...Program Report Domestic Violence CJHS/410 Evelyn Diaz 01/19/2015 Chris Abreu Domestic Violence The battering of women has been in existence for a long time in Western in Western culture. As long as men view woman and children as property, he will use violence as a form of control. In the past society turned their heads on domestic violence because it was not considered a crime. All through history the regulations and rights related to this control have been codified by both civil and religious laws. In the 1800 BC, the Code of Hammurabi states that was subservient to the man and he could inflict punishment anyone in household for any wrong doings (“Overview of Historical Laws That Supported Domestic Violence”). According to the Roman Code of Paterfamilias it says if a man should discover your wife committing adultery the husband may with permission put her to death with no trial, but if he catches him in same predicament she cannot do anything about it.without trial. It was seen in Bradley v. State of Mississippi, 1824 (“Under The Rule Of Thumb”) . Not to long ago in 1977 the California Penal Code said That in order for women to press battery on their husbands they would have to have sustained more injuries then the usual battery charges. It was around that time during the Women’s Movement that domestic violence was being considered a crime. According to, James and Gilliand 2010, the approach to domestic violence has changed immensely over the last 30 years. There has...
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...Phoenix | Parole and Truth in Sentencing | CJS/200-Foundations of the Criminal Justice System | | Roy Burgess II | 3/30/2014 | The parole system is an integral part of the U.S. criminal justice system. The functions of parole are closely tied to the laws regarding truth in sentencing. The focus of this paper is to outline the concepts related to the parole system and the intent of the truth in sentencing laws. | The early release of an inmate from a correctional facility is defined as parole. The goal of parole is to provide a means for an inmate to gradually reenter society and lead a productive life. There are two types of parole, discretionary parole and mandatory parole. An inmate that is eligible for discretionary parole must go before a parole board to show that they are no longer a threat to society and that they are capable of beginning to rebuild their lives and becoming a productive member of society. Mandatory parole is determined by the sentencing guidelines and is not under the control of the parole board. After an inmate has served a predetermined amount of time according to sentencing, they are automatically released from custody. Both forms of parole have specific conditions that must be followed and failing to do so could result in the individual returning to prison. The conditions of parole vary according to the jurisdiction, but they also share some of the same restrictions and requirements. One condition that is common under parole is the...
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...In order to study the past, present and future implications of the probation and parole system, I had to study the history of both. I will begin with the history of probation and then talk about the history of parole. I will also talk about how probation and parole work in the present and how and what will happen to both probation and parole in the future. Probation comes from the Latin verb probare which means to prove, to rest. Probation was first introduced to the United States in 1841 when a boot-maker by the name of John Augustus attended court to bail out a drunkard. This offender was released to the custody of Mr. Augustus making him the first true probation officer, the offender was told to return to court in three weeks time for sentencing. During the time the offender was in the custody of Mr. Augustus he cleaned up his appearance and demeanor. Mr. Augustus had the belief that abusers of alcohol could be rehabilitated through the use of understanding, kindness, and sustained moral suasion not convictions and jail sentences. His beliefs were based on his affiliation with the Washington Total Abstinence Society, they abstained from alcohol. Augustus was a volunteer probation officer for 18 years. He began the practice of evaluating the prospective probationers paying close attention to whether the candidate would prove to be a successful candidate for probation. Things that were considered in a successful candidate were the character, age, and influences...
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...The Parole and Probation Administration of the Philippines The Parole and Probation Administration (Filipino: Pangasiwaan ng Parol at Probasyon), abbreviated as PPA, is an agency of the Philippine government under the Department of Justice responsible for providing a less costly alternative to imprisonment of first-time offenders who are likely to respond to individualized community-based treatment programs. HISTORY: Probation was first introduced in the Philippines during the American colonial period (1898–1945) with the enactment of Act No. 4221 of the Philippine Legislature on August 7, 1935. This law created a Probation Office under the Department of Justice. On November 16, 1937, after barely two years of existence, the Supreme Court of the Philippines declared the Probation Law unconstitutional because of some defects in the law's procedural framework. In 1972, House Bill No. 393 was filed in Congress, which would establish a probation system in the Philippines. This bill avoided the objectionable features of Act 4221 that struck down the 1935 law as unconstitutional. The bill was passed by the House of Representatives, but was pending in the Senate when Martial Law was declared and Congress was abolished. In 1975, the National Police Commission Interdisciplinary drafted a Probation Law. After 18 technical hearings over a period of six months, the draft decree was presented to a selected group of 369 jurists, penologists, civic leaders and social and behavioral...
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...The 2008 Parole and Probation in the United States states that number of non-violent offenders for every ten offenders has remained seemingly unchanged from 2004 through 2008 (Glaze & Bonczar, 2008). The rate of people entering parole has decreased while the rate of people exiting the parole and probation systems has increased. “The growth rate of parole population during 2008 (.9%) was a third of the rate of growth during 2007 (2.7%)” (Glaze & Bonczar, 2008). An increased percentage, 49%, of parolees completed their supervision terms in 2008 from the 2007 study’s 46% (Glaze & Bonczar, 2008). Many have questioned the parole system's effectiveness. Arguments for and against abolishing state-adjudicated parole have been presented. Those against giving parole to convicted individuals argue that a prison sentence is a better option because it successfully prevents criminals from entering the community and committing additional crimes. Parole system opponents claim that the system makes decisions that are sporadic and lack justification. Taking the best interests of the community into consideration, some States have abolished state-adjudicated parole. Supporters of parole say that low-risk, one-time offenders should be given parole by considering certain factors. These factors will help determine if one is prone to habitually revert back to crime. They include mental health, prison discipline record, family support, permanent residence, and potential employment (Traughber)...
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...Parole System Lucas Short Social Justice & Ethics Maria Karabekou June 18, 2012 While the Parole System keeps an eye on the convicted, flaws in the parole system end up costing society more in the long run. To reduce the cost we need to make the parolees responsible for the number of visits, making it harder to get on parole will make the parolees take the process more serious. Parole system was started in 1817, it was referred to as the “good time” law, and it was set up to let inmates out early based in their good behavior (Parole System, n.d.). In 1876, they started making the sentences with a minimum and maximum time frame. At this time the prison employees were set up with a inmate to follow through with their parole. In 1930, the Division of Parole was established (Parole System, n.d.). They took over the responsibilities of the department of corrections to make sure that all of the parole responsibilities were met effectively. Forty years later the Division of parole was merged with the Department of Corrections and formed the Department of Correctional Services (Parole System, n.d.). The parole system was designed to help manage the population of our prisons. When someone is given a prison sentence they are give a time frame. For example, one may be sentenced “15 to 25 years”. This means that after their 15 years they are eligible for parole. The decision for parole is based on what the parole board determines...
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...Parole and Mandatory Release Tiffany Berkley CJS/230 March 16, 2012 Douglas Brinkley Parole is the release order agreement of an inmate with conditions of terms from the Commission. Parole is an act of a second chance of live outside prison under supervision rather than serving the whole sentence in prison. Mandatory release is when a prisoner has been denied parole at a hearing but is released on good credit earned. Parole and mandatory release has no different rules both are supervised and have to serve the sentence until sentencing is expired. Supervision of mandatory parolees varies widely from state to state—from the same level of supervision as other parolees to lower supervision to no supervision at all. Current policies of parole and mandatory release descriptions for a parolee is to report in person to the parole officer, obtain approval of the parole officer for change of address and jobs, and stay away from owning or distribution weapons and firearms also control dangerous substance. Make payments to the court for imposed penalties. In New Jersey Parole Board has a special parole policy that refraining from associations with people involved in criminal activity, attending substance abuse treatment, attending mental health counseling, and abiding by a curfew. Nationwide...
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...The Penal Treatments of Offenders Prof. Dr. Ayman Elzeiny A:- The Ideology of Treatment : 'The abandonment of the word "punishment" in favor of "corrections" was a reflection of a trend favoring an approach to the offender much the same as would be made to the mentally ill, neglected, or underprivileged. It was based on a more humane ideology, a treatment model, in which criminal behavior is seen as a manifestation of pathology that can be handled by some form of therapeutic activity. However, although the criminal may be referred to as sick, a treatment ideology is not analogous to a medical approach. The justification for the comparison with physical and mental illness lies in the assumed need for the offender to recognize the danger and undesirability of his criminal behavior and make a significant effort to renounce it. The treatment model does not "remove" criminal behavior, as surgery might remove a malignancy or chemotherapy extinguish an infection; rather the "patient" or inmate is made to see the rewards of socially acceptable behavior and encouraged to adopt it as a mode of conduct for himself. (1) Contrary to some popular misconceptions, the treatment ideology does not mean that inmates are "coddled" and permitted to do as they please within an institution. ______________________________ (1) Sanford Bates, "The Establishment and Early Years of the Federal Probation System," Federal Probation 51 June 1987, p : 4-9. - National Advisory...
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...PROBATION AND PAROLE What are the job functions of a parole officer? A parole officer monitiors the offender to ensure that he is following each condition of release. They may also perform random drug testing, monitor employment history and performance, meet weekly or bimonthly with the offender and his family, and present evidence to the judge in the event a condition is broken. What are the pros and cons of the position? The pros are income, foot in the door, productivity, respect, confidence, healthcare. The cons are lower wages, no future, multiple jobs, limited time for job- hunting. What are their recommendations for entering that field? Prospective parole officers normally receive a high school diploma or G.E.D as the first step toward their career objectives, most government agencies require parole officers to have a bachelor’s degree. Are you interested in this career? Why or why not? Yes I am interested in this career because I want to be a probation or a parole officer one day and that’s why I’m taking criminal justice class. I want to put the bad guys behind bars, so they can learn their lessons and you got some that follow the rules and we got some that don’t but we all got somewhere they will follower the rules at and that is prison or jail. Some probation officers try to look out for some of these hard head boys and girls but they don’t believe nothing until they behind them bars and then they crying like babies… that’s why I teach my kids hardhead leave a...
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...Parole is the early release of a prisoner who was to serve an indefinite amount of time in prison. After the prisoner is released early (usually after a certain percentage of the original sentence was completed) they are then subject to continued monitoring. Those on parole are expected to follow every law in order to stay out of lockup again. Random drug tests and home visits are done to ensure the parolee is in compliance. Parole is just described as early release where in a Mandatory Release on parole is given to an inmate when he or she has good time credit, plus the actual time served. If the inmate has to serve four years the two years in prison and the two years good time would equal to four years. They would be released from prison and serve the last two years out on parole. A parolee must basically refrain from any type of illegal activity and any activity that my lead to an illegal activity. The list of these guidelines is as follows: 1. Obey all laws and ordinances 2. Report in person to the parole officer 3. Notify the parole officer immediately after any arrest 4. Obtain approval of the parole officer: For any change in resident or employment location Before leaving the state 5. Do not own or possess any firearm 6. Do not own or possess any weapon 7. Refrain from the use, possession, or distribution of a controlled dangerous substance 8. Make payment for court imposed penalties 9. Register with the appropriate law enforcement...
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...Parole and Mandatory Release By: Eleanore Krzeminski CJS/230 Janette Nichols Parole has many different meanings to others. The word parole is the release of an inmate with certain conditions that the offender checks in when supposed to and follows all the rules until the time has been done. An inmate is released when the parole board sees a certain amount of rehabilitation and when the board no longer sees the inmate as a threat to society. Mandatory release is when the inmate has had enough good behavior before he/she is due for release of prison. According to the research that I have done to the current parole and mandatory release policies things have been confusing. From what I understand the current policy is that an inmate is to serve at least three months of his/her sentence before eligible for mandatory release. A person who is eligible for parole must serve a sentence of at least six months upon release. For a better solution in the parole process I think that parole should be based on the crime in which was committed. When you have inmates that go to prison for murder they have the hope that in so many years they will be eligible for parole. Parole should be for those who get sentenced to prison one time. When you have more and more offenders that go to prison four to five times and yet still seemed to get paroled out within a certain amount of time. References: Illinois Department of Corrections...
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...Determining Conditions of Probation CJA/234 June 18, 2009 ABSTRACT Conditions of parole and probation have contributing factors that affect an offender’s post-prison life. The background of the offender is very important when determining conditions of probation and parole. The history of offenses committed by the offender is extremely important. Conditions of parole and probation consist of drug/alcohol treatment, psychiatric evaluation/treatment, anger management treatment, family counseling, job training, housing assistance, and intensive supervision. The conditions recommended help the offender turn his or her life around permanently. In some cases that does not happen when the desire of the offender does not exist. Determining Conditions of Probation Stanley Gravas is married with two children. He recently lost his third child in an accident. The loss of his child sent his family in chaos. Stanley admitted he was a social drinker but when his child died, he started drinking more. Neither he nor his family has dealt with their grief. This is the second DWI. Looking at his case I decided to give Stanley a few conditions in his probation that will not only help him but his family as well. Stanley must attend drug and alcohol treatment which includes attending meetings regularly. He and his family will also attend family counseling to help them with the grief and the damage that Stanley’s drinking has done to all of them. After 90 days he has been...
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...The Function of Parole in the United States When the subject of parole comes up many things come to mind, such as who make the decisions to release inmates from prison, who is on parole, who supervises them and how, who sends them back to prison, does it work, is it effective, is the community safe, and so on. To begin, lets define what parole is. Parole is a method of releasing offenders from prison prior to the expiration of their sentence (McCarthy and Leone, 121). Inmates are screened for the suitability for release based upon the risk they pose to the public (McCarthy and Leone, 121). If for some reason the parolee’s performance on parole is unsatisfactory, then they may have their parole revoked and be returned to prison. Some people think that parole is a waste of time and that offenders should just be left in prison to do their time and that is that. However, other people think that these offenders have a chance at being rehabilitated with parole and can help them become better people. I think if some of these offenders have been doing well in prison and can be released early under supervision of a parole agency, then they deserve a chance to try and make their lives better for themselves and even their loved ones. This kind of a program could really help some of these offenders get their lives back on track and get them stepping on the right path again. Parole, however, is not for every offender. Some offenders may get released on parole, but do not end up meeting...
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...Fatimah Innab Juvenile Process and Corrections JUS 374 Juvenile Justice Systems and Processes Debra Nadeau May 7, 2012 Justice has always been the goal of our court system, but it is not always assisted, especially in cases involving juveniles. The judiciary process has progressed from a system that did not originally consider juveniles, to one where juveniles have their own court proceedings, facilities, and even laws. The juvenile justice system has come a long way, and individuals have worked very hard in its creation. A juvenile is considered to be an individual, under the age of 18, approaching an adult. However, approaching an adult does not always mean that juveniles will have an adult mindset. Therefore, juveniles may need extra attention to help get their lives on track. This paper will examine the process and corrections of delinquent juveniles. The police and other law enforcement agencies usually have first contact with juvenile offenders. Juveniles can come into contact with law enforcement in three ways. First, law enforcement officers may see a law violation and respond. Second, officers may receive a report of delinquency and investigate it. Third, juvenile offenders might turn themselves in, accepting responsibility for a delinquent behavior. Officers have a variation of options to control juveniles when they come into contact with them. These options can be grouped into informal and formal options. The more serious...
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...with me what a day consists of working with these women The interview started with Carla sharing information regarding this program, how it came to exist and its impact upon these women. Carla explained to me that “In 2011, Governor Edmund G. Brown Jr. signed Assembly Bill (AB) 109 and AB 117, historic legislation that has helped California to close the revolving door of low-level inmates cycling in and out of state prisons” (n.d.). This means “Assembly Bill 109 establishes the California Public Safety Realignment Act of 2011 which allows for current non-violent, non-serious, and non-sex offenders, who after they are released from California State prison, are to be supervised at the local County level. Instead of reporting to state parole officers, these offenders are to report to local county probation officers” (n.d.). This means more opportunities for those that have been incarcerated for low level crimes. After speaking with Miss Johnson, she shared that the main focus of her job is recruitment, referrals and advocacy. Networking and collaborating with potential resource agencies is time consuming and it is not always immediately productive to the needs of her clients. Miss Johnson shared that her typical day depends on the needs of her client’s at that time. It begins with an initial meeting while they are in jail. Clients are assessed and subsequently determinations are made on their behalf specific to their needs. This ranges from making sure that consents...
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