are almost non-existent but for the fact that they equally want freedom and women’s rights. The differences are almost tenfold greater. Although there are many differences between the women of Egypt and the women of the U.S., the most outstanding distinctions are in their manner of dress, their role in society, and in their treatment by men. One of the common distinctions in women living in the United States and women living in Egypt is in their styles of clothing. Most Muslim women in Egypt veil themselves, covering everything from their head down to their toes, sometimes even wearing gloves to cover their hands and heavy veils over the eyes. By law, the Christian women and “modern Muslim” women are required to dress modestly, whether it be summer or winter. They wear long, loose skirts or pants, and shirts with sleeves no shorter than a few inches above the elbows. It is a daily struggle for these women, risking being harassed or molested in the streets. The veiled women in particular have victoriously won the freedom of painting the nails on their exposed fingers, and wearing open-toe shoes or sandals. Conversely, women of the United...
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...Study of Danish, Egyptian, and U.S. Action-Adventure Fans KARIN GWINN WILKINS1 University of Texas at Austin This article explores how being an action-adventure fan resonates with articulations of national identity, attitudes toward other nations, and fear of global terrorism in the United States, Denmark, and Egypt. Action-adventure film relies on global Hollywood production, yet the reception of this genre works quite differently in the cultural contexts of communities and affinities of fans. Being an action-adventure fan appears to bear a close relationship with a tendency to exhibit fear of global terrorism and to conceptualize Americans as heroes, particularly among U.S. audiences. Danish and U.S. fans seem more likely to want to cast Egyptian characters as villains than their non-fan counterparts, whereas Egyptian fans prefer Danish characters to be villains. Limited characterizations in this genre inspire and reinforce the imagined scenarios of fans in which American heroes are justified in crucifying foreign villains. Keywords: action-adventure, political attitudes, United States, Denmark, Egypt This work explores how action-adventure fans based in Egypt, the United States, and Denmark map their own and others’ nations and fear of terrorism through their engagement with action-adventure film. Research on the potential consequences of consuming problematic narratives and stereotypes is beginning to offer empirical evidence of our need to be concerned with the Orientalist...
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...INTRODUCTION The world is becoming more and more urban. In the 1800’s, only 3 % of the world population lived in the cities. In the 1950’s, the percentage reached around 30 %. At the present time, it is more than 50 % of the population and the prediction indicates that probably two third of the world’s population will live in cities by the year 2030. Globally, the Cities represent 2 % of earth’s surface, but use 75 % of its resources. In consequence, mega cities are concerned by the 3 following main dimensions : · the social dimension (cultural diversity and variety, education, art, living conditions, transport, security, health care, innovation, …) · the economical dimension (work & mass unemployment, improvement of infrastructure, new technologies, decentralisation, repartition of wealth, capital equipments, …) · the ecological dimension (energy sources, sustainable development, air and water pollution, noise pollution, traffic jam, water supply, urban sprawl, urban environment protection, public transportation, waste management, …) DEFINITION OF MEGA CITIES There are numerous large and wide cities all around the world. At the present time the urban population is estimated to around 3.5 billion of inhabitants and will probably be more than 5 billion by 2030. The term “mega-cities” was defined for metropolitan agglomerations which concentrate more than 10 millions of inhabitants.In 2011, above 25 cities reached the level of more than 10 million of inhabitants...
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...------------------------------------------------- Pepsi in Egypt Date: 3/14/15 Over the past three decades a fundamental change has been occurring in the global economy. Barriers to the free flow of coming down, indicating that national goods and services have been economics are becoming more integrated into single global market. In the global market companies are able to produce their products and introduce them to other cultures or countries. As a result of this change in the economy, material culture is starting to look similar over the world. One example of material culture is food or drinks. Pepsi would be one of the famous drinks that the world shares. Pepsi is a soft drink that was first introduced as "Brad's Drink" in New Bern, North Carolina, in 1883 by Caleb Bradham, who made it at his pharmacy where the drink was sold.*2 Pepsi nowadays, is produce by PepsiCo, Inc. PepsiCo, Inc. is one of the world's top consumer product companies with many of the world's most important and valuable trademarks. Its Pepsi-Cola Company division is the second largest soft drink business in the world, with a 21 percent share of the carbonated soft drink market worldwide and 29 percent in the United States. Three of its brands, Pepsi-Cola, Mountain Dew and Diet Pepsi&mdashe among the top ten soft drinks in the US market.*1The company’s headquarters are in Purchase, New York. ...
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...Egypt’s Politics and Culture Nicole L. Hoo SOC315: Cross-Cultural Perspectives (CIL1545A) Instructor: Sheila Farr December 7, 2015 Egypt’s Politics and Culture Egypt is for the most part a modern nation country relative to organization, rule, and administration; however it is not a modern Western country. Although the contemporary Egyptian state remained in essence authoritarian, such rule was not accepted unconditionally. Its legitimacy depended on adherence to certain public expectations. Egypt’s path to democracy has been continues to harshly challenge the country’s socioeconomic, political, and cultural institutions and continues to plague the nation with the current uprising for open democratic governance. Civilization and pictures of an ancient land established somewhere down in history are evoked by the insignificant notice of Egypt that was a riddle until the mid nineteenth century. In old times, Egypt was known for its magnificence, the considerable sphinx, pyramids, and pharaohs. Past the magnificence, Egypt is likewise perceived for improvements of hieroglyphic written work and accomplishments in craftsmanship, building design, and horticulture. The wellspring of antiquated Egypt's flourishing realm is said to be the Nile River and agriculture. Herodotus, the traditional Greek history specialist, depicted Egypt as the endowment of the Nile. The Nile was the life of the valley with its downpour surges and retreating cycles. Egypt was a standout amongst...
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...Entrepreneurship is the ability to develop , manage and organize a business under any risks to make a profit , starting a new business is the obvious example to entrepreneurship ,entrepreneurship in egypt expose to pressure or a risk due to the change in social or economic fields , the employers who want to improve competitiveness and efficiency should be aware about the culture of the society , so the egyptian society is differ from the american society and also the society from the point of money which society is richer( Mamdouh Farid, 2007) ", Journal of Management Development, Vol. 26 Iss: 5, pp.428 – 440” , large companies have failed due to the global ciris which lead to dispense of a lot of employees , entrepreneurship and creating of jobs is considered a way to develop the society and the stability of egypt , researches have done about entrepreneurship in egypt and the arab world to reinforcement the economic field and about the rate of unemployment in this region , focus on entrepreneurship is not strange as it play an important role to decrease the unemployment , A well-directed entrepreneurship ecosystem can offer solutions to the economical and cultural challenges . From the barriers that face the entrepreneurship in egypt is eductional system , youth are not qualified with basic entrepreneurial skills like development of business , eductional program related to the entrepreneurship should be teached in the private univeristies to increase the awareness...
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...Robert F. Obeji April 26, 2014 EC: 462 Prof. Rush Policy and History of the Arab Spring in Syria As the Arab Spring developed throughout the Middle East in early 2010, countries such as Tunisia and Egypt adopted peaceful solutions to transition from authoritative governments to democratic inspired political systems. In Syria, the situation was different, the country unraveled into chaos as groups sought to gain power over each other in an attempt to oust Bashar Al Assad’s 70 year old regime. What happened was four years of warfare without end in sight, and 6.5 million Syrian refugees seeking asylum outside of Syria. Compared to the whole of the Middle East, Syria as a country tends to be one of the most diverse in the region. Syria has numerous sects of Islam, Christians, Jews, and foreign religions in an area the size of Ohio. It also has the Kurds in the North who consider themselves outside of the Arab-centric culture. When Hafez Al Assad took power in the early 1970’s, he adopted a nationalistic view as his minority group would be contested by the majority Sunni population (theatlantic.com). Prior to adopting that policy, the Baath party was ruled by Gamal Abdel Nasser who united Egypt and Syria as part of the United Arab Republic. Nationalism took effect throughout the Middle East as the Ottoman Empire, Britain, and France started to lose its grasp over the region. Nationalism was a way to unite a divided people against a common foe. After realizing the dream of...
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...Eygypt’s political transitions. Summarize political developments in post Mubarak Egypt and identify that country’s most likely political trajectory over the next five years. What do you see as the major forces shaping contemporary political development in Egypt? Introduction Dr Jamal al-Din Hamdan, a renowned Egyptian historian, wrote in Volume 1 of his four-volume book Shakhsiyat Misr (Egypt’s Distinctive Character), In Egypt the ruler is regarded as a God until he falls. He is above criticism, until he departs. He is the history and geography [of Egypt] until he is replaced by someone else. He always fancies Egypt as his private property, his hamlet or his larger village. He is the state and the fatherland. Loyalty to the fatherland is synonymous with loyalty to his regime, and to him personally ... He regards any criticism of Egypt as criticism of him personally and, hence, an unforgivable treason. (Najjar, Fauzi 2008) This has been the character of the state of Egypt from its earliest rulers, the pharaohs. In January 25 the foundations of this slumber Tahrir Square and elections For eighteen days, from January 25 to February 11, 2011, Tahrir was occupied in order to take down Mubarak’s regime, and over these weeks, the square witnessed many bloody episodes. On Tuesday, January 25, thousands of Cairenes responded to a Facebook call to follow the model of the Tunisian revolution that had just deposed that country’s president and forced him to flee. Of the hundreds...
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...MTV Networks: The Arabian Challenge Introduction The MTV Network (Music Television) is a global brand which introduced the concept of a cable music channel. It was launched in America in 1981 and quickly its popularity spread to other similar channels across the world. Over the years MTV developed a reputation for providing programmes with a localized content without diluting down what MTV stood for. MTV using its open western culture and sometimes controversial content was known to air sexually explicit and provocative programmes to a youthful audience. The Middle East is highly individual and religiously and politically sensitive region with no fewer than 35 Arabic regional dialects. However with a cash rich oil industry and a population of some 120 million people under 25, it is no wonder MTV joined forces with Arabia Media Group (largest media group in UAE) to launch the Arabic version of MTV in November 2007. As a free to air music television channel, it was launched and rebranded as MTV Middle East. MTV Arabia shows Arabic music videos and locally produced programmes as well as popular US programmes such as the “The Hills” and “Jackass.” There are approx. 370 other free to air channels in the region. The market is reported to be worth 2.5bn to 3bn US dollars and is growing at a rate of approximately 30%. Another important factor is that there is no established TV rating system which means advertisement slots are being sold against shows that the ruling families...
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