...Trading Agreements on Employer-Employee Relationships in the UAE The World Trade Organization (WTO) was established in Geneva, Switzerland on January 1, 1995. The organization was created through the Uruguay Round negotiations. The organization has a total of 159 member countries (Who We Are, 2014). The WTO is an “organization for trade opening. It is a forum for governments to negotiate trade agreements. It is a place for them to settle trade disputes. It operates a system of trade rules. Essentially, the WTO is a place where member governments try to sort out the trade problems they face with each other” (Who We Are, 2014). The “UAE is a member of the WTO since 10 April 1996” (UAE and the WTO, 2014). The membership of the UAE in the World Trade Organization has improved the trade relations of the country with various other countries. This in turn has affected the knowledge inflow from UAE’s trading partners. This is because those countries which have a favorable trading relationship with the UAE tend to have a large number of their workforce migrating to the UAE in search for work and business opportunities. For example, the positive trading relations between the UAE and India since the independence of the UAE in 1971 (Kader, 2013). This has led to an increased inflow of executives and workers to the UAE. Moreover, the country has also experienced a tremendous increase in foreign direct investment from Indian businessmen. Furthermore, this strong relationship between the two governments...
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...How do the theories proposed in your chosen reading inform your understanding of contemporary management functions and the employer-employee relationship? Bramel’s theories on the Hawthorne Studies help to inform my understanding of contemporary management functions and the employer-employee relationship by providing a critical analysis of the Hawthorne Studies, which were a major contributor in the development of management practices and the human relations movement. The Hawthorne Studies were a group of experiments undertaken in the 1920's and 1930's at Western Electrics Hawthorne Plant that provided new insights into individual and group behaviours. The study was lead be George Elton Mayo, he concluded that individual and group behaviour are closely related. Mayo concluded that social standards in the workplace were a greater factor in determining the production output of individuals then other factors such as money and environmental factors. The results of the Hawthorne studies are widely disputed due to mismanagement and corruption of some of the experiments. Bramel highlights the corrupted elements of the experiments, particularly the removal and replacement of participants mid experiment, and holds the studies in a negative light. Bramel is not the only one to cast doubt on the validity of the experiments however, there have been many opponents to the hawthorn studies’ findings over the years. Alex Carey was one of the most vocal opponents of the validity of the Hawthorne...
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...Organizational Behaviour Final report: “Relation between Employer and Employee” Preface WAPDA has formulated a comprehensive $25–33 billion National Water Resource and Hydropower Development Programme, entitled Water Vision 2025. The Water Vision 2025 projects are expected to generate 16,000 MW of hydroelectricity. Other goals are to prevent water shortages, limit drought and increase water storage for a growing population. Five massive hydropower projects have been announced by the President of Pakistan; these are to be completed by 2016, with a generation capacity of 9,500 MW. Two of the projects are ready for construction, while three are in the stages of feasibility studies and preparation of tender documents.This report analyzes in the detail, the effect of work stress on employees personal life Contents | Page No | Executive summary | 3 | History | 4 | Relationship between employees and management | 5 | How to improve the Employee & Employer Relationship | 5 | How to improve the Employee & Employer Relationship | 6 | How to use employee Relationship management | 8 | Employee benefit program | 10 | The changing employer-Employee Relationship | 11 | Analysis of Employee Questionnaire Response | 14 | Conclusion | 16 | Reference | 17 | Executive Summary WAPDA was established in February 1959 to unify the maintenance of infrastructure previously overseen by provincial agencies. In October 2007, thermal power management...
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...appropriate to consider the employment relationship as a contract, in the sense of voluntary between the two equal parties. Fox (1974:183) argues that it is inappropriate to consider the employment contract is equal and the employment relationship is merely a ‘brute facts of power’. With reference to Fox’s statement, this essay will discuss the nature of employment relationship, the influence of key institutions and their impact for employers and employees, and the three main perspectives at work. This essay will support Fox’s statement as inequality between the employers and employees is often an issue at the workplace. The basis of employment relationship is the relationship that exists between the employer and employee. The employment relationship is the context within which indicate interactions between employees, who may be unionised, and employers are conducted, both collectively and individually (Kelly, 1998). The employment contract is apparently central to the employment relationship. By the middle of the nineteenth century, with the development of Capitalism in Britain, based on the contractual relationship between an employer and employee, wage labour system had largely displaced traditional forms of work relations that are based on status. The role of the employment contract in the employment relationship is that it captures the way in which the employment relationship is an economic transaction, concerning the willingness of employee to offer their capacity to labour...
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...In 1987, IRS determined to issue the new rule related between employer and employee relationship. The rule was named Revenue Ruling 87 – 41 by IRS. Here are the 20 factors which guides to use to assess the likelihood as to whether an individual is an employee or an independent contractor. (1) Instructions. An employee must comply with instructions about when, where and how to work. The control factor is present if the employer has the right to require compliance with the instructions. (2) Training. An employee receives on-going training from, or at the direction of, the employer. Independent contractors use their own methods and receive no training from the purchasers of their services. (3) Integration. An employee’s services are integrated into the business operations because the services are important to the business. This shows that the worker is subject to direction and control of the employer. (4) Services rendered personally. If the services must be rendered personally, presumably the employer is interested in the methods used to accomplish the work as well as the end results. An employee often does not have the ability to assign their work to other employees, an independent contractor may assign the work to others. (5) Hiring, supervising and paying assistants. If an employer hires, supervises and pays assistants, the worker is generally categorized as an employee. An independent contractor hires, supervises and pays assistants under a contract that...
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...century the distinction between an employee and an independent contractor or self employed is difficult but an imperative one. An employee may be said to be an individual employed under a contract of employment and there is existence of employment relationship, while an independent contractor of self employed are persons entering a contact for service. For instance, if I require the services of a security guard from an outsourcing company, they security guard would be an employee of the outsourcing company and under a contract of service with the company. However I am at the option of hiring a fellow that is not employed to be my security guard, in this situation he is an independent contractor and he is providing a contract for service. Employment relationship exists between an employee and employer but not with independent contractor. The employer and the employee have certain relationship that is present between the employer and the independent contractor. The differences are as follows 2.0 EMPLOYMENT PROTECTION Termination of employment There are several ways by which contract of employment can be terminated by either the employee or employer which are. 2.1Termination by Notice Notice to terminate an employment contract can be given by both the employer and the employee provided the time is reasonable and the number of notice. (s.86) [ ] it also provides the minimum period of notice to be given by the employer to terminate the contact of employment...
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...Consensual Relationship Contract Leadership and Organizational Behavior-BUS 520 LaDonna Oliver Instuctor: Dr. Elizabeth Strayer University July 19, 2012 Abstract With employees spending more time together in the workplace, consensual relationships are becoming more common in the workplace. This workplace romance has caused major concerns for companies and their human resource professionals. This ongoing behavior has existed many decades and is becoming more prevalent in the workplace. According to a survey by Vault.com,47 percent of 1000 professionals survey had been involved in an office romance, and another 19 percent would consider it (Hellriegel, Slocum 2009) Michelle and Barack Obama, Bill and Melinda Gates, Olivia Chow and the late Jack Layton are a few of the many employees who met in the work place and later married. The workplace continues to be the foundation of which many healthy relationships are established, yet those relationships gone badly have resulted in consequence for the employee as well the employer, whereas costly and timely claims of sexual harassment cost employers millions of dollars. Scandals such as Charles Thomas/Anita Hill, Bill Clinton/Monica Lewinski, and Joe Patrino/Jessica Dorrell just to name a few have tainted the ethic culture of the workplace. In an effort to reduce romance in the workplace, an increasing numbers of employers are instituting consensual relationship agreements...
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...either observed or been involved in a romantic relationship at work. 1. The Problems with Employee Dating Even though romantic relationships in the workplace are common, employers have legitimate reasons for concern about employee dating. The biggest fear is a sexual harassment lawsuit arising from either: 1) a supervisor who has a habit of asking subordinates out on dates; 2) an employee who files a lawsuit after a consensual relationship goes sour; or 3) the perception of co-workers that a supervisor is playing favorites with his or her "significant other." Sexual harassment laws prohibit "unwelcome" sexual advances. Therefore, the participants in a truly "consensual" relationship cannot prove sexual harassment. The difficulty for the employer is proving that the relationship was consensual. Often, an employee will argue that he or she was an unwilling participant in a relationship that merely appeared to be consensual. Even a consensual relationship, if it goes sour, can result in unwelcome advances, stalking, or other predatory conduct. In a consensual relationship between a supervisor and a subordinate, the subordinate often is the recipient of preferential treatment. Employees have asserted claims for sexual harassment based on the theory that they can't receive the same benefits because they are not "sleeping with the boss." However, most courts have rejected this argument because such a consensual relationship disadvantages both male and female employees equally...
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...Business Employment Law Dr. Moore June 12, 2011 Employers that do not follow their disciplinary policies, and related procedures, may get sued for breach of contract or wrongful discharge. Courts have ruled that disciplinary policies can be contracts, even when employers include at-will statements in them, if the policies contain provisions promising that the employer will follow specific disciplinary procedures. So, in Dillon v. Champion Jogbra, Inc., the Vermont Supreme Court found the disclaimer printed in an employee manual was in conflict with the employer's elaborate discipline and discharge system, which the employer said would be carried out in a fair and consistent manner. The Court ruled that the employer was sending mixed messages to employees about their status. Accordingly, it allowed a terminated employee to pursue her breach of implied contract claim since the employer had apparently adhered to these procedures in almost all other cases. Thus, your disciplinary policy should include "at-will" language stating that the policy is only a guideline, that management reserves the right to exercise its discretion in implementing it, and that you retain the right to discharge employees immediately. This case highlights the care that employers should take with the design of employee handbooks. Even where a handbook contains a prominent disclaimer stating that it does not establish any contract rights, an employer must be careful with all of the handbook’s wording to...
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...development of ideological frameworks that legitimise the exercise of power. c. The social effects / consequences of the exercising of power. Explicitly, in relation to politics and power there are two basic kinds of sociological question that we need to explore: a. Who rules in society? b. How is their power created, legitimised and reproduced? In social terms, power, almost by definition, involves the rule by the few over the majority and we have to understand the political processes (both Structural and Interpersonal) whereby power is legitimated (the process whereby power ceases to be nakedly coercive and becomes power that is based upon authority. Question: How would you define the concept of power? (Try to think of an example of a relationship based upon power (for example, making your little brother / sister into your personal slave) and "work...
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...CONSENSUAL RELATIONSHIP AGREEMENT Consensual Relationship Agreement Professor John A. Mitchell Leadership and Organizational Behavior October 23, 2012 CONSENSUAL RELATIONSHIP AGREEMENT Consensual Relationship Agreement As the demands and the responsibilities in the workplace increase; so does the number of hours employees are now forced to spend together. It is reported that men and women spend forty percent of their week in the workplace. The workplace has become a natural breeding ground for relationships that extend outside of the workplace. According to the Vault.com,”47 percent of the 1000 professionals surveyed had been involved in an office romance, and another 19 percent would consider it.”(Hellriegel/Slocum, 2011, p.65). The concern with the conduct of employees involved in romantic relationships in the workplace is fairly common; however, the burden to protect the employee and the company rest on the shoulders of the employer. The biggest concern for an employer is the fear of a sexual harassment lawsuit. Sexual harassment laws prohibit "unwelcomed" sexual advances. Additionally it creates boundaries for workplace relationships, legally binds employees to conduct themselves in a professional manner, and helps to protect the employer and employees from legal assessments of sexual harassment claims. Explanation & Documentation Before an employer asks that a couple sign a "consensual relationship agreement," the employer should meet...
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...changes in the context of employee relations within UK organisations. The factors that have had the most significant influence on these changes are political, economic, social and technological of which I will be discussing to identify what particular influences these factors have had on employee relations over the last 25-30 years. To do this I first need to define the meaning of employee relations, which can be defined as according to Rose (2004):the study of the regulation of the employment relationship between employer and employee, both collectively and individually and the determination of substantive and procedural issues at industrial organisational and workplace levels. (Rose, 2004 p.8)There are a number of political factors that have had a significant influence on employee relations over the last 25-30 years such as the influence of the Conservative government from 1979-1997, which included a decline in trade unions, new acts and legislations put in place, and the emergence of the Labour government from 1997 to the present day which has also brought a number of changes to the employee relations context. The Conservative government has had a significant influence on employee relations in terms of changes to the legal framework of labour law. These changes involved the relationships between the employer and employee, the employer and the union and the relationship between the union and the membership. In regards to the employer and employee relationship the Conservative government...
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...outline of the key perspectives of the employment relationship that inform our understanding of HRM. Workshop Tutor: Andrew Burnett Table of content Introduction 3 How can HRM be understood? 4 What is employment relationship? 4 Elements of employment relationship 4 What is individual contract of employment and how it works? 5 Duties of employer and employees 6 What is psychological contract? 6 Socio-political dimension of the employment relationship 8 Conclusions 9 References 10 Introduction What will be covered in this essay? This essay will reflect on what is employment relationship in HRM. What is the purpose in applying of HRM practices, why it is so important to manage people, their performance and expectations. How we can “ensure that individual have the ability, motivation and opportunity to perform effectively” (Wilton, 2013). This course-work will look closer what is an employment relationship, how it affects individuals in the workplace and company in total. It will also cover the elements of employment relationship, terms and conditions that affect both employer and employee, what are duties both parties need to comply. It will be explained what is contract of employment and psychological contract and why it affect individual attitude. After that, the three key perspectives are outlined on employment that are unitarism, pluralism and radical(Marxist). Each approach to employment relationships is different in the ideology, who holds real...
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...essential part of positive employee relationship. It requires interaction & communication between employer & employee. Basically psychological contract is the`mutual beliefs, perceptions and informal obligations between an employer and employee (D.Rousseau,1989). It can be distinguished from the legal employment contract. It is the perception of both employee and employer, of what are their mutual obligations towards each others. It can be more influential than the formal written contract in affecting how employees behave from day to day, their motivations and their commitment to the organization. Levinson (1962), the father of the concept of psychological contract defined it as an unwritten contract. According to his concept psychological contract is the sum of the mutual expectations between the organization and employees. Psychological contracts are mental models or schemas that develop through an individual’s interactions and experiences (Levinson, 1962) The psychological contract is playing an increasingly important role in helping to define and understand contemporary employment relationship (Millward & Brewerton, 1999). The psychological contract tells employees what they are required to do in order to meet their side of the bargain and what they can expect from their job. It offers a valid and helpful framework of thinking about the employment relationship, especially against a background of a changing labour market and low unemployment where employers are being encouraged...
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...Report Employment Relationship Student’s name: SamuelBudhathoki(14244889) Raymond Bright (15683108) ZahidRizvi (15222831) Lecturer’s name: Christina Howe Date of submission: 2nd April 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.Introduction...............................................................................................................3 1.1 Employment relationship defined...............................................................................3 1.2 A brief history of industrial relations in Australia.......................................................3 2.0 Changes in workplace relations and employment relationship................................ 4 3.0 Casualisation and employment relationship.............................................................4 4.0 Technological change and employment relationship……………………………………………..5 5.0 Change in government policies and employment relationship………………………..……. 6 6.0 Change in trading hours and employment relationship…………………………………………..6 7.0 Union involvement and employment relationship………………………………………..………….7 7.1Example of union’s involvement……………………………………………………………….……………8 8.0 Equal Employment Opportunity and Employment Relationship……………….……….…..8 9.0 Psychological contract and employment relationships…………………………….……………9 10.0 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………………….……………9 References……………………………………………………………………………….…….…….……..11, 12 1.0 Introduction The Employment...
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