...Lockett, Roblee Page 1 of 48 6/3/2003 GENETIC ALGORITHM BASED DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MULTIPLIERLESS TWODIMENSIONAL IMAGE FILTERS by Douglas J. Lockett and Christopher D. Roblee ********* Senior Capstone Design Project Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Union College Steinmetz Hall Schenectady, New York 12308 U.S.A. Submitted May 30, 2003 Final Project Report Senior Capstone Design Project, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Union College, 2003. © 2003 Douglas Lockett, Christopher Roblee Lockett, Roblee Page 2 of 48 6/3/2003 Table of Contents: Abstract……………………………………………………………………………….3 1. Introduction…………………………………………………………………………..4 2. Theory of Multiplierless Arithmetic………………………………………………...5 3. Image Filters 3.1. Motivations for IIR vs. FIR……………………………………………………....7 3.2. Edge Detection …………………………………………………………………..8 3.3. Canny Edge Detection……………………………………………………………9 4. Genetic Algorithms 4.1. Motivations……………………………………………………………………...10 4.2. Basic Theory…………………………………………………………………….10 4.3. Description of the Designed Genetic Algorithm………………………………..13 4.3.1. Fitness Function Definition and Crossover Selection…………………...17 4.3.2. Magnitude Response and Relative Error………………………………...19 4.3.3. GA Parameters…………………………………………………………...19 5. Results 5.1. Magnitude Frequency Analysis ……………………………………………...…21 5.2. Spatial Analysis…………………………………………………………………24...
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...Redistribution Between EIGRP for IPv6 and OSPFv3 Topology [pic] Objectives • Review EIGRP and OSPF configuration. • Summarize routes in EIGRP. • Summarize in OSPF at an ABR and an ASBR. • Redistribute into EIGRP. • Redistribute into OSPF. Background Two online booksellers, Example.com and Example.net, have merged and now need a short-term solution to inter-domain routing. Since these companies provide client services to Internet users, it is essential to have minimal downtime during the transition. Example.com is running EIGRP while Example.net is running a multi-area OSPF. Because it is imperative that the two booksellers continuously deliver Internet services, you should bridge these two routing domains without interfering with each router’s path through its own routing domain to the Internet. The CIO determines that it is preferable to keep the two protocol domains shown in the diagram during the transition period, because the network engineers on each side need to understand the other’s network before deploying a long-term solution. Redistribution will be a short-term solution. In this scenario, R1 and R2 are running EIGRP while R2 is the OSPF autonomous system border router (ASBR) consisting of areas 0, 10, and 20. You need to configure R2 to enable these two routing protocols to interact to allow full connectivity between all networks. In this lab, R1 is running EIGRP and R3 is running multi-area...
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...EIGRP vs OSPF EIGRP or OSPF, one is not necessarily better, but rather just different. Both are tools you can use to solve a problem they’re well suited to solve. Unfortunately, nothing on either protocol goes into too much detail on why we would use one or the other. EIGRP is known widely as a proprietary protocol. So is it just a matter of using EIGRP with Cisco equipment and OSPF without? OSPF is pretty cool because it allows us to decide the path through the network by being aware of all links in a given logical topology. OSPF gives us a bit more control, seeing as each router knows about every other link in an OSPF area, allowing us to get really granular path selection. OSPF does require more resources on the device than most other protocols, such as the relatively light DUAL algorithm that sits behind EIGRP. So use OSPF when you have beefy equipment and EIGRP when you don’t. From what I’ve read Cisco will be allowing EIGRP to be used on non-Cisco equipment. That will make it more available to use. So now EIGRP may be kind of open and newer equipment is less affected by the power of OSPF. So back and forth we go. One thing where OSPF holds an advantage is the ability to see your route. With EIGRP it’s considered routing by rumor. EIGRP is able to summarize on any interface running EIGRP, and OSPF is only able to do this at Area Border Routers, or routers at that join multiple areas together. There are a couple ways of looking at this, but I’d like to make one very clear...
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...EIGRP Vs OSPF EIGRP - Is an advanced distance-vector routing protocol, with optimizations to minimize both the unstable route incurred after topology changes, as well as the use of bandwidth and processing power in the router. Routers supporting EIGRP will automatically redistribute route information to IGRP neighbors by converting the 32 bit EIGRP metric to the 24 bit IGRP metric. Most of the routing optimizations are based on the Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL) work from SRI, which guarantees loop-free operation and provides a mechanism for fast convergence. IGRP is created by Cisco. OSPF - Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a link-state routing protocol for IP networks. It uses a link state routing algorithm and falls into the group of interior routing protocols, operating within a single autonomous system (AS). OSPF is the most widely used interior gateway protocol (IGP) in large enterprise networks. OSPF is a trusted Cisco course-plotting method that creates managing big systems achievable. OSPF represents "Open Least Route 1st. inch this smallest journey would be the one particular with the cheapest. OSPF uses a metric to look for the volume of over head it'd price tag to be able to post info spanning a presented interface. This course-plotting criterion makes use of this specific metric to choose the most efficient journey in between resource and getaway. Determining your metric, or maybe price tag, yourself can be executed simply using a basic working out. ...
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...EIGRP Vs OSPF EIGRP - Is an advanced distance-vector routing protocol, with optimizations to minimize both the unstable route incurred after topology changes, as well as the use of bandwidth and processing power in the router. Routers supporting EIGRP will automatically redistribute route information to IGRP neighbors by converting the 32 bit EIGRP metric to the 24 bit IGRP metric. Most of the routing optimizations are based on the Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL) work from SRI, which guarantees loop-free operation and provides a mechanism for fast convergence. IGRP is created by Cisco. OSPF - Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a link-state routing protocol for IP networks. It uses a link state routing algorithm and falls into the group of interior routing protocols, operating within a single autonomous system (AS). OSPF is the most widely used interior gateway protocol (IGP) in large enterprise networks. OSPF is a trusted Cisco course-plotting method that creates managing big systems achievable. OSPF represents "Open Least Route 1st. inch this smallest journey would be the one particular with the cheapest. OSPF uses a metric to look for the volume of over head it'd price tag to be able to post info spanning a presented interface. This course-plotting criterion makes use of this specific metric to choose the most efficient journey in between resource and getaway. Determining your metric, or maybe price tag, yourself can be executed simply using a basic working out...
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...EIGRP (Distance Vector) and OSPF (Link-State) Routing Protocol Comparison Prepared By Part 01 Literature Review Date April 15 2016 * Executive Summary For routers to be able to effectively and efficiently distribute data across a network they need to be programmed with the network topology. One method in which the network is "mapped" can be done by using routing protocols. The two main types of routing protocol are Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) and Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP). * * Project plan The study will be compromised of setting up two different network topologies and implementing the different routing protocols on each so that we can observe and record the positive and negative aspects of each protocol. * Literature review http://packetlife.net/blog/2008/oct/2/distance-vector-versus-link-state/ “There are two major classes of routing protocol: distance vector and link-state. It's easy to remember which protocols belong to either class, but comprehending the differences between the two classes takes a bit more effort.” EIGRP (Distance Vector) and OSPF (Link-State) Routing Protocol Comparison * Summary EIGRP and OSPF are routing protocols used to advertise routes in a network. EIGRP was a cisco proprietary protocol, and OSPF is an open standard industry protocol, which means it can be implemented with non-Cisco devices. Protocols are set of rules and regulations, routing protocols...
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...ERouting EIGRP PT Practice SBA A few things to keep in mind while completing this activity: 1. Do not use the browser Back button or close or reload any Exam windows during the exam. 2. Do not close Packet Tracer when you are done. It will close automatically. 3. Click the Submit Assessment button to submit your work. Introduction In this Packet Tracer Practice Skills-based Assessment, you will: * complete the configuration of a partially configured network * establish connectivity to the West Region and the Internet through the use of static and dynamic routing * verify connectivity Addressing Table Device | Interface | Address | Subnet Mask | Default Gateway | EastHQ | S0/0/0 | | | N/A | | S0/0/1 | | | N/A | | S0/1/0 | | | N/A | | S0/1/1 | | | N/A | E-Branch1 | Fa0/0 | 192.168.0.1 | 255.255.255.128 | N/A | | Fa0/1 | 192.168.0.129 | 255.255.255.128 | N/A | | S0/0/0 | 192.168.1.250 | 255.255.255.252 | N/A | | S0/0/1 | 192.168.1.245 | 255.255.255.252 | N/A | E-Branch2 | Fa0/0 | 192.168.1.1 | 255.255.255.192 | N/A | | Fa0/1 | 192.168.1.65 | 255.255.255.192 | N/A | | S0/0/0 | 192.168.1.254 | 255.255.255.252 | N/A | | S0/0/1 | 192.168.1.246 | 255.255.255.252 | N/A | EPC1 | NIC | 192.168.0.2 | 255.255.255.128 | 192.168.0.1 | EPC2 | NIC | | | | EPC3 | NIC | 192.168.1.2 | 255.255.255.192 | 192.168.1.1 | EPC4 | NIC | | | | NetAdmin | NIC | 192.168.1.66 | 255.255.255.192 | 192.168.1.65...
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...Unit 5 Assignment 1: Cisco Networks EIGRP versus OSPF EIGRP: Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol Is another routing protocol just like RIP and OSPF. EIGRP converges very quickly and it takes about the same time or not less than OSPF takes to converge, but without the negatives of OSPF. EIGRP’s benefit requires much less processing time, memory and less design than say OSPF. The downside with EIGRP is that it is Cisco-proprietary, so if an internet work areas uses non-Cisco routers it cannot be used on those routers. EIGRP is neither distance-vector nor link-state. Sometimes Cisco refers to EIGRP as an enhanced distance vector protocol but in some cases calls it a balanced hybrid routing protocol. EIGRP has some similarities to routing protocols but the differences far outweigh them. OSPF: Open Shortest Path First Is a link-state routing protocol for Internet Protocol (IP) networks. It uses a link state routing algorithm and falls into the group of interior routing protocols, operating within a single autonomous system (AS). It is defined as OSPF Version 2 in RFC 2328for IPv4. The updates for IPv6 are specified as OSPF Version 3 in RFC 5340 . OSPF is perhaps the most widely used interior gateway protocol (IGP) in large enterprise networks. IS-IS, another link-state dynamic routing protocol, is more common in large service provider networks. The most widely used exterior gateway protocol is the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), the principal routing protocol between autonomous...
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...Routing & Router Configuration A Report to Critically Compare a Number of Routing Protocols; Including RIP v2, EIGRP & OSPF Paul McDermott CCNA 2 Table of Contents 1.0 Abstract 3 2.0 Introduction 4 3.0 Protocol overview 5 3.1 RIP v2 Overview 5 3.2 EIGRP Overview 6 3.3 OSPF Overview 6 4.0 Protocol Comparison 10 4.1 Topology Overview 10 4.2 Protocol Types 10 4.3 Administration Distance 10 4.4 Protocol Tables 11 4.5 Algorithm 11 4.6 Metric 12 4.7 Periodic Updates 12 4.8 Hierarchical / Scalable 12 4.9 Load Balance 13 4.10 Comparison Table 14 5.0 Conclusion 15 6.0 References 16 Abstract The following report is a critical comparison of three routing protocols; RIPv2, EIGRP and OSPF, detailing the protocol features, as well as their similarities and differences. The report takes an in-depth look at the technical elements and algorithms used in these protocols, such as Bellman Ford, DUAL, and the Dijkstra Algorithm; and how these algorithms are used to calculate the routing metric. The report also discusses the fact that EIGRP is the most desirable protocol to use on Cisco based routers, while OSPF can be used across different router manufacturers. While looking at the technical considerations that are needed in choosing a routing protocol for a desired network the report will also look into the CPU/memory requirements, and how difficult the protocol is to install and maintain...
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...EIGRP and early IGRP are released by Cisco. They’re both distance vector protocols. EIGRP is enhanced edition of Interior Gateway Routing Protocol. Though it adopts distance vector algorithm, it has some features of link state protocol. EIGRP has improved a lot compared to IGRP; it relies on the Diffused Update Algorithm (DUAL) to calculate the shortest path a destination within a network. It is totally loop-free, and has very fast convergence speed among all the routing protocols. EIGRP is an enhanced distance vector protocol, relying on the Diffused Update Algorithm (DUAL) to calculate the shortest path to a destination within a network. The strengths of EIGRP are Fast convergence EIGRP is an advance distance vector protocol, one of its core strengths is its fast network convergence capabilities, unlike other routing protocols EIGRP keeps feasible successor routes right into the routing table, and this allows millisecond convergence should the successor route fail. Flexible in summarization Unlike OSPF, EIGRP allows you to summarize anywhere, in bigger environments where routers are advertising hundreds of networks, route summarization can greatly enhance router's and network operational capabilities, its less taxing on CPU/memory and cheaper to run / maintain. Unequal cost load- balancing EIGRP allows unequal cost load balancing, which means you can use 2 different cost links to load balance traffic, no other protocol can do this. It is VLSM friendly unlike other distance vector...
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...communication problems with the current topology, but could cause a system breakdown if the serial connection between R2 and R3 goes down. Problem 3: The mask of R2’s Fa0/0 is wrong The current mask is 255.255.255.224 and the proper mask is 255.255.255.240. Although the IP of R2 and PC2 both fall into the same subnet of the current mask no connection problems occur, but if additional PC’s were added and given an IP address within the same mask as PC2 communication problems may arise if that IP is outside the mask on R2. EIGRP Serial Configuration I S3 - FA0/0 and S0/0/1 S5 - This is the autonomous system number. This number must match the configured autonomous system number configured on any neighboring EIGRP devices. S6 - This will enable EIGRP on R2’s Fa0/0 and S0/0/1 S8 - Yes there is one new route learned, and the one letter code for EIGRP is D S9 - F0/0 and S0/0/1 are listed here, they are the same interfaces I predicted, and only S0/0/1 shows and peers EIGRP Serial Configuration II S3 - F0/0 and S0/0/1 S4 - network 172.16.0.0 and network 192.168.82.0 S6 - The 1 represents the autonomous system number S7 - S0/0/1 S8 - F0/0 S10 - Yes I see three routes...
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...Redistributing Routing Protocols Document ID: 8606 Contents Introduction Prerequisites Requirements Components Used Conventions Metrics Administrative Distance Redistribution Configuration Syntax and Examples IGRP and EIGRP OSPF RIP Redistributing Static Routes Except Gateway of Last resort in RIP using Route Map IS−IS Connected Routes Avoiding Problems Due to Redistribution Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 How to Redistribute Single Static Route Related Information Introduction The use of a routing protocol to advertise routes that are learned by some other means, such as by another routing protocol, static routes, or directly connected routes, is called redistribution. While running a single routing protocol throughout your entire IP internetwork is desirable, multi−protocol routing is common for a number of reasons, such as company mergers, multiple departments managed by multiple network administrators, and multi−vendor environments. Running different routing protocols is often part of a network design. In any case, having a multiple protocol environment makes redistribution a necessity. Differences in routing protocol characteristics, such as metrics, administrative distance, classful and classless capabilities can effect redistribution. Consideration must be given to these differences for redistribution to succeed. Prerequisites Requirements There are no specific requirements for this document. Components Used ...
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...Chapter 14 Answer the following review questions. For some questions, more than one choice may be correct. 1. Which of the following routing protocols are considered to use distance vector logic? a. RIP b. IGRP c. EIGRP d. OSPF 2. Which of the following routing protocols are considered to use link-state logic? a. RIP b. RIP-2 c. IGRP d. EIGRP e. OSPF f. Integrated IS-IS 3. Which of the following routing protocols support VLSM? a. RIP b. RIP-2 c. IGRP d. EIGRP e. OSPF f. Integrated IS-IS 4. Which of the following routing protocols are considered to be capable of converging quickly? a. RIP b. RIP-2 c. IGRP d. EIGRP e. OSPF f. Integrated IS-IS 5. Router1 has interfaces with addresses 9.1.1.1 and 10.1.1.1. Router2, connected to Router1 over a serial link, has interfaces with addresses 10.1.1.2 and 11.1.1.2. Which of the following commands would be part of a complete RIP Version 2 configuration on Router2, with which Router2 advertises out all interfaces, and about all routes? a. router rip b. router rip 3 c. network 9.0.0.0 d. version 2 e. network 10.0.0.0 f. network 10.1.1.1 g. network 10.1.1.2 h. network 11.0.0.0 i. network 11.1.1.2 6. Which of the following network commands, following a router rip command, would cause RIP to send updates out two interfaces whose IP addresses are 10.1.2.1 and 10.1.1.1, mask 255.255.255.0? a. network 10.0.0.0 b. network 10.1.1.0 10.1.2.0 c. network 10.1.1.1 10.1.2.1 d. network 10.1.0.0 2550.255...
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...EIGRP vs OSPF IP Networking NT2640 Travis McCaig 05/07/16 Mr. M. G. Durazo Ed. EIGRP vs OSPF In this paper we will explore and compare EIGRP and OSPF protocols to determine if one might be better suited to a particular network. First I’ll explore their positive or negative features individually. Then I’ll do a more side-by-side comparison to see if there are more noticeable differences. Finally, I’ll make an informed decision on which protocol to choose based on network’s size, topology and more. EIGRP Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol or (EIGRP) is a protocol that lets routers exchange a copy of its neighbors routing tables. These tables are updated each time a new router comes online and EIGRP can detect changes in routes. It can do this marvelous feat by periodically sending a “hello” packet, that essentially responds an active or inactive result. If a router isn’t available EIGRP changes the route as well as updates the other neighboring routers. Finally, this protocol can consider distance and determine if a path is loop-free thereby determining most efficient route. OSPF Open Shortest Path First also called OSPF is a protocol that like EIGRP can exchange routing tables with neighbors with an added bonus. The bonus is that it creates a complete map of all networks and this is dubbed an Autonomous System or AS. This complete picture of the AS is also copied and shared but the advantage lies in the ability to manually manipulate routes for traffic...
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...Cisco Networks – EIGRP versus OSPF Compare point | OSPF | EIGRP | standard | Open standard of IETF supported by most vendors. | Cisco owned private routing protocol not been supported by any other vendors; is not as mature as OSPF. | popularity | Most popular IGP in the world | Only a few networks designed by EIGRP,and is getting less and less popular. | algorithm | SPF algorithm fast convergence, loop free. | DUAL algorithm could be in SIA status, query could spread out the whole network. | topology | Can build a hierarchy and scalable network. | Cannot build a hierarchy network with this protocol. | Supportive of new technology | Support OSPF-TE | Does not support TE. | Table content gathered from: (http://www.h3c.com/portal/Products___Solutions/Products/Other_Products/Routers/Quidway_AR18-3X_Series_Routers/White_Paper/200701/194248_57_0.htm) EIGRP FEATURES: * Support for IP, IPX, and AppleTalk via protocol-dependent modules * Considered classless (same as RIPv2 and OSPF) * Support for VLSM/CIDR * Support for summaries and discontiguous networks * Efficient neighbor discovery * Communication via Reliable Transport Protocol (RTP) * Best path selection via Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL) (http://ciscotests.org/ccna.php?part=7) OSPF SPF calculation computational cost table Router | Attached Networks and Costs | R1 | Net 1-Cost 2, Net 3-Cost 5, Net 4-Cost 2 | R2 | Net 1-Cost 1, Net 2-Cost 4, Net 6-Cost 2 | R3 | Net 2-Cost...
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