...Egypt: Secular State to Religious State Egypt has been well known throughout history for major significant monuments, but in the 1900’s Egypt was under the control of the British. They had one major leader (Nasser) in Egypt who helped Egypt declare their independence from Britain conquest. Gamal Abdel Nasser, who formed and established the Arab Socialist Union (ASU), was the second President of Egypt serving from 1956 until his death. He planned the 1952 overthrow of the monarchy, and was deputy prime minister in the new government. While Nasser was controlling the state of Egypt it was still a secular state, leaving the minority religions under somewhat stable state under the constitution of Egypt. Nasser kept the state secular such as having an one-party system which prevented religious groups like the Muslim Brotherhood from an opportunity to voice their political views. This made the Arab Socialist Union the sole party in parliament under the Nasser era. After the death of Gamal Abdel Nasser in 1970, there was a huge shift once Anwar Sadat seized control as being the secretary of the former Prime Minister Nasser. Anwar Sadat drafted a new constitution, which included the principles of Sharia into the Egyptian constitution. The state changed from being a secular state to becoming a religious state. Anwar Sadat abolished certain views of Nasser, which he did not agree with. He abolished the one party rule, which gave an opportunity to Islamic groups such as the Muslim...
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...Ottoman lands * Selim III was overthrown and European powers began looking for ways to take the lands. * Geopolitics is the interest of taking lands because of its strategic positioning, geopolitics played an important role in Ottoman lands * Powers were very interested in Ottoman lands since it would control the Mediterranean and Atlantic sea trade. Merchants had to go through these lands. * The discovery of oil in Persia and Arabian Peninsula created more tension around this area Russia and Crimean War * Russia wanted to gain the Ottoman lands because of its grain exports * Russian czars would launch a war on the Ottomans to gain the Black Sea territory * The wars were fought on a peninsula and was called the Crimean War * Fearing that Russia would gain the Black Sea lands, France and Britain joined the ottoman side * The combined forces defeated the Russians * Even after winning the war against Russia, the Ottomans continued to lose territory. * The Russians had helped the Slavic people who were rebelling against the Ottomans at the time * Ottomans lost Romania, Montenegro, Cyprus, Bosnia, Herzegovina, and Bulgaria. Geopolitics lands create problems again * Great Britain and Russia fight over Muslim Lands * Great Game was the war over India, which were currently Britain’s most profitable colonies. * Russia wanted to gain India’s’ wealth but the British had successfully defended. * After...
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...Export IKEA furniture products to Egypt Instructor: Bonnie Heineman Wolfe MBA 617: Import Export Management Pinarath Sinluksanathip Munkh Orgil Zorigoo Funmi Ogunwale Nasser Madini Samuel Sandeep Trang Huynh December 3, 2012 CONTENT I. Executive Summary II. Introduction III. Product background analysis IV. Egypt Overview V. Barrier to trade of Egypt VI. Market Analysis VII. Marketing Effort VIII. Logistic and Supply Chain analysis 1. Logistic Strength in Egypt: 2. Egypt Facts from Logistics Perspective 3. Creating a Supply Chain and Logistics Strategy a. Determining the Store Location and Capacity b. Transportation and Storage c. Logistic partnerships d. Logistic Enterprise and Measurement 4. Risk Management Plan for Supply Chain and Logistics IX. IKEA Distribution Process to Egypt X. General document requirement for exporting I. Executive Summary IKEA is a home furnishing company with a fully integrated supply chain, including its own industrial groups – Swedwood and Swedspan. The IKEA Group, directly or indirectly, also owns retail centers, always with an IKEA store as unique anchor tenant. The IKEA Group works in four basic areas: range strategy & product development, production, supply and retail. The parent company of the IKEA Group of Companies, INGKA Holding B.V. is owned by Stichting INGKA Foundation in the Netherlands (The case of IKEA...
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...official name for the largest Christian church in Egypt and the Middle East. The foundational roots of the Church are based in Egypt, but are now worldwide. The church was established by Saint Mark, an apostle and evangelist, in the middle of the 1st century. Coptic Orthodox Christianity started in Egypt but has become worldwide and has become a common faith around the world. Egypt is identified in the Bible as the place of refuge that the Holy Family sought in its flight from Judea: "When he [Joseph] arose, he took the young Child and His mother by night and departed for Egypt, and was there until the death of Herod the Great, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the Lord through the prophet, saying, Out of Egypt I called My Son" (Matthew 2:12–23). The word Copt is derived from the Greek word Aigyptos, which was, in turn, derived from "Hikaptah", one of the names for Memphis, the first capital of Ancient Egypt. The modern use of the term "Coptic" describes Egyptian Christians, as well as the last stage of the ancient Egyptian language script. The word ‘orthodox’ literally means ‘straight opinion.' The Coptic church is based on the teachings of Saint Mark , he brought Christianity into Egypt during the roman era when Nero was emperor. Christianity spread throughout Egypt within a half century of Saint Marks arrival in Alexandria. According to the tradition when Saint Mark arrived on his missionary journey to Egypt...
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...world’s attention for the change they promised. Deemed successful for achieving their goal of change, though not necessarily change for the better, further evaluations have been sparsely performed. However, in judging social movements, what happens is shaped to a greater degree by the media, specifically. We shall look at modern day Egypt and Ukraine in our analysis. The effect of social media—and the Internet more generally—in both sets of protests is undeniable yet also distracting. Like most historic events, these protests and revolutions were in part possible due to a new technology. Flipping through the pages of history we see that The Reformation in Europe was aided by the invention of the printing press; the revolutions of 1848 occurred in some respect thanks to the invention of the telegraph which transmitted news across Europe of one set of protests overnight; the age of modern terrorism, from the late 18th century onwards, came upon the world when it did due to the invention of dynamite. This limited case study will; 1) analyze the effects that social media plays in organizing anti-government protests with reference to recent unrest in Egypt and Ukraine, 2) implore how often the social media is misused to create false images in the international community....
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...African Christianity: A case study on Theology in Africa Today Christianity is a term that is used very broadly. Over the past few decades Christianity has mainly been predominate in the West and looked upon as a Western religion. For example, one would not expect high number of Christians in places overseas like Indonesia where it is a Muslim majority country. But as times have gone on the number of Christians throughout the entire world have drastically increased since then. According to the Phew Form, the top countries with the largest number of Christians are the United States, Brazil, Mexico, Russia, Germany, Philippines, China, Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Ethiopia. In fact Indonesia actually contains more Christians than the combined 20 countries within Middle East-North Africa region (Phew, 2011, 13). According to Barrett, within multiple graphs and statistics shows rapid growth of Christianity in the developing countries of the Global South, in places like Asia, Africa, and Latin America (1970). About 90% of Christians live in countries where Christians are in the majority leaving approximately 10% of Christians worldwide living as minorities (Phew, 2011). Christianity is a religion that is found everywhere throughout the world. The religion today can definitely be said to be nothing at all alike as to what it was like a century ago. Christianity has truly become a global faith accepted by people, communities, and homes across the entire world....
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...Thutmose III also known as the greatest and most powerful Warrior Pharaoh and Warrior King began his fifty-three year, ten month and twenty six day reign in a co-regency with step-mother Hatshepsut during the New Kingdom 18th dynasty. Thutmose carried out seventeen successful military campaigns over his ruling and was the most successful and tactical military strategist through his implementation of surprise attacks, belief of the Gods supporting him, tributes and oaths, the sharing of booty and the building of a strong navy and army. Dubbed with the title of “The Egyptian Napoleon” shown in the source The Great Commanders Of The Egyptian World, Thutmose demonstrated the ability to command the Ancient Egyptian world and dominate surrounding cities and countries. Thutose was an incredibly skilled warrior whose name was associated with the status of hero long after his ruling in Egypt. Thutmose III came from a dynasty of great and powerful military strategists which laid the underpinning for him to be a powerful “Warrior Pharaoh”. Thutmose III built on the foundations his grandfather Thutmose I laid out after obtaining his commencing his reign in early childhood. At the start of Thutmose III’s sovereignty, where Hatshepsut took full control and Egyptians experienced stability, peace and prosperity. The Egyptian army was on standby, fully equipped and ready to go when called for Thutmose’s first expedition in to Nubia and Asia at age 11. From this time the reign was a complete...
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...Assess the reign of Amenhotep III Amenhotep III’s reign is often referred to as a time of political stability and economic prosperity for Egypt. Under his reign, and as a result of many conquests of his predecessors, Egypt was flooded with wealth, promoting a flourishing civilisation. With this sense of stability and wealth, Amenhotep was able to invest his time into building programs, building extensively at Thebes, Luxor and Karnak, which also resulted in an advancement in art and religion. In order for his reign to be as successful as it was, Amenhotep also had to promote the image of warrior pharaoh in order to maintain ma’at. Amenhotep governed his empire by a policy of diplomacy, he needed to maintain the peace and stability through a carefully kept balance of power between greater and lesser kingdom. Due to these factors Amenhotep has a highly successful reign for almost 40 years. With the empire at peace for most of his reign, Amenhotep was able to initiate a building program that would surpass that of any of his predecessors. O’Conner says “few Pharaohs from any period of Egyptian history are as noteworthy for their monument-building activities as Amenhotep III.” The Temple of Luxor is an example of the architectural achievements during Amenhotep’s reign. Reeves says that it is Amenhotep’s principal architectural triumph. The temple was built for the purpose of the Opet Festival. This festival renewed the pharaoh’s power and reaffirmed that he was the god’s son. Reliefs...
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...Military. Egypt began forming an army in the Middle Kingdom. When Egypt was without a pharaoh, they fought each other with weapons such as bows, clubs, and spears. They wore linen kilts and leather straps around their chest. Without their army, ancient Egypt wouldn’t have become one of the greatest civilizations in the world. The army was very important to the ancient Egyptians. It was considered to have formed when Nebhepethre Mentuhotep I united Egypt in the Middle Kingdom. Men who wanted to join the military gathered by the mayor of the village. The governor of the territory chose the best men for recruitment. Men of the upper class became charioteers. Scribes started as pay clerks but later advanced to Scribe of Recruits. Soldiers first trained in barracks. They went home when they weren’t needed. Even if they were at home, they shared the booty and plunder that was taken by the army. Before fighting, the Egyptians and their opponents agreed on the place and time of battle. There were no ambushes and they fought in broad daylight on open ground. There was a trumpet signal to begin when both sides were ready. They usually fought on land but the occasional warship was used. Soldiers used medicine to heal battle wounds. They used bandages for broken bones, needles for surgery, and moldy bread to stop cuts from getting infected. Soldiers often received cures in prescription bottles. They carried amulets to ward off evil spirits. There were many wars in ancient Egypt. Egyptians...
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...The contributions of Amenhotep III to the 18th Dynasty were extensive and wide-ranging throughout the Egyptian empire as described by Aldred, “he left so universal and impressive a legend of superhuman qualities that his successors could only attempt a pale reflection of it”. His reign contributed so heavily to diplomacy, military, building, religion and art that it was named “a zenith of magnificence”. The reigning intent of Amenhotep III was to developed the relations of Egypt and its vassal states which were strained by the invasions of his predecessors. He did not need to prove martial strength as the empire was secure, so he used his authority to ease tension with the northern countries and unite them under the empire. Evidence for...
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...female pharaoh of Egypt, Hatshepsut, one of the best pharaohs to ever live in Egypt. After Thutmose’s death, his son Thutmose III (by a minor wife) was named their heir. Since the boy was so young, Hatshepsut ruled with him. But as she was ruling with him she declared herself pharaoh. She stated that the reason she claimed the throne was because the god Amen-Ra said she was to be pharaoh. While taking charge of the nation, she dressed not as a woman, but as a man. As pharaoh, Hatshepsut extended Egyptian trade and oversaw ambitious building projects, such as the temple of Deir-el Bahri. But she also fought to defend her legitimacy as pharaoh. She ordered to be drawn as a male pharaoh, with a beard and large muscles. She was very...
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...unknown to the Egyptians. The Hyksos, ruled Egypt from about 1640 to 1570 B.C. Because of the invasion it shook the Egyptians’ confidence in the desert barriers that had protected their kingdom. The pharaohs of the New Kingdom( about 1570-1075 B.C.) sought to strengthen Egypt by building an empire. An empire brings together several people or states under the control of one ruler. Egypt enter its third period of glory during the New Kingdom era. During this time it was wealthier and more powerful than ever before. Hatshepsut was one of the rulers of the New Kingdom, who declared herself pharaoh around 1472 B.C., was unique. She took over because her stepson (the male heir of the throne), was a young child at the time. Hatshepsut was different from other New Kingdom...
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...Egypt I- Government: A- Egypt has many constitutions like the U.S., Egypt is a monarchy and in the year 1952 Egypt became a republic just like the U.S. B- The Egyptian constitution proclaims Arabs republic of Egypt to be a democratic state with Islam C- The government is a strong executive, dominates with the Egyptian political system D- Their president is nominated by the national legislatures and serves for a six year term. II- Military,Wars and Battles: A- The military in Egypt is of modern state. In the past they used to fight off invasions of their land B- Egyptians also attacked their neighbors in the past like, the Levant (modern Israel C- They maintains a large military, consisting of army, navy, air force, and the air force command D- About 450,000...
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...Study Guide for Mesopotamia and Egypt Vocabulary words you will need to know for the test are: Cuneiform- Earliest forms of writing Diaspora- Jews that live outside Israel Delta- Empire- A single supreme authority Fertile Crescent- An area of fertile soil Hieroglyphics- Egyptian form of writing Mesopotamia- It’s the area of the Tigris-Euphrates Monotheistic- Belief of only one god Mummification- How Egyptians prepared the body before burial. Papyrus- Ancient Egyptian paper Pharaoh- Egyptian king Polytheistic- Belief of more than one god Rosetta Stone- A stone with writing on it in two different languages Sabbath- A religious day for jews Theocracy- A government of three Torah- A book of religious laws for jews Ziggurat- Rectangular stepped tower Important People: Cyrus the Great- The first Assyrian king Darius the third king of persia David king of Isreal Hammurabi the sixth Amorite king Hatshepsut the fifth pharaoh of eygpt Nebuchadnezzar Assyrian king Ramses II the third pharaoh Sargon akkadian emperor Solomon the king of Israel and son of david Thurmose III the third pharaoh of the 18th dynasty Tutankhamen pharaoh of the 18th dynasty Zoroaster the founder of zorastrianism Concepts you will need to know for this test are: 1.) Who was the first civilization to settle in the Fertile Crescent? Mesopotamia 2.) Why was Mesopotamia called, “land between the rivers”? What...
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...civilizations since the beginning of time, even before the existence of the religions we have today. In ancient civilizations, it was believed that rulers were the key to the gods and Ancient Egyptian history is an example of this. Egypt, although primarily known for their pyramids, has...
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