...WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS. Nigeria has a population estimate of 170,507,539 million and is increasing with a rapid growth averaging 3.1% annually. It’s the 7th most populous country of the world with the land mass of 923,708km2, making her the world’s 32nd largest country. The geography varies greatly from tropical rainforest in the South to dry savannah in the North ,which is flat and sparsely vegetated. The country is blessed with mineral, physical, biological and energy resources. From the mangrove and rain forests of the south, through the various savannahs, and semi-arid ecosystems of the north, the nation is richly endowed. But what went wrong? The word ‘wildlife’ brings to mind ‘animals in the forest’. It is difficult to give a specific definition of the word. However, wildlife traditionally refers to non-domesticated animal species, but has come to include all plants, fungi and other organisms which grow or live wild in an area without being introduced by humans. The term ‘wildlife management’ on the other hand I will refer to mean preservation and conservation or maintenance of wildlife resources. Also it is the art of maintaining balance in the needs of wildlife and the needs of people using the best science. It includes game keeping, wildlife conservation and control, which aims to halt the loss in the earth’s biodiversity by taking into consideration ecological principles such as carrying capacity, disturbance and succession and environmental...
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...ENFORCEMENT IN NIGERIA Muhammed Tawfiq Ladan COUNTRY LEGISLATION 8/1 VOLUME LEAD Journal (Law, Environment and Development Journal) is a peer-reviewed academic publication based in New Delhi and London and jointly managed by the School of Law, School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) - University of London and the International Environmental Law Research Centre (IELRC). LEAD is published at www.lead-journal.org ISSN 1746-5893 The Managing Editor, LEAD Journal, c/o International Environmental Law Research Centre (IELRC), International Environment House II, 1F, 7 Chemin de Balexert, 1219 Châtelaine-Geneva, Switzerland, Tel/fax: + 41 (0)22 79 72 623, info@lead-journal.org Country Legislation REVIEW OF NESREA ACT 2007 AND REGULATIONS 2009-2011: A NEW DAWN IN ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMENT IN NIGERIA Muhammed Tawfiq Ladan This document can be cited as Muhammed Tawfiq Ladan, ‘Review of NESREA Act 2007 and Regulations 2009-2011: A New Dawn in Environmental Compliance and Enforcement in Nigeria’, 8/1 Law, Environment and Development Journal (2012), p. 116, available at http://www.lead-journal.org/content/12116.pdf Muhammed Tawfiq Ladan, Professor of Law, Department of Public Law, Faculty of Law, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, Email: mtladan@gmail.com Published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 License TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Introduction Brief Overview of the Development of Environmental Law in Nigeria Major Drawbacks...
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...European Union Nigerian Energy Support Programme (NESP) The Nigerian Energy Sector An Overview with a Special Emphasis on Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency and Rural Electrification 2nd Edition, June 2015 Implemented by 2 Acknowledgements This report on the Nigerian energy sector was compiled as part of the Nigerian Energy Support Programme (NESP). NESP is implemented by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH and funded by the European Union and the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). The authors would like to thank the GIZ Nigeria team for having entrusted this highly relevant subject to GOPA- International Energy Consultants GmbH, and for their extensive and dedicated inputs and guidance provided during implementation. The authors express their gratitude to all project partners who provided particularly valuable and interesting insights into ongoing activities during the course of the project. It was a real pleasure and a great help to exchange ideas and learn from highly experienced management and staff and committed representatives of this programme. How to Read Citations Bibliography is cited by [Author; Year]. Where no author could be identified, we used the name of the institution. The Bibliography is listed in Chapter 10. Websites (internet links) are cited with a consecutive numbering system [1], [2], etc. The Websites are listed in Chapter 11. 3 Imprint Published by: Deutsche Gesellschaft...
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...FACULTV OF AGRICULTURE B. AGRICULTURE 100 Level First Semester 1. Communication in English I 2. Logic Philosophy & Human Existence 3. Physical Chemistry 4. General Biology I (Botany/Zoology) 5. Practical Biology 6. General Physics 7. Mathematics 8. Organic Chemistry I 9. Practical Chemistry Sub-Total Second Semester 10. Communication in English II 11. Nigerian People and Culture 12. Social Sciences 13. Organic Chemistry 14. Biology II 15. Organic Chemistry II 16. Mathematics 17. Practical Physics 18. Use of Library Sub-Total 200 Credits 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 18 Credits Credits 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 17 Credits Level 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. First Semester Climatology and Biogeography General Agriculture Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals Crop Anatomy, Taxonomy and Physiology Principles of Soil Science Principles of Agricultural Economics Introduction to Forestry Resource Manag~ment Introduction to Biotechnology Sub-Total 8. 9. 10 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Second Semester Principles of Animal Production Principles of Crop Production Principles of Food Science and Technology Introductory Biochemistry Introduction to Computers Introduction to Fisheries & Wildlife Introductory Statistics Entrepreneurial Studies I Introduction to Home Economics Sub-Total Credits 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 18 Credits Credits 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 19 Credits Total = 37 Credits All courses are core-courses for Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry. 300 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8...
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...ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA: NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE CAUSALITY RELATIONSHIP AN ECONOMETRICS ASSIGNMENT SUBMITTED BY ------------------------------------------------- OLUWAFEMI JOSHUA IBRAHIM MATRIC NUMBER: 121937 LEVEL: 700 LECTURER IN-CHARGE: PROFESSOR E.O. OGUNKOLA November, 2010 1) STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Electricity plays a very important role in the socio-economic and technological development of every nation. It is widely accepted that there is a strong correlation between socio-economic development and the availability of electricity (Sambo, 2008). It is generally recognized that energy, including electricity, plays a significant role in economic development, not only because it enhances the productivity of capital , labour and other factors of production, but also that increased consumption, particularly commercial energy like electricity, signifies high economic status of a country(Aklas & Yilmaz, 2008). The relationship that exists between electricity consumption and economic growth has been of great interest to many researchers. The study of this relationship arises from the need to understand the complex links between these variables. Such understanding is basic to regulators and investors in deregulated electricity markets, in order to design a system that is reliable, efficient and growth-efficient. The empirical argument has been centered on whether economic growth responds to increase in electricity consumption, or whether...
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...CHALLENGES IN NORTHERN NIGERIA: THE WAY FORWARD A position paper submitted to Northern Delegates at the National Conference Abuja By Yusuf Abdullahi Rigasa (PhD) yusuf.rigasa@gmail.com An Associate Chief Lecturer at the Department of Environmental Science Kaduna Polytechnic, currently on secondment to National Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency, NOSDRA, Federal Ministry of Environment Abuja. 2014 Introduction Northern Nigeria was a British protectorate which lasted from 1900 until 1914 and covered the northern part of what is now Nigeria. The protectorate spanned 255,000 miles (410,000 km) and included the states of the Sokoto Caliphate and the Kano emirate and parts of the former Bornu Empire, conquered in 1902. The protectorate was ended in 1914, when it was unified with Southern Nigerian Protectorate and Lagos Colony, to become Northern Province of the colony and protectorate of Nigeria or the Northern region. The Northern Region was one of Nigeria's federating units. It was created before independence in 1960, with its capital at Kaduna. In 1962, it acquired the territory of the British Northern Cameroons, who voted to become part of Nigeria. In 1967 the region was split into states - Benue-Plateau State, Kano State, Kwara State, North-Central State, North-Eastern State and North-Western State. Currently, the region comprises of 19 states and Federal Capital Territory Abuja. The climatic conditions in the northern part of Nigeria exhibit only two different...
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...TITLE PAGE CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS EFFECTS IN SOUTH-SOUTH PART OF NIGERIA DEDICATION This term paper is dedicated to Almighty God, for His divine love, inspirations and care over the years. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My acknowledgement goes to my parents for their financial provision towards my academic and to my lecturer for his high level of punctuality and commitment to lectures. PREFACE This term paper is about the effects of climate change in South-South part of Nigeria. It has four chapters .Chapters one is about the introduction and definition of terms. Chapter two discusses Climate change and Environmental issues in South-South Nigeria, environmental degradation and Changes resulting from climate change, Socio-Economic Consequences of Climate Change in South-South Nigeria and Landslides as a consequence of climate change in south-South Nigeria. Chapter three narrates Erosion as a consequence of climate change in south-South Nigeria, Water Scarcity, Activities of Farmers that Contribute to Climate Change, and Patterns of Climate Change impact on agriculture. Chapter four is the summary and conclusion of the topic. TABLE OF CONTENTS Title page - - - - - - - - - - -i Dedication - - - - - - - - - - -ii Acknowledgement - - - - - - - - - -iii Preface - - - - - - - - - - - iv Table of contents - - - - - - - - - -v CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction - - - - - - - - - - 1.1 Definition of Terms - - - - - - - - - CHAPTER TWO 2.1 Dealing with Climate Change in South-South Zone - - - - - 2...
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...Ethics University Name PART A Question 1 The Three Gorges dam project in China is a venture of monumental magnitude. Its impact is global, regional and local. The Hydro Electric Power project when completed can generate over 22 500 MW of electricity. That is a clean source of power as opposed to the traditional coal that emits huge amounts of carbon into the atmosphere. The proponents of the project said it would lead to better health and higher living standards. Excessive carbon in the atmosphere has been the cause of global warming. That implies that the residents, some of whom do not have access to electric power will have it in their homes. Electricity implies greater comfort and leisure such as TV and better studying for the students. The long-term benefit is better academic performance and therefore a better life. The fast-growing Chinese economy is another major beneficiary from the project. It will be able to supply cheap electricity to the industries and so increase their output. The improved capacity enables them to meet the needs of the fast-increasing number of the middle class of the population. Additionally, there is the prestige that comes with the title of the biggest Hydro Electric power project on earth. That would bring tourists to view the wonderful scene of the dam and an artificial lake. The reservoir lake would create an inland water way that got into Chongqing. The economy of the area would benefit greatly (Tan, 2007). The project has faced criticism...
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...countries. © *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. Recycled Supporting responsible use of forest resources 0509/SPF/LAI/AP/7.5K Please Recycle To view or download the Intel 2008 Corporate Responsibility Report, visit L E T T E R F R O M O U R C E O www.intel.com/go/responsibility Throughout our 40-year history, Intel has pushed the boundaries of innovation, creating products that have fundamentally changed the way people live and work. But what we make possible goes well beyond our product roadmap. By working with others, we are finding opportunities to apply our technology and expertise to help tackle some of the world’s greatest challenges—from climate change and water conservation to education quality and the digital divide. Our commitment to corporate responsibility is unwavering, even during economic downturns. Taking a proactive, integrated approach to managing our impact on local communities and the environment not only benefits people and our planet, but is good for our business. Making corporate responsibility an integral part of Intel’s strategy helps us...
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...Topic: Agriculture Personal notes Outline: * Land Reform & Econ Dev * Explaining the poor performance of African Agric * Assessing the Impact of Agric Policy Reforms * Exploiting the synergy between price and non-price factors 1. Land Reform * Means alot: redistribution/reclamation/reforestation & policies affecting land * For us – narrow focus. SO: redistrib of prop /land rights for benefit of landless / tenants and farm labourers * Agrarian refors – embraces improvement in tenure and agric organisation Property rights: * Establishment or PR system is nb public good * Large info on benefits from public invest in securing and maintaining prop rights to land: in Afr is one of most nb assets Land Tenure: * Must change if agric g and improvement is to happen * Set of rights to det who owns land and who has rights to use and how it be used * Issues: marriage, inheritance, sale, mortgage, size of farming, operation, water, pasture, and tenancy * Types: Communal, Pvt/Freehold, State * Communal most popular Issues in communal land system: * Use and conservation given degradation, agroforestry, cultivation * Security of tenure & investment – what you control determines level of your investment into land * Exclusivity of tenure – if not exclusive use, and you cant control mgt of – not invest * Land as asset for credit – if not own/control, not get finance * Fragmentation/Subdivision...
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...for native plant species to colonize. ___ _ III. URBAN HEAT ISLANDS “Urban heat islands are highly built-up areas that are generally warmer than surrounding rural or suburban areas, due to the absorption of solar radiation by buildings and other man-made surfaces, and the lack of natural cooling from vegetation. (GSA report 2011). According to this report, Heat island effect contributes to a high dependency on artificial cooling which increases energy consumption, and also increases heat related illnesses, increased pollution. Green roofs don’t absorb as much sunlight as black roofs, and provides a shade for buildings from direct sunlight. As a result, the building interior tends to be cooler. Green roofs also serve as insulation from excessive heat loss from the building interior in the winter so it is simultaneously beneficial all year round. This reduces the amount of dependency on artificial heating and cooling of building interiors. IV. ENERGY CONSERVATION According to the GSA report (2011), green roofs reduce the amount of energy required to cool a building interior through evapotranspiration. V. URBAN AGRICULTURE The GSA report states that urban agricultural development may be enhanced through green roof technologies and soon may also improve the real estate value of buildings. Other advantages of green roofs stated by the GSA report (2011) include: Acoustics Air Quality Aesthetics and Quality Of Life Job Generation and Economic Development Roof longevity ___ _ DISADVANTAGES...
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... Table of Contents Introduction 3 The Oil Industry in Nigeria 3 Oil industry and the Nigerian Economy 5 Social and Environmental Impact 6 Strategy in the Nigerian Oil Industry 8 Managing External and Internal Forces 8 Assumptions 9 Key Strategic Activities 10 1. Timely Funding of the Joint Venture Cash Calls 10 2. Operational Efficiency 11 3. Cost Reduction and Leadership 11 4. Capacity Building 13 5. Facility Integrity and Innovation 14 6. Sustainable Development 14 7. Gas Utilisation 16 8. Security 16 Strategic Fit and Sustainability 17 Strategic planning and management system 17 Balanced Score Card 17 References 18 Introduction This paper considers Strategic management in the oil industry to deliver value and economic development in an economy very much dependent on crude oil revenue and with a fluctuating local currency rate against the US Dollar coupled with a volatile political climate with attendant security concerns. The industry, economy and political environment in focus here are those of Nigeria, a developing West African country. Within the context and space constraints of the Nigerian economic, political and social climate, an oil company must carefully define and manage its Corporate Strategy such that the overall purpose and scope of the business will meet stakeholder expectations and align with government policies and aspirations. Such strategic management will help determine the long...
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...Science Daily Using Less Water to Grow More Potatoes ScienceDaily (Sep. 1, 2011) — Research conducted in part at the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has confirmed that in some production systems, planting potatoes in flat beds can increase irrigation water use efficiency. Agricultural Research Service (ARS) agricultural engineer Bradley King, who works at the ARS Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory in Kimberly, Idaho, was one of the scientists who led these studies. ARS is USDA's chief intramural scientific research agency, and this research supports the USDA commitment to enhancing sustainable agriculture. When potato production started in Idaho more than 100 years ago, farmers seeded their crops in ridged rows and watered their plants by channeling surface irrigation to flow through the furrows between the rows. Even though most commercial potato producers in the Pacific Northwest now irrigate their crops with sprinklers, they still typically use ridged-row planting systems. But this planting configuration allows irrigation runoff to collect in the furrow and percolate below the crop root zone. This means that the water is unavailable to the crops, and can also lead to increased nitrate leaching from the soil. King and his partners conducted a series of studies on planting potatoes in flat beds instead of ridged rows. One two-year study compared ridge-row planting systems, a 5-row planting configuration on a raised bed where the plant rows were 26...
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...diehli (Matschie, 1904), a subspecies of the western gorilla, Gorilla gorilla, is found in contiguous forest patches bordering South-Southern Nigeria and South-Western Cameroon, an area recognized as a biodiversity hotspot characterized by species diversity and endemism (Edet, 2011). The subspecies is one of the most critically endangered primates of Africa (Oates et al., 2008; IUCN, 2013). The subspecies is also one of the world’s 25 most endangered primates (Mittermeier et al., 2009). As humans extend their land use, Cross River gorilla habitat is rapidly disappearing, and this may have adverse effects on number of individuals within the subspecies. The Cross River gorilla, Gorilla gorilla diehli, chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes vellorosus) and drill (Mandrillus leucophaeus), though legally protected by the Endangered Species Decree 11 of 1985, are some of the primates hunted for bushmeat and other purposes (Edet, 2011). The Major threat to the survival of the subspecies is lack of thorough conservation strategy necessary for its protection. The survival of this endangered species and ecosystems depends on long-term participation and understanding of local populations (Oates, 1999). Due to the close relationship between cultural diversity and biodiversity, traditional knowledge systems play an important role when developing species conservation and management strategies (Caldecott et al., 2005; Hens, 2006). For example, the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (UNCBD)...
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...Introduction 3 Background of Shell Global 3 Evaluation of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats at Shell 4 Strengths 4 Brand image and market leadership 4 Strategic business model 4 Environmental and social responsibility 5 Technology and innovativeness 6 Weaknesses 7 Decline in hydrocarbon production 7 Misconduct leading to legal intervention 7 Opportunities 7 Investments and acquisitions 7 Increasing demand for liquefied gas 8 Threats 9 Changes in laws and regulations 9 Hostile operating environments and political instability 9 Competitive forces 9 Fluctuation in financial market conditions 10 Conclusion 11 References 12 Introduction The oil industry is one of the most lucrative industries globally, with demand in energy expected to rise with about 1.5% annually, up to a point of 60% in the year 2030. The increase in demand will due by rise in incomes in low and medium economies and increase in world wide oil reserves, (Finley, 2012). The industry impacts all and sundry with products such as fuels for transportation, heating, electricity, lubricants, propane, and clothing amongst others. The industry impact both global security and politics, (Inkpen & Moffet, 2011). In addition to the financial benefits derived from this industry, the industry further benefits economies in terms of employment to individuals across the globe. In the US alone, the Oil and Gas industry contributed either directly and indirectly to about 7.8 million full time and part time...
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