...introduced with applications related to chemical and environmental engineering using modern software tools. Some background knowledge in analytical methods and numerical analysis from undergraduate modules will be beneficial. CN5020 Advanced Reaction Engineering Modular Credits: 4 Workload: 3-0-0-0-7 Prerequisite(s): Nil Preclusion(s): Nil Cross-listing(s): Nil The module aims to train the students in the fundamentals of reaction engineering and their application to the design and analysis of reactor. The concepts and theory in reaction kinetics are applied to reactor design of single phase reaction system. These are extended to multiphase reaction systems, incorporating the effects of physical rate processes and the interfacial equilibrium leading to the formulation of procedure for the design performance and stability analysis of reactors. This postgraduate module is targeted at students with interests in reaction systems. Background in chemical kinetics and transport phenomena will be beneficial. CN5030 Advanced Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics Modular Credits: 4 Workload: 3-0-0-3-4 Prerequisite(s): Physical chemistry and/or thermodynamics at undergraduate level...
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...CEM334: ELECTROCHEMISTRY Tutorial / Tutoriaal Summary of selected formulas from CEM334 electrochemistry. / Opsomming van geselekteerde formules van CEM334 elektrochemie Ecell = Ereduction potential of reduction halfreaction – Ereduction potential of oxidation halfreaction RT a (products) RT ln = E 0 (T ) − ln Q nF a (reactants) nF E (T ) = E 0 (T ) − ∆G = -nFEcell E 0 cell = RT ln K a nF ∂∆G ∂E ∆S = − = nF ∂T P ∂T P E − E1 ∆S = nF 2 T −T 1 P 2 E − E1 − E1 ∆H (T1 ) = ∆G + T1∆S = nF T1 2 T2 − T1 P ∂E ∆H = ∆G + T∆S = nF T − E ∂T P NOTE from above: R = gas constant, 8.314 J mol-1 K-1 F = Faraday constant, 96485 C ekw-1 ∂E ∆G = ∆H − T∆S = ∆H − nFT ∂T P YOU MUST KNOW THEM AND HOW TO USE THEM – NO FORMULA SHEET WILL BE PROVIDED IN TESTS OR EXAMS! / U MOET HULLE KEN EN KAN GEBRUIK. GEEN FORMULEBLAD WORD IN TOETSE OF EKSAMENS VOORSIEN NIE! 1 Selected problems on Electrochemistry 1) Nernst equation Determine the following cell potential of the cell at 25°C (298K): CuCu2+(2.00 M) Ag+(0.500 M) Ag From the table of standard electrode potentials at 25°C Cathode (Reduction) Half-Reaction Cu2+(aq) + 2e- -> Cu(s) Ag+(aq) + e- -> Ag(s) Standard Potential E° (volts) 0.337 0.7991 ANSWER: Cell reaction: Cu(s) + 2 Ag+(0.500 M) → Cu2+(2.00 M) + 2Ag(s) E0cell(298K) = E0reduction(298K) - E0oxidation(298K) = 0.799 V - 0.337 V = +0.46 V (standard cell potential)...
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...written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158-0012, (212) 850-6011, fax (212) 850-6008, E-Mail: PERMREQ@WILEY.COM. To order books or for customer service, call 1 (800)-CALL-WILEY (225-5945). Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data: Bard, Allen J. Electrochemical methods : fundamentals and applications / Allen J. Bard, Larry R. Faulkner.— 2nd ed. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-471-04372-9 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Electrochemistry. I. Faulkner, Larry R., 1944- II. Title. QD553.B37 2000 541.3'7_dc21 00-038210 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 PREFACE In the twenty...
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...N. Boyd, S.K.Bhattacharjee, Organic Chemistry, 7th Edition, Pearson Other Reading Sr No Jouranls atricles as compulsary readings (specific articles, Complete reference) 4 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-4601 5 http://www.springer.com/chemistry/electrochemistry/journal/10800 6 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13882481 7 http://www.springerlink.com/content/100224/ 8 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00108545 9 http://pubs.acs.org/journal/joceah 10 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00323861 Relevant Websites Sr. No. (Web adress) (only if relevant to the courses) 11 http://www.klte.hu/~lenteg/animate.html 12 http://dwb4.unl.edu/chemAnime/atomic_orbits.htm Salient Features Chemistry animation and videos Atomic orbital animations 13 http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/essentialchemistry/fla Hybridization animation sh/hybrv18.swf 1 Approved for Spring Session 2011-12 14 http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/animations/chang_7e VSEPR animation _esp/bom3s2_7.swf 15 http://jchemed.chem.wisc.edu/JCEDLib/WebWare/collection/o Molecular orbital theory animations pen/JCEWWOR019/momovies.html 16 http://dwb4.unl.edu/chemAnime/Electro.htm Electrochemistry animations 17 http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/essentialchemistry/fla Galvanic Cell animation sh/galvan5.swf 18...
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...SCH 4U Exam Review Unit 1 - Electrochemistry 1. If Ag+ (aq) + e- Ag (s) was chosen as the standard for half-cell potentials, what would be the half-cell potential for Ni2+ (aq) + 2e- Ni (s)? 2. 3Ca (s) + 2Al(NO3)3 (aq) 3Ca(NO3)2 (aq) + 2Al (s) a) Predict the voltage for an electrochemical cell based on the above reaction. Assume standard conditions. 3. Use the Eo values to determine if the following reaction is spontaneous or not: Mg2+ (aq) + Cu (s) Mg (s) + Cu2+ (aq) 4. balance the following reaction b) Zn (s) + NO3- (aq) Zn2+ (aq) + NH4+ (aq) (acidic) c) Cl2 (aq) Cl- (aq) + ClO3- (aq) (basic) d) MnO4-(aq) + Sn2+ (aq) Mn2+ (aq) + Sn4+ (aq) (acidic) e) I- (aq) + Cr2O72- (aq) I2 (s) Cr3+ (aq) (basic) 5. Draw a sketch of the following cell. Calculate the cell voltage: Zn (s) | Zn2+ || Ag+ | Ag (s) 6. Consider an electrochemical cell consisting of a nickel half-cell and a tin half-cell. f) Draw and fully label the above cell. g) Calculate the cell potential, assuming standard conditions. h) Calculate the cell potential if a zinc-copper cell was connected to this cell in series. 7. Explain, with the use of a diagram, how a copper can be plated onto a spoon in an electrolytic cell. 8. Consider an electrolytic cell that contains aqueous lithium bromide with carbon electrodes. i) Write the half-reaction that would occur at the cathode. j)...
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...CHEMISTRY CHEMISTRY (CLASSES XI–XII) Rationale Higher Secondary Stage is the most crucial stage of school education because at this stage specialised discipline based, content oriented courses are introduced. Students reach this stage after 10 years of general education and opt for Chemistry with a purpose of mostly for pursuing their career in basic sciences or professional courses like medicines, engineering, technology and studying courses in applied areas of science and technology at tertiary level. Therefore, at this stage, there is a need to provide learners with sufficient conceptual background of Chemistry, which will make them competent to meet the challenges of academic and professional courses after the higher secondary stage. National Curriculum Framework for School Education – 2005 recommends a disciplinary approach with appropriate rigour and depth with the care that syllabus is not heavy and at the same time it is comparable to the international level. It emphasizes a coherent focus on important ideas within the discipline that are properly sequenced to optimize learning. It recommends that theoretical component of Higher Secondary Science should emphasize on problem solving methods and the awareness of Syllabus for Secondary and Higher Secondary Levels 22 historical development of key concepts of science be judiciously integrated into content. The present exercise of syllabus development in Chemistry at Higher Secondary Stage is based on this framework...
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...PRINT - CHEMISTRY - Higher Secondary – Second Year Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 150 S.No 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. OBJECTIVES Atomic Structure Periodic Classification p-Block elements d-Block elements f-Block elements Co-ordination and Bio-coordination compounds - KNOWLEDGE E/LA SA VSA 1(3) UNDERSTANDING O E / L A SA VSA 1(1) 1(5) 1(3) 1(3) 1(1) - APPLICATION SKILL O E/LA SA VSA O TOTAL 10 09 O E/LA SA VSA 1(5) 1(3) - 1(1) - - 1(5) - - 1(5) 1(5) 1(5) - 1(1) 12 18 07 11 1(5) 1(3) - 1(3) 1(1) 1(1) 1(1) 1(1) 1(5) 1(1) - 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. Nuclear Chemistry Solid state Thermodynamics-II Chemical equilibrium-II Chemical Kinetics-II Surface Chemistry Electrochemistry-I Electrochemistry-II Isomerism in Organic Chemistry Hydroxy Derivatives Ethers Carbonyl Compounds Carboxylic Acids Organic Nitrogen Compounds Bio molecules Chemistry in Action Problems in Chemistry TOTAL 1(5) 1(5) - - 1(3) 1(3) 1(3) 1(3) 1(3) 1(3) - 1(1) 1(1) 1(5) - 1(5) 1(5) 1(5) - 1(3) - 1(1) 1(1) 1(5) - 1(5) 1(5) 1(5) 1(5) 1(3) - 1(1) 1(1) 1(1) - 1(5) - 1(5) - 1(3) 1(3) 1(3) - - 09 1(1) 09 10 1(1) 10 12 11 14 10 08 12 1(3) 1(1) 1(3) 1(3) 1(3) 2(1) 1(1) 1(5) 1(1) 1(1) 1(5) 1(5) 1(5) - 1(1) 1(5) - 1(1) 07 14 14 11 07 08 1(1) 1(5) 1(1) 1(1) - 1(1) 1(5) - 20 5 24 6 25 20 24 10 15 25 6 10 20 10 9 ...
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...CH 111: General Chemistry Dr. Ananda M The University of Dodoma, Tanzania Teaching Compendium on General Chemistry (CH 111) by Dr. AnandaMurthyM.Sc., M.Phil., Ph.D. Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, College of Natural &Mathematical Sciences, The University of Dodoma. UDOM- Study Material 2013-14 Page 1 CH 111: General Chemistry Dr. Ananda M Preface The importance of learning chemistry cannot be overemphasized. In this regard, all branches of chemistry contribute to the overall role that chemistry plays in daily life. The course content of CH 111 is designed to bridge the gap between the high school and the undergraduate chemistry, with respect to some fundamental topics in chemistry for first year chemistry students. This compendium will be helpful to the students, due to its relevance to the course content and will promote better understanding of the subject matter. It is intended to enable students to achieve the learning objectives and learning outcomes of CH 111 by being a quick reference to learners. The author of the compendium has presented the contents in a simplified manner by using various illustrations, including structures, tables, figures, and other relevant information to help the learner understand easily. This compendium will, to greater extent, help in understanding the basic concepts in chemistry. Dr. J.J. Makangara Senior Lecturer, Department of Chemistry, Former Dean, School of Physical Sciences, College...
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...Electrochemistry Electrochemistry is a branch of chemistry that studies chemical reactions which take place in a solution at the interface of an electron conductor (the electrode: a metal or a semiconductor) and an ionic conductor (the electrolyte). These reactions involve electron transfer between the electrode and the electrolyte or species in solution. If a chemical reaction is driven by an externally applied voltage, as in electrolysis, or if a voltage is created by a chemical reaction as in a battery, it is an electrochemical reaction. In contrast, chemical reactions where electrons are transferred between molecules are called oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions. In general, electrochemistry deals with situations where redox reactions are separated in space or time, connected by an external electric circuit. Principles Oxidation and reduction The term "redox" stands for reduction-oxidation. It refers to electrochemical processes involving electron transfer to or from a molecule or ion changing its oxidation state. This reaction can occur through the application of an external voltage or through the release of chemical energy. Oxidation and reduction describe the change of oxidation state that takes place in the atoms, ions or molecules involved in an electrochemical reaction. Formally, oxidation state is the hypothetical charge that an atom would have if all bonds to atoms of different elements were 100% ionic. An atom or ion that gives up an electron to another atom or...
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...Bulk Matter Thermodynamics Behaviour of Perfect Gas and Kinetic Theory Oscillations and Waves CLASS XII Electrostatics Current Electricity Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents Electromagnetic Waves Optics Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation Atoms and Nuclei Electronic Devices CHEMISTRY S.No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. CLASS XI Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry Structure of Atom Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure States of Matter: Gases and Liquids Thermodynamics Equilibrium Redox Reactions Hydrogen s-Block Element (Alkali and Alkaline earth metals) Some p-Block Elements Organic Chemistry- Some Basic Principles and Techniques Hydrocarbons Environmental Chemistry CLASS XII Solid State Solutions Electrochemistry Chemical Kinetics Surface Chemistry General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements p- Block Elements d and f Block Elements Coordination Compounds Haloalkanes and Haloarenes Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen Biomolecules Polymers...
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...an unknown solution using cyclic voltammetry and analyzing the current vs potential graphs Apparatus Required: Potentiostat and electrodes Nitrogen gas for mixing Test tubes Standard flask Reagents required: KNO3 solution 10mM K3Fe(CN)6 solution Theory: Cyclic Voltammetry: Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) is an electrochemical technique which measures the current that develops in an electrochemical cell under conditions where voltage is in excess of that predicted by the Nernst equation. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) is perhaps the most versatile electro-analytical technique for the study of electroactive species. Its versatility dined with ease of measurement has resulted in extensive use of CV in the fields of electrochemistry, inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry and biochemistry. Cyclic voltammetry is often the first experiment performed in an electrochemical study of a compound, biological material, or an electrode surface. The effectiveness of CV results from its capability for rapidly observing the redox behavior over a wide potential range. The resulting voltammogram is analogous to a conventional spectrum in that it conveys information as a function of an energy scan. Instrumentation: The main components of a Cyclic Voltammeter are the Reference electrode, Auxillary electrode, Working electrode and Potentiostat. The Potentiostat is an instrument that controls the potential of the working electrode with respect to the reference electrode while also...
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...Physical Chemistry Understanding our Chemical World Physical Chemistry Understanding our Chemical World Paul Monk Manchester Metropolitan University, UK Copyright 2004 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England Telephone (+44) 1243 779777 Email (for orders and customer service enquiries): cs-books@wiley.co.uk Visit our Home Page on www.wileyeurope.com or www.wiley.com All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP, UK, without the permission in writing of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England, or emailed to permreq@wiley.co.uk, or faxed to (+44) 1243 770620. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Other Wiley...
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...Chemistry -Study of the composition, structure, properties, and interactions of matter. -Central Science. BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY 1. Inorganic chemistry is the study of the chemical nature of the elements and their compounds (except hydrocarbons—compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen). Involves substance that do not contain carbon or substances from non-living things. 2. Organic Chemistry, branch of chemistry in which carbon compounds and their reactions are studied. A wide variety of classes of substances—such as drugs, vitamins, plastics, natural and synthetic fibers, as well as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats—consist of organic molecules. Study of all substance containing carbon in combination of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and other elements. 3. Analytical chemistry is the science of separating complex materials into simpler ones and detecting and measuring the constituents. 4. Physical chemistry is fundamental to all chemistry and deals with the application of physical laws to chemical systems and chemical change. Concerned with theories and experiments that describes the behaviour of chemicals. 5. Biochemistry is the chemistry of living organisms and life processes. Cell: Compound 1. Protein 2. Carbohydrates - sugar 3. Nucleic acid – DNA, RNA 4. Lipids – fats SCIENTIFIC METHOD * A logical approach to the solution of the problem. STEPS: 1. Identify the problem 2. Gathering Information 3. Formulate hypothesis 4. Experimentation...
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...1 1 Fundamentals of Semiconductor Electrochemistry and Photoelectrochemistry Krishnan Rajeshwar The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.4 1.4.1 1.4.2 1.4.3 1.5 1.5.1 1.5.2 1.5.3 1.5.4 1.5.5 1.6 1.7 1.7.1 1.7.2 1.7.3 1.7.4 1.7.5 Introduction and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electron Energy Levels in Semiconductors and Energy Band Model . The Semiconductor–Electrolyte Interface at Equilibrium . . . . . . . . The Equilibration Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Depletion Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mapping of the Semiconductor Band-edge Positions Relative to Solution Redox Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Surface States and Other Complications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Charge Transfer Processes in the Dark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Current-potential Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dark Processes Mediated by Surface States or by Space Charge Layer Recombination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rate-limiting Steps in Charge Transfer Processes in the Dark . . . . . Light Absorption by the Semiconductor Electrode and Carrier Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Light Absorption...
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...CHM 1101 Introductory Chemistry Dawn Fox Medeba Uzzi August, 2007 Compiled and edited by Medeba Uzzi Authors’ Note This document is an initiative by the authors in an attempt to deal with what they think may be one of the reasons contributing to the relatively high failure rate in the introductory Chemistry course (CHM 1101) at the University of Guyana. It was brought to our attention that many first year students taking CHM 1101 are unable to efficiently cope with the frenetic pace of the Semester system and even less able to deal comprehensively with the large content in CHM 1101. It is hoped that by providing this paper, students will not need to make lots of notes in lectures and so they can focus on grasping the concepts taught. The document is meant to be a guide to the topics covered in CHM 1101 and is by no means exhaustive. Students are still required to attend classes regularly and punctually and to engage meaningfully in lectures and tutorials. Further, supplemental reading of these topics in any good General Chemistry text is expected. Dawn Fox Medeba Uzzi 2 SECTION 1 – Modules A – D: section deals with the foundation for chemistry. It introduces students to matter & its classification, Atom & its structure, Periodic table and chemical rxns. Introduction to Science and Measurement What is Chemistry? – Chemistry is the study of matter and its transformations Natural sciences refer to the systematic study of the natural world (our...
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