...Human Sciences 4-9-2013 Education and Human Sciences, College of (CEHS) Predictors of Preschool Children's Peer Interactions: Temperament and Prosocial Behavior Ibrahim H. Acar University of Nebraska-Lincoln, ihacar@gmail.com Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cehsdiss Part of the Child Psychology Commons Acar, Ibrahim H., "Predictors of Preschool Children's Peer Interactions: Temperament and Prosocial Behavior" (2013). Open Access Theses and Dissertations from the College of Education and Human Sciences. Paper 170. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cehsdiss/170 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Education and Human Sciences, College of (CEHS) at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Theses and Dissertations from the College of Education and Human Sciences by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. PREDICTORS OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN’S PEER INTERACTIONS: TEMPERAMENT AND PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR by Ibrahim H. Acar A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science Major: Child, Youth, & Family Studies Under the Supervision of Professor Julia C. Torquati Lincoln, Nebraska April, 2013 PREDICTORS OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN’S PEER INTERACTIONS: TEMPERAMENT AND PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR Ibrahim H. Acar, M.S...
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...In general, playing is the mutual popular activity among children because playing is fun and flexible, it can be personal, with the presence of others or with the social presence of others (De Kort & Ijsselsteijn, 2008). The researchers and experts believe that the power of play has an important psychological role in children’s development, as reinforced by Sutton-Smith (1993, p. 279) using “play as progress” and “play ethos” by Peter Smith (1988, p. 166) both cited in Pellegrini (1995). Goldstein (2012) stated that pretend play is one of the common types of interactive social play among 2- to 6-years-old children. He also mentioned that as children grow, the nature and function of pretend play will also change from simple imitation to more...
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...tantrums when someone tells him what to do and will scream at the top of his lungs if he does not like something. He will be entering school soon and the school will not allow him in the class with this behavior. (Kidwell, Young, Hinkle, Ratliff, Marcum, & Martin, 2010). “assert that emotional competence play a key role in early childhood development that will have implications for their behavior in a school setting” (Kidwell, Young, Hinkle, Ratliff, Marcum, & Martin, 2010). For example, behaviors such as hyperactivity, oppositional behaviors are viewed as a breakdown in emotional skills development. The emotions underlying these behaviors according to Kidwell include: “(a) knowing one's own affective states, (b) understanding the emotions of others, (c) and being able to express feelings through vocabulary. Pre-school children may have an attachment to parents that prevent them from expressing themselve appropriately”(Kidwell,Young,Hinkle,Ratliff,Marcum,&Martin ,2010). Jimmy goes into fits and throws himself on the floor screaming and crying until his mom and dad give in to his demands. “The Behavior therapist approach includes a variety of techniques in the assessment of children including: “(a) conducting a functional behaviorist assessment, and (b) understand why the child is exhibiting the behavior” (Kidwell,Young,Hinkle,Ratliff,Marcum,&Martin,2010). The behavioral intervention plan is primarily focused on developing more appropriate behaviors, the following...
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...Procter, Gina Suntesic and Karen Weston. This has been an interesting and stimulating project for us all. The Early Childhood Education Research Team Victoria University December, 2009 Table of Contents Acknowledgements Introduction • Background • Purpose Methodology • Literature Review • Participants • Data Collection • Victorian Early Years Learning & Development Framework (Victorian Framework) • Outcomes • Indicators • Measures • Tables Outcomes & Indicators of a Positive Start to School • For Children • For Families • For Educators • Table 1: Outcomes & indicators of a positive start to school for children • Table 2: Outcomes & indicators of a positive start to school for families • Table 3: Outcomes & indicators of a positive start to school for educators Recommendations Further suggestions Appendices • Appendix A: Participant List • Appendix B: Measures • Appendix C: Literature review • Appendix D: Emotionality, Activity, Sociability (EAS) Temperament Survey for Children: Parent...
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...social and emotional growth by promoting positive relationships with their students and their families and by scaffolding a safe classroom learning environment by setting up predictable routines, clear rules, and effective limit setting. These are core teaching strategies that provide the foundation of the teaching pyramid described in Chapter One that supports early school age children’s learning growth and eventual academic achievement. Incredible Teachers: Nurturing Children's Social, Emotional, and Academic Competence. (Excerpt.) ©Carolyn Webster-Stratton 134 Incredible Teachers In this chapter we will discuss another foundational teaching tool; that is, scaffolding children’s learning interactions with peers and teachers with coaching methods that support their school readiness growth, academic success, and social emotional development. This coaching involves using descriptive comments to highlight specific learning skills such as persistence with learning something new, focused activity, cooperation, emotion regulation, and patience. This approach addresses the social, cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and academic elements of children’s school readiness. School readiness implies that students have made significant progress toward developmental milestones including a strong bond or attachment with their teachers, peers, and schools; a sense of self, autonomy and desire to explore; and the language and behaviors needed for social and emotional expression...
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...Infants grow and change as they progress into a preschooler, middle aged child and into adolescents. Physical growth, intellectual/cognitive growth, psychosocial changes, social development, moral development, and the personality all changes and evolves as the infant makes its way through these stages of life. During infancy, children attach to others. “Attachment, a strong, positive emotional bond that forms between an infant and one or more significant persons, is a crucial factor in enabling individuals to develop social relationships” (Feldman, 2014, p. 198).They normally form their initial primary relationship with their parents and other family members. “Research suggests an association between an infant’s attachment pattern and his or her social and emotional competence as an adult” (Feldman, 2014, p. 198). Through the process of “reciprocal socialization, in which infants’ behaviors invite further responses from parents and other caregivers,” infant’s social world starts to take form (Feldman, 2014, p. 188). Infants express their sociability, at first, in nonverbal ways. They smile, laugh, stare, and with age make vocalizations and imitate others. A mothers’ interactions with her baby is important for the babies’ social development. As mothers’ respond appropriately to their babies’ social cues, the infant’s attachment is strengthened. A father’s expression of positive emotions is also important to the infant’s social well-being. Personality includes those...
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...that are all devoted to the topic of parenting. Given all the new material out there about parenting some controversy has arose when it comes to the different parenting styles and how they affect children, their development, and even their education. While being a parent can be one of the most difficult jobs a person will ever have. It may be especially challenging when the child is in their adolescent years and the years they spend thorough out school. A preschool aged child’s social emotional development can be influenced in many ways; one of which being the early style in which their parent uses to raise them. (Dewar). A study examined the relationship between social emotional development of preschool aged children and four identified parenting styles. Parenting style has been found to predict child well-being in the areas of social competence, academic performance, psychosocial development, and behavior problems (Baumrind). Most parents want their children to become independent, productive and able to cope with the world. Since the 1950s, researchers have studied the effects of various influences in young people’s lives, including parenting (Long). There are many different ways of parenting children. Some are more favorable than others and some can even damage one’s emotional future, causing problems such as anxiety, unhappiness, and other low self-esteem issues (Baumrind). Every parent is different in his or her own way. Each one has one of four different parenting...
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...Behaviors That Challenge Children and Adults The Teaching Pyramid A Model for Supporting Social Competence and Preventing Challenging Behavior in Young Children Lise Fox, Glen Dunlap, Mary Louise Hemmeter, Gail E. Joseph, and Phillip S. Strain Lise Fox, Ph.D., is a research professor with Louis de la Parte Florida Mental Health Institute at the University of South Florida in Tampa. She conducts research and training and develops support programs focused on young children with challenging behavior. Glen Dunlap, Ph.D., is a professor of child and family studies and director of the Division of Applied Research and Educational Support at the Florida Mental Health Institute. Mary Louise Hemmeter, Ph.D., is an associate professor in the Department of Special Education at the University of Illinois in UrbanaChampaign and the principal investigator of a five-year project to enhance the capacity of Head Start and child care providers to address the social and emotional needs of young children. Gail E. Joseph, Ph.D., assistant research professor at the University of Colorado at Denver, has been engaged in several national projects focused on professionals working with children with challenging behaviors. Phillip S. Strain, Ph.D., professor in educational psychology at the University of Colorado at Denver, has designed comprehensive early intervention programs for children with autism or severe problem behaviors. Development of this article was supported...
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...My virtual child’s name is Lawson. He is a male with dark hair, dark eyes, and a light complexion. Looking at Lawson’s personality characteristics, behavioral patterns, and cognitive and social-emotional developmental patterns as an infant, he was very difficult to soothe when upset and was cautious and shy in new situations or with new people. It was rare for him to completely warm up to a new situation or person. He also had very strong emotional reactions and found difficulty soothing himself back down. As Lawson got older, however, some of these characteristics started to diminish. When he was 19 months old and had an assessment done at preschool, Lawson got along really well with the other children at school after he got warmed up to them. The early childhood specialist that observed him even stated that he was unusually cooperative for his age. He was, however, still shy and nervous around new adults at school. He also would occasionally get moody...
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...about the world -Provide emotional support -Facilitates the development of emotion understanding and emotion regulation -Are a training ground for communicating and interacting with others -Foster intellectual growth by increasing range in experiences Stages of Friendship (Damon and Hart 1988) Stage 1: (4-7) Basing friendship on others’ behaviors Stage 2: (8-10) Basing friendship on trust Stage 3: (11-15) Basing friendship on psychological closeness What role does popularity have in friendships? More popular children: -tend to form friendships with more popular individuals -have more friends and interact with greater number of children -tend to form cliques What personal characteristics lead to popularity? -Social competence: the collection of social skills that permit individuals to perform successfully in social settings -overall popular children are friendly, open and cooperative -Social problem-solving: the use of strategies for solving social conflicts in ways that are satisfactory both to oneself and to others. *Social problem- 1.Find and identify relevant social cues- 2.Interpret and evaluate the social cues- 3.determine possible problem-solving responses- 4.Evaluate responses and their probable consequences Social Problem-Solving Abilities Popular children: -better at interpreting others’ behavior accurately -possess a wider inventory of techniques for dealing with social problems Unpopular children –less effective at interpreting...
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...intervention is discontinued.1 —Urie Bronfenbrenner This brief is dedicated to Urie Bronfenbrenner (1917–2005) whose pioneering research influenced the work of Harvard Family Research Project. Introduction Family involvement matters for young children’s cognitive and social development. But what do effective involvement processes look like, and how do they occur? This research brief summarizes the latest evidence base on effective involvement—that is, the research studies that link family involvement in early childhood to outcomes and programs that have been evaluated to show what works. The conceptual framework guiding this research review is complementary learning. Harvard Family Research Project (HFRP) believes that for children and youth to be successful from birth through adolescence, there must be an array of learning supports around them. These learning supports include families, early childhood programs, schools, outof-school time programs and activities, higher education, health and social service agencies, businesses, libraries, museums, and other community-based institutions. HFRP calls this network of supports complementary learning. Complementary learning is characterized by discrete linkages that work together to encourage consistent...
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...Assessment in No Child Left Behind The Controversy over Standardized Testing and it’s Effects on Young Children Cynthia M. Kirchner Western Governors University Sherry Lawler HJT1 Task 1 #54425 Nature of the Controversy: No Child Left Behind (NCLB), Accountability and Standardized/High-Stakes Testing No Child Left Behind (NCLB): is the newest iteration of a decades-old education law, the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA). The original law provided funding to school districts to help low-income students. Today, NCLB holds Title I schools that receive this federal money accountable by requiring them to meet proficiency targets on annual assessments. Standardized or High-Stakes Testing: These are the tests that are administered by the individual states and consist of multiple choice and true/false questions. The tests are designed to evaluate students in the subject areas of mathematics and reading. These tests have been given to students in grades three through eight. The goal of the No Child Left Behind Act is that students will receive 100% proficiency level on these tests by 2014 Accountability: Accountability is the concept that each state set standards for the type and amount of information students know and learn. Children are tested yearly and the scores are reported to the government. Schools that need improvement are identified and they work over the next school year to raise the students’ test scores (Robertson, 2009) Nature of the Controversy: Accountability...
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...PLAY: It’s the way young children learn A special supplement to the Children’s Advocate, based on a policy brief from the Bay Area Early Childhood Funders (References at www.4children.org/play.htm) generation ago, kindergarten was supposed to get kids ready for school. But now everyone is talking about the importance of “school readiness” before kids get to kindergarten. That’s why many parents, anxious for their children to succeed in school, want early care and education programs to have children sit at tables using work sheets, drills, and flash cards to learn letters and numbers and even starting to read, add, and subtract. But preschoolers learn differently from school-age children: play is essential to early learning. Play is the main way children learn and develop ideas about the world. It helps them build the skills necessary for critical thinking and leadership. It’s how they learn to solve problems and to feel good about their ability to learn. Children learn the most from play when they have skilled teachers who are well-trained in understanding how play contributes to learning. Most child development experts agree that play is an essential part of a high-quality early learning program. Play is not a break from learning—it’s the way young children learn. A time following teachers’ instructions. Several studies have shown that children learn more from educational activities that support their own interests and ideas. Some researchers have found evidence that...
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...Communication Competence in the Workplace Communication is an essential piece of daily life; it is found everywhere you look in either verbal or nonverbal form. The workplace is no different, every person in every workplace uses some form of communication constantly throughout the day, it is important that each person is aware of the signals that are being sent out, verbally and nonverbally, to coworkers, superiors, clients, customers, etc. According to Donald Baack, “Communication may be defined as transmitting, receiving, and processing information. Information consists of any item that evokes or has meaning” (2012, Chap 1). It is important for employees in all organizations to have the ability to communicate effectively and to get the message across clearly, limiting the possibility of misunderstanding. Communication competency consists of knowledge or awareness of different communication elements, such as interpersonal communication skills and soft skills, management communication skills, communication barriers, and listening styles. The communication competence in a workplace is important at all levels of an organization and the higher the overall competence level the better the working environment. Interpersonal Communication Skills “Interpersonal communication takes place between individuals or one individual with a small set of other people” (Baack, 2012, Chap 1). Everyone has communicates daily with other people, some people are better at this communication...
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...A LITERATURE REVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF EARLY YEARS PROVISION ON YOUNG CHILDREN, WITH EMPHASIS GIVEN TO CHILDREN FROM DISADVANTAGED BACKGROUNDS Edward C. Melhuish Institute for the Study of Children, Families & Social Issues Birkbeck, University of London Prepared for the National Audit Office The views expressed in this paper are not necessarily those of the National Audit Office. Address of author Institute for the Study of Children, Families & Social Issues 7 Bedford Square London WC1B 3RA Email: e.melhuish@bbk.ac.uk Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 1. Introduction 1.1. The context of childcare research 1.2 Types of childcare and pre-school provision 1.3 Evidence on developmental effects 1.4 Structure of report 7 7 8 10 10 2. Childcare as intervention 2.1 Research methodology 2.2 Randomised Control Trials (RCTs) 2.2.1 Ypsilanti/High Scope/Perry Pre-school Study 2.2.2 Abecedarian Project 2.2.3 Project CARE 2.2.4 Milwaukee Project 2.2.5 Infant Health and Development Program (IHDP) 2.2.6 Early Head Start (EHS) 2.2.7 Hackney study Table 1: Summary of Randomised Control Trials of Interventions 2.3 Quasi-experimental Studies 2.3.1 Head Start 2.3.2 Chicago Child – Parent Center Program 2.3.3 Syracuse Study 2.3.4 Brookline Early Education Project 2.3.5 Diverse State-based programmes in the US 2.3.6 Meta-analyses and reviews Table 2: Summary of Quasi-experimental Evaluations of Interventions 2.3.7 Summary...
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