...perceptions within the same group of firms over time allows for a clear picture of how the broad business environment is changing. Firms in both countries are operating in a time of dynamic economic, political, and social changes. However, perceptions of the severity and challenges posed by certain business environment elements differ in the two countries. The World Bank’s Enterprise Analysis Unit surveyed the same group of 319 Afghani firms in 2008 and 2010, as well as a group of 385 Pakistani firms in 2007 and 2010. Survey results show that firm perceptions of the severity and priority of certain business environment elements have changed over time, especially in the areas of electricity, political instability, and corruption. Changes in top obstacle reporting should only be interpreted as changes in what element is currently most relevant to firms. For example, suppose a firm in Afghanistan considers electricity and corruption to be its top two concerns. In 2008, the firm selects electricity as their top obstacle because it is fundamental to daily operations. The firm acquired a generator by 2010, so electricity was no longer a top concern, and corruption was selected as the top obstacle. The important nuance is that the severity of corruption may not have improved or worsened, it was identified as the top obstacle only after their electricity supply was resolved. The degree of obstruction a business environment element poses to firm operations is captured by the major constraint...
Words: 2580 - Pages: 11
...COUNTRY HIGHLIGHTS MYANMAR 2014 The World Bank interviewed a representative sample of the private sector, composed of 632 establishments, between February and April 2014. The Enterprise Survey covers several aspects of the business environment as well as performance measures for each firm. Below are the main highlights from the survey. 30 8 7 25 6 20 15 4 3 10 Percentage 5 Percentage Private sector firms in Myanmar have reported spectacular sales growth since the onset of a series of government-initiated policy reforms in 2011. A 24% real annual sales growth rate puts Myanmar in the fastest growing private sectors as measured by y Enterprise Surveys (ES). The employment growth rate is positive but lower than the average of the economies in East Asia and Pacific (EAP). Importantly, this remarkable sales growth took place despite great hurdles (see below), which is suggestive of continued growth that could be unlocked by further reforms. As Myanmar continues to open up to foreign investment, this growth will likely continue. 2 5 1 0 Real annual sales growth (%) Myanmar 2014 0 Annual employment growth (%) EAP Low income Access to finance remains difficult for firms in Myanmar 100 16 90 14 80 12 70 60 10 50 8 40 6 30 4 20 2 10 0 Percentage Percentage One of the biggest challenges for firms in Myanmar is access to financial services. The proportion...
Words: 1074 - Pages: 5
...NAME: DATE: 7/10/11 COURCE: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 1010 INSTRUCTOR: TITLE: ENERGY SOURCES AND USES IN GREECE AND E.U. Introduction: The primary energy sources in our days are fossil fuels which are the natural gas, oil, coal, the nuclear power and other renewable sources, and as a secondary energy source, the electricity power. In Greece 86.3% of primary energy sources come from fossil fuels and especially 85.4% is coal. Coal has a high environmental impact when burned, because of the huge amount of soot and carbon dioxin released in the atmosphere, but also has a direct impact in our health, for example can cause asthma. This huge consumption can be explained because in Greece 70% of electricity comes from coal. Most European countries depend in the use of fossil fuels. But as it referred above, fossil fuels are extremely dangerous to our planet and for our health. So we must find a solution in reducing the consumption of these harmful energy sources and focus in the increase of consumption of the renewable sources which have the least environmental impact. The start has been made. European Union, decided to reduce by 20% the carbon emissions, compared to 1999, until 2020. This step brings us closer to the use of Renewable energy. Materials: PCs and access to Internet Use of Excel Rulers Sources: 1)http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-CD-10-220/EN/KS-CD-10-220-EN.PDF the Eurostat yearbook 2010, Chapter 11...
Words: 2180 - Pages: 9
...Energy development and use per unit of output seem to decline over time in the more advanced stages of industrialization, reflecting the adoption of increasingly more efficient technologies for production (Nakicenovic, 1996). Unfortunately, the rapid rate in the use of energy in developing countries does not match the amount of energy developed in these countries; energy development in developing countries is thus far lower compared to their level of economic development. Even though, development embodies a number of other factors (such as labor markets, financial institutions and provision of social infrastructure, sanitation, and communications) besides those associated with energy, it is hard to imagine overall economic development succeeding without energy development. In some parts of the world, environmental degradation from energy production and consumption presents pertinent challenges to sustainable energy development and overall sustainable development. Energy is therefore critical in order to achieve a sustainable economy and clean environment, and its importance cannot be...
Words: 7211 - Pages: 29
...CIA4U – Analyzing Current Economic Issues Comparative Systems Worksheet Instructions: The following chart will have you fill in geographic, social, political, and economic information on various countries. As you can imagine, each country represents a different type of economic system. Work in groups of 4 to complete this chart and once completed work as a group to answer the accompanying questions. The information can be found at the CIA World Factbook (https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html) |Indicators |Canada |United States |North Korea |Chad | |Geography | |Natural Resources – How many and what types of | |Coal, copper, lead, molybdenum, | | | |natural resources are available? | |phosphates, rare earth elements, | | | | | |uranium, bauxite, gold, iron, | | | | | |mercury, nickel, potash, silver, | ...
Words: 1575 - Pages: 7
...mentioned below). Any other form of reproduction, storage in a retrieval system or transmission by any means for commercial purposes, requires permission from the Unnayan Onneshan-The Innovators. For orders and request please contact: Unnayan Onneshan - The Innovators 16/2, Indira Road, Farmgate Dhaka-1215, Bangladesh Tell: + (880-2) 8158274, 9110636 Fax: + (880-2) 8159135 E-mail: info@unnayan.org Web: www.unnayan.org Bangladesh Economic Update, February 2012 2|P a g e Bangladesh Economic Update Vol. 3, No. 2, February 2012 Economic Policy Unit Unnayan Onneshan 1. INTRODUCTION The current issue of the Bangladesh Economic Update focuses on the magnitude, dynamics, sectoral distribution, and countrywise sources of FDI inflow in the country. The flow of foreign direct investment is of utmost importance in the current backdrop of overall slump in investment in the economy in recent days. If FDI falls, it will reduce investment, which in turn will shrink employment generation. These may lead to decline in consumption level and savings will face a downward trend. There would be, as a result, a contagious pressure on the GDP growth of Bangladesh. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is considered as one of the crucial ingredients for...
Words: 5140 - Pages: 21
...Forecast Model for Electricity Consumption in Malaysia. Abstract The purpose of this article is to compare and determine the most suitable technique for forecasting the Electricity Consumption Malaysia. The data was obtained from Statistical Department from January 2008 until December 2012. Five univariate modeling techniques were used include Naïve with Trend Model, Average Percent Change Model, Single Exponential Smoothing, Holt’s Method Model and Holt-winter’s. The data are divided into two parts which are model estimation (fitted) and model evaluation. The selection of the most suitable model was indicated by the smallest value of mean square error (MSE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE.) Based on the analysis, Holt’s Method Model is the most suitable model for forecasting electricity consumption since it has the smallest value of MSE and MAPE. Keywords: Univariate Modelling Techniques; Forecast Model; Mean Absolute Percentage Error; Mean Square Error. Introduction Electricity is one of the most important and used form of energy. Nowadays, electricity is essential for economic development especially for industrial sector. Malaysia, as a developing country, the important of electricity cannot be denied especially in industrial sector. Malaysia’s National electricity utility company (TNB) is the largest in the industry, serving over six million customers throughout the country. TNB is responsible for transmission and distribution of electricity. Transmission...
Words: 3732 - Pages: 15
...of total worldwide electricity usage and growing fast. It is widely used in European countries, and more recently in the US and Asia. Pie chart-------demonstrates the percentage of using WE in some countries such as A,C,G . It is clear that America and china occupy larger proportions than other countries. Map-------It strikingly shows the usage of WE by shades of colors. When people talk about WE, they usually think that WE could be translated into electricity. However, it also could be used to pump water. Therefore, I will first introduce the process of generating electricity to you then give simple demonstration of pumping water. This is a cartoon of wind turbine. We can easily demonstrate the process. 1.Wind turns the turbine blades 2. Movement of blades spins the shaft which generates electricity 3. An inverter converts electricity from DA to AC 4.Alternate current moves towards storage space or main power line. The easiest and commonly used wind electricity generation method is using wind turbines. What’s more, the wind can play an important role for the water supply and irrigation of agriculture land. In fact, underground water can be pumped by wind energy pumping system. 1. 2. Movement of blades spins the shaft which turns mechanical water pump. Water is extruded from pump into pipe. Five companies symbol relate to name Besides these, recommend EWEA. It starts in 1982. Nowadays, it has over 600 members, which are active in over 50 countries, making EWEA the world’s...
Words: 410 - Pages: 2
...RESEARCH BACKGROUND Globally, waste generation is on the rise with significant increases being recorded in developing countries, such as Jamaica. In Jamaica the average per capita waste generation increased from 0.74 kg/day in 2007 to 0.86 kg/day in 2009, ESSJ (2010), and is expected to continue in light of the government’s plans to achieve developed country status by 2030. The higher the per capita GDP of a country, the higher the quantity of waste produced, Stanners and Bordeau, (1995); European Environment Agency, (2000). The type of development path chosen will also influence the type and volumes of waste produced. Socioeconomic and demographic factors influence the type and quantity of waste being produced. These factors include population...
Words: 1201 - Pages: 5
...IELTS Writing Task 1 Simon Contents 1. Line graph 2 1.1. Tips for Line graph 2 1.2. Internet Users as percentage of population 3 1.3. Internatioal migration in UK 4 1.4. UK acid rain emission 5 1.5. Water consumption 6 1.6. Car ownership 7 2. Bar chart 8 2.1. Marriages and divorces 8 2.2. Levels of participation 9 2.3. Consumer good 11 2.4. House prices 12 3. Table 13 3.1. Tips for table 13 3.2. Rail networks 14 3.3. Poverty proportion in Australia 15 3.4. Daily activities 16 3.5. Goods consumer 17 4. Pie chart 18 4.1. Cam7, page 101 18 4.2. Diet 19 5. Map 20 5.1. Village of Chorleywood 20 5.2. Gallery 21 5.3. House design 22 5.4. 2 proposed supermarket 23 6. Process 24 6.1. Tips for process diagram 24 6.2. Forecast in Australia 25 6.3. Brick manufactuting 26 6.4. Water cycle 27 Line graph Tips for Line graph Line graphs always show changes over time. Here's some advice about how to describe them: * Try to write 4 paragraphs - introduction, summary of main points, 2 detail paragraphs. * For your summary paragraph, look at the "big picture" - what changes happened to all of the lines from the beginning to the end of the period shown (i.e. from the first year to the last). Is there a trend that all of the lines follow (e.g. an overall increase)? * You don't need to give numbers in your summary paragraph. Numbers are specific details. Just mention general things like 'overall...
Words: 5114 - Pages: 21
...The Rentier State of Kuwait Prepared for DR. Marta M. Trynza By Group # 10 Mohammed Mal-allah Mohammed Hussein Saleh Al-Rashaid Mohammed Al-Hayyan Abdulla Al-Oraifan 16th of July 2012 Abstract Kuwait is state country used to get its income through sea activities like Pearl diving and trading with other countries like India through Families of traders. These families have provided the necessary tools for the country to survive and providing products and service that. After the discovery of oil in 1930s, the country has enjoyed a new source of income that would make the government independent from taking taxes the private sector. Currently, the state is having great resources of funds that would provide an easy life for the citizen, since the price of oil went on increasing through the last century. Until recently, 2008-2009 the price of oil has declined and it was a warning that the state is actually depending on oil too much. This paper I will discuss the rentier state aspects in Kuwait and the process that under gone to become one. By describing the both Public and Private with the Kuwaiti society. And finally, suggestion to mitigate the effect of the rentier effect on the Country. 1. Introduction Rentier state is an economic term used prevailed in the20th century. Describing the states which are dependent on external income and revenues originated from the process of selling abundant resources or renting. In our case, we will talk about Kuwait and...
Words: 4440 - Pages: 18
...similar natural resources such as fish and availability of gas. The population of Qatar is about the double of Bahrain’s population. The per capita income of Qatar is higher by $72,300. Moreover the rate of saving as % of GDP is higher for Qatar by a difference of 31.2%. In addition, Bahrain’s& Qatar’s inflation rate equal by3.1%. Furthermore, they differ in their major industries but in contrast they have some similar major items of production such as petroleum etc. http://www.indexmundi.com/bahrain/economy_profile.html http://www.indexmundi.com/qatar/economy_profile.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bahrain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Qatar (2) a. GDP at Current Prices (Billions of U.S Dollars) Country | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | % of Growth in GDP at Current Prices | % of Annual Growth in GDP at...
Words: 3015 - Pages: 13
...As target 7.1 focuses on the accessibility of energy sources, it is measurable by monitoring the number of homes connected to the various power plants. Since the average number of people per home is known, as well as a current estimate of the world’s population, a percentage of the world’s population who has access to energy services can be determined. The affordability and reliability of these services is somewhat intrinsically included in this metric as more of the population would connect to these services were they of good value. The share of renewable energy to the global energy mix, as stated in target 7.2, is extremely measurable as a percentage of energy obtained from clean sources to the overall energy usage. The global rate of improvement...
Words: 877 - Pages: 4
...(theoretically 83,000 MW), only about 40 percent of the population of Nepal has access to electricity and this percentage even drops down in the remote areas. Since the rural energy demand is basically for lighting, Government of Nepal (GoN) has its dedicated energy policy to promote Renewable Energy Technologies (RETs) including Solar Home Systems (SHS) which follows the principles of Solar Photovoltaic Systems. Photovoltaic are best known as a method for generating electric power by using solar cells to convert energy from the sun into a flow of electrons. Solar cells produce direct current electricity from sun light, which can be used to power equipment or to recharge a battery. The first practical application of photovoltaic was to power orbiting satellites and other spacecraft, but today the majority of photovoltaic modules are used for grid connected power generation. Due to the growing demand for renewable energy sources, the manufacture of solar cells and photovoltaic arrays has advanced dramatically in recent years. Solar photovoltaic is growing rapidly from a small base to a total global capacity of 40 GW (40,000 MW) at the end of 2010. More than 100 countries use solar PV. Some 24 GW of solar was projected in November 2011 to be installed in that year, pushing up worldwide capacity to roughly 64 GW. Installations may be ground-mounted or built into the roof or walls of a building. Electricity and livelihood development is the two sides of a coin. It is certain that in course...
Words: 2183 - Pages: 9
...Analysis of Changing Roles of Bangladesh Bank: Industrialization perspective 1. Introduction The vision of the Bangladesh Bank is to develop continually as a forward looking central bank with competent and committed professionals of high ethical standards, conduct monetary management and financial sector supervision to maintain price stability and financial system robustness, support rapid broad based inclusive economic growth, employment generation and poverty eradication in Bangladesh. The mission is to formulate monetary and credit policies, manage currency issue and regulate payment system, manage foreign exchange reserves and regulate the foreign exchange market, regulate and supervise banks and financial institutions and advise the government on interactions and impacts of fiscal, monetary and other economic policies. Bangladesh Bank maintains an interest rate structure that provides fair return on financial assets, supports growth in the real sector and promotes development of markets in bond and securities. The central bank provides precise prudential regulatory, risk management and disclosure framework to protect solvency and liquidity of individual institutions and stability of the overall financial system, acting as lender of last resort if and when needed. The central bank maintains liquidity conditions and credit policies ensuring adequate credit flows at market driven flexible interest rates for all productive economic activities,...
Words: 8807 - Pages: 36
