...When people talk about glands, what do they mean? The answer is many different things. Glands are important organs, you have a variety of them all over your body, and though many of them are small, each produces something important. Some glands make something that is released from the body — like saliva, sweat, or tears. And if you're a girl, the mammary glands in your breasts could someday make breast milk to feed a baby. Other glands release hormones (say: hor-mones), which are substances inside your body that tell it how to work and how to grow. Glands that do this are part of the endocrine (say: en-doh-krin) system. Puberty — body changes that turn a kid into an adult — depend on the endocrine system. Still other things that we call "glands" are part of your immune (say: ih-myoon) system. They release substances that help you fight off illnesses and, if you are sick, help you get better. When you have a bad cold and your neck glands are swollen, that is your immune system in action. Exocrine glands are a type of ductal glands that secrete their products (including digestive enzymes, and some hormone chemical messengers) into ducts that lead directly into the external environment. They are the counterparts to endocrine glands, which secrete their products (hormones) directly into the bloodstream (ductless glands) or release hormones (paracrines) that affect only target cells nearby the release site. The hypothalamus (from Greek ὑπό = under and θάλαμος = room, chamber)...
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...Hormones are the signaling and regulating molecules which coordinate and tight together many different cells of the entire organism, these hormones are secreted form either body tissues, such as pancreas and gonads, or glands such as hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal glands. The operation system of each hormone is different, for instance, insulin hormone is operating its function through receptors exists on muscle cells or, adipose tissues, by which insulin binds to. The action is then triggered by intercellular cascade influenced through this binding. Since erythropoietin work with some signaling molecules and other hormones in order to regulate normal erythropoiesis, imbalance or defect in some endocrine hormones might affect the process of hematopoiesis. For example, androgen, which mainly responsible for male...
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...Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism First let’s break these words down, so we may better understand them. Thyroid=thyroid gland, Ism=process;condition, hypo=deficient;below;under;lessthan normal, hyper=above;excessive. Hypothyroidism is a condition when there is a deficiency of thyroid hormones in the body. Hyper- thyroidism is characterized by excessive amounts of thyroid hormones in the body. These conditions are extremely difference cases. There are many signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism, such as brady- cardia- decreased heart rate, constipation, intolerance to cold, memory problems, coarse dry hair, slow speech movements, puffy face, loss of eyebrow hair and heavy menstrual periods. Medications like lithium carbonate, genetic, decreased level of iodine in the body, disturbances in pituitary gland, hypothalamus, and infections. These are mainly causes of hypothyroidism. Treatment for this condition includes thyroid hormones such as thyroxine; which is a T4 hormone of the thyroid gland. Hyperthyroidism is caused by any growth present in the thyroid gland. Thyroid glands can be affected by a disorder called Grave’s disease, which is a immunological disorder. A sign of hyperthyroidism is a classical feature of protruding eyeball. Hyperthyroidism can also lead to thyrotoxicosis-the over production of a hormone by the butterfly-shaped gland in the neck. There is a treatment for hyperthyroidism. Anti-thyroid drugs are used to decrease the production of...
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...Chemical Eric: Dealing with the Disintegration of Central Control by Eric Ribbens Department of Biological Sciences Western Illinois University Part I—At Fifteen... He was, his mother always said, the cutest little boy ever, and she had always adored him. So strong, so sturdy, confidently charging through life. At , he joined a Little League baseball team, and made the AllStar team in his first year. It wasn’t until quite some time later that she realized something was very wrong. Looking back, probably the first symptom appeared when he was . Promoted up to the next division in Little League, he mostly sat on the bench. His coordination was not as good, and he seemed to have lost his hustle. Of course, it was probably just that he was being expected to do too much, and it was easy to overlook. And he began to grow. Soon he began to notice girls, but after an initial girlfriend or two, he retreated. Too shy, probably. They moved, and moved again, and his grades slipped. He became more introverted. Troubled teen? Doing drugs? She found no evidence, but worried. And he grew. He turned , and he grew. He was getting close to six feet tall now, and was wearing size shoes. He was skinny, weighing only lbs. His right knee began to swell, and he developed mysterious ulcerated sores on his lower left leg that refused to heal. He began to complain often of feeling sick, and came home from school frequently. Never anything seriously wrong, but he just ...
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...result of hormones and genes. Heredity is the foundation upon which human behavior is built. Human behavior can be influenced by genes that are already present in the framework of the person. Genes are inherited when they are passed down from parent to child. The environment can cause our genes to change, or mutate. The way that heredity influences behavior over time may change and it may not always have an influence in the future. The endocrine system is a system of glands where each gland has a type of hormone that secretes directly into the bloodstream. Hormones are chemical substances released into the bloodstream through the endocrine glands and serve a similar function or purpose to the neurotransmitters. Hormones direct such processes as metabolism, growth, and sexual development, it also have numerous affects depending on gender. The nervous system and the endocrine system work together in a constant chemical dialog. The endocrine gland consists of Pineal gland, pituitary gland, parathyroid, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, and the gonads which consist of female ovaries, and male testes. Since hormones have clearly identified roles throughout the human lifetime, genes, on the other hand affect heredity are sensitive to the environment, and its role changes due to the environment. With that been said, heredity is not some sort of controlling factor or has a hold on the environment. In fact genes evolve or develop and sometimes change due to the environment...
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...Write a 350- to 700-word essay in which you compare and contrast the influence of heredity and hormones on human behavior. Include in your essay a discussion on the endocrine system, identification of hormones and the glands responsible for secreting them, and genetics, behavior genetics, and evolutionary psychology. Format the essay consistent with APA guidelines. When comparing and contrasting the influence of heredity and hormones on human behavior a person would make sure and thoroughly look through and see the different mechanisms that make our bodies function properly. The endocrine system is a very important part of our bodies “make-up”, and it works very closely to the nervous system. The two systems are in constant conversation together. The endocrine glands release hormones into the body’s bloodstream. Now, traveling through the bloodstream may be a very effective way for a nerve impulse to travel, but it seems that hormones can take seconds, even minutes to reach where they are supposed to go. When identifying hormones a person would see that there are a few different kinds of hormones like; thyroxin, which is produced in the endocrine gland located right below the voice box. This hormone is responsible for the regulation of the body’s rate of metabolism. This hormone is responsible for how alert and energetic a person can be, or if they are fat or thin. But as with anything too much of anything can be bad. A person with an overactive thyroid can cause a...
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...Foundations of Psychology Paper Geni Mayes PSY300 10/11/2013 Ashley Dolecki Foundations of Psychology Paper The five major schools of thought in psychology are psychoanalysis, behaviorism, humanistic psychology, Gestalt psychology, and cognitive psychology. However, there are many sub-categories to each of these basic schools each of them deals with all aspects from biological to environmental. The main different schools of psychology that vary both in attitude and in methods of working are these that consist of the Freudian, Jungian and Adlerian schools as well as Gestalts, behaviorist, and cognitive schools. Behaviorism is the term and school of thought from B. F. Skinner, who mainly focused on observable behavior. . His goal was of relating behavior to experimental conditions. Skinner had several theories in regard to operant conditioning. Skinner believed that learning is a function of overt behavior and changes in an individual’s behavior is a result of events that occur in the individual’s environment (Morris & Maisto, 2010). Psychoanalysis was invented by Sigmund Freud, who believed that the human mind was composed of three elements: the id, the ego, and the superego. This school of thought emphasizes the influence of the unconscious mind on behavior. Psychoanalysis delves into the innermost parts of the mind and reveals the causes of individual thoughts and behaviors. Freud researched repression, immorality of the subconscious, memory, par amnesia...
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...behavior. The heredity aspect of human behavior is so delicate and complex that is more difficult to understand or describe. Hormones approach on the influence of human behavior is not as subtle as heredity. Hormonal changes can cause physical changes especially in stages of adolescents for girls in boys. Hormones can cause changes in men and women. Hormonal changes can also cause certain behaviors to occur such as depression and aggression and a series of other things that can be responsible for causing psychological disorders. Hormones make it easier to measure the influences it has on behavior then heredity is. The endocrine system plays a major role on the secretion of hormones that have a complex role on psychological perspective of an individual and their behavior. The endocrine glands release hormones into the blood stream. The hormones released by the endocrine system activate behaviors like sleepiness, alertness, excitement, sexual behavior, aggressiveness, reaction to stress and accesses the ability to concentrate and even...
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...BIOS140 Week 7 iLab: Motor Systems and Endocrine System Complete the following Crossword Puzzle- Have Fun! (NOTE – there are 2 pages to this document) 1 P R O 2 G E S T E R O N E 3 P 4 S A R C O M E R E 5 I N S U L I N O T I L U G U N 7 O R E 8 P I N E P H R I N E A B R T M L O 9 G O N A D E E 10 E L R N N A Y T 11 C D C A 12 O X Y T O C I N 13 A D R E N A L I N E R I 14 P C 15 A P P E N D I C U L A R 16 T I H N E T 17 G O I T E R C N O N R D N 18 O S T E O P O R O S I S A N N 19 G I G A N T I S M Across Down 1 A hormone involved in promoting uterine lining growth 2 Produced in response to decreased blood sugar levels 4 A myofibril consisting of repeating units 3 Endocrine gland that is referred to as the “master gland” 5 Produced in response to increased blood sugar levels 4 Type of hormone that can bind to an intracellular receptor 7 A hormone involved in the “fight-or-flight” response 6 Fibrous tissue used to hold together bones at joints 9 Endocrine gland that produces sex hormones 8 Stimulates milk production 12 Stimulates contraction of uterus 10 The body’s natural painkiller ...
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...Maggie A. Balacua BOM25 Hormones secreted by the main Endocrine Glands: Endocrine Gland | Hormone(s) Secreted | Function(s) of Hormones | | | | (1) Hypothalamus | Part of the Brain: The Control and Relay Centre of the Endocrine System. | (2) Pituitary | Known as the "Master Gland", this part of the brain consists of three lobes called "anterior", "interior" and "posterior". | Posterior | * Oxytocin | * Stimulates utrine contraction and brest contraction for milk release. | Posterior | * Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH), also known as "vasopressin" | * Stimulates re-absorption of water from kidney tubules. * Hypo- causes Diabetes Insipidus (large amounts of urine produced). | Anterior | * Prolactin (PRL) | * Production of breast milk (works in men too). | Anterior | * Human Growth Hormone (HGH) | * Growth * Hypo- Dwarfism * Hyper- Gigantism | | * Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) | * Stimulates the thyroid to release thyroxin. | Anterior | * Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH) | * Stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce: Corticosteriods: * mineral corticoids * glucocorticoids * cortisol (natural anti-inflammatory) * androgens, e.g. acdosterone | Anterior | * Luteinizing Hormone (LH) | * Brings about ovulation and maintains the corpus luteum. | Anterior | * Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) | * Stimulates growth/development of Graafin follicles (= a mature follicle in...
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...how much heredity and genetics plays a role in a person’s behavior brings up the controversy of nature versus nurture. Scientists have attempted to identify specific genes that may be responsible for behaviors such as aggression, shyness, depression, anxiety and risk-taking. Studies involving twins have attempted to correlate genetics and behavior, though in those cases, the researchers were not looking for a particular gene, but for similarities within families (Morris and Maisto, 2005). Hormones; chemicals that are released from certain cells within the body and affected other parts of the body as part of the endocrine system, also play a role in a person’s behavior by determining mood. The endocrine system consists of glands such as the pituitary gland, the thyroid gland, the hypothalamus, the penal body, the adrenal glands and the ovaries and testes. The thyroid gland secretes Triodothyronine which is responsible for metabolic rates. If a person has a hyperthyroid condition in which too much of the hormone is secreted, the person can become over excited and agitated, thus, affecting behavior. The testes in males secrete the hormone testosterone which has been linked to behavior of aggression. Women also have small quantities of testosterone that fluctuate and at times when the levels are higher may exhibit ovaries more aggressive behaviors as well. Female ovaries secrete the hormone estrogen. As the levels of estrogen fluctuate each month, a female may at times feel depressed...
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...system and the endocrine system which influence the likelihood of certain behavior (Morris & Maisto, 2002). Nature vs. Nurture means that scientists think that people behave as they do according to genetic predispositions (nature). Other scientists believe that people behave or think a certain way because they were taught to be that way (nurture). Scientists believe that DNA plays a part in human behaviors, and this debate continues (Powell, 2010). The endocrine system is made up of endocrine glands that produce hormones. Hormones are also involved in regulating the emotional life. Hormones organize the nervous system and body tissues plus they have a dramatic effect on mood (Morris & Maisto, 2002). The endocrine glands are located throughout the body. Thyroid gland is located just below the voice box and it produces Thyroxin, which regulates the body’s metabolism rate. Too much or too little can affect how a person feels and behaves. The thyroid contains four tiny organs that control the calcium and phosphate within the body and can influence levels of excitability (Morris & Maisto, 2002). Melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland. Melatonin regulates the sleep-wake cycle. The pancreas is located between the stomach and the small intestines. The pancreas controls the sugar level in the body. It will secrete two hormones called insulin and glucagon. The pituitary gland is located on the underside of the brain. The pituitary gland is considered the...
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...Heredity and Hormones BEH 225 October 20, 20011 The endocrine system is a system of glands and each gland has a type of hormone that secretes directly into the bloodstream. It helps coordinate and integrate complex psychological reactions the endocrine system, it also works with the nervous system because together they are constantly transferring chemicals to each other. The endocrine system has five glands and they all produce hormones for different things, they produce hormones and they spread through the bloodstream. We have a thyroid gland that produces thyroxin, which is a primary hormone that helps regulate the body’s metabolism. We also have a pineal gland, which creates the hormone melatonin, and this hormone helps with sleep-wake cycles. The parathyroids are four tiny organs that control balance. The pancreas controls the level of sugar in the blood this is controlled by two hormones: insulin and glucagon. The gland that produces the most hormones is the pituitary gland the hormones controls high blood pressure, thirst, sexual behavior and other body functions. The pituitary gland is the master gland because it affects other glands. Our endocrine system has a gland that produces hormones and if the hormones are not produced correctly it affects the behavior with our body. Other things affect us on in human behavior. We have two things that influences or affects the heredity on human behavior, which are behavior genetics and evolutionary psychology. The difference...
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...Heredity and hormones can influence peoples behavior. Heredity is when traits are giving to the children from the parents. Scientists have tried to identify the genes that may cause such behaviors like, depression, shyness, anxiety and aggression. They have done studies involving twins to try and correlate genetics with behavior. The researchers in those cases weren’t looking for a particular gene but were looking to see if their were similarities within families. (Morris and Maisto,2005) Hormones are the chemicals that are released within the body and affect other parts such as the endocrine system. The also contribute to a persons behavior by determining their moods. The endocrine system consists of glands like the thyroid gland, the adrenal gland, the pituitary glands as well as the testes and ovaries. The function of the thyroid gland is to take iodine, which is found in many foods and convert it into thyroxine (T4) and Trrodothyronine (T3) which are thyroid hormones. Thyroids are the only cells that the body has that can absorb iodine. These cells combine iodine with and the amino acid tyrosine to make T3 and T4, which are then released into the blood stream and are transported throughout the body. Every cell in the body depends on the hormones produced by the thyroid to control the rate of their metabolism. When too much of these hormones are secreted the person is said to have a hyper-thyroid condition. This condition affects a persons behavior because it...
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...1) Endocrine System- the endocrine system is a collection of glands in an organism that releases hormones into the circulatory system which are carried toward the organs. The endocrine system has many parts it for example the pancreas. 2) Steroid Hormones-enhances the growth of organisms. An example of steroid hormones is aldosterone. Steroid Hormones is important to the article because it’s the main cause for the endocrine system disruption. 3) Androgen- a synthetic steroid hormone, an example is trenbolone, it is important to the article because is one of the hormones that reverts at night and it causes scientist to experiment with it. 4) Fecundity-ability to produce an abundance of offspring, an example is an organism that has lots of offspring, it describes the reduction of the fish and the skew....
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