...Environment” to learn what HP is doing to reduce its environmental footprint. Faced with the stark realities of global warming and rising energy costs, government agencies and private firms worldwide are examining ways to protect the environment. To address what is increasingly being perceived as a crisis, there is a growing global movement to implement more environmentally friendly computing “Green computing” is the name attached to this movement, which represents an environmentally responsible way to reduce power and environmental waste. Toward this goal, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Energy Star program has developed compliance requirements for computer equipment. The U.S. House of Representatives Resolution 5646, passed in July 2006, calls for the EPA’s Energy Star program to research: •The amount of power consumed by corporate and federal data centers •Industry measures to develop energy-efficient servers •Possible incentives to convince businesses to use energy-saving technologies In Europe, government agencies have set up a number of environmental regulations addressing waste management, recycling, disposal of certain types of waste, industrial emissions and pollution control. The European Union is also setting up a system that encourages business to voluntarily develop their own environmental standards and practices. Energy Star estimates that activating power management can result in cost savings of as much as $100 per computer, a significant figure when multiplied...
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... Introduction This introduction presents a context for this dissertation and helps clarify to the reader how fulfillment of the research aims and objectives will make a contribution to management of the campus. The discussion starts off with a background and purpose of the research project, and then it explains the research focus and gives a brief overview of the project‘s approach towards a literature research. History of Green computing In 1992, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency launched Energy Star, a voluntary labeling program which is designed to promote and recognize energy-efficiency in monitors, climate control equipment, and other technologies. This resulted in the widespread adoption of sleep mode among consumer electronics. The term "green computing" was probably coined shortly after the Energy Star program began; For a PC disposal, it is necessary to know everything there is to know in order to be involved in green computing. Basically, the whole green aspect came about quite a few years back when the news that the environment was not a renewable resource really hit home and people started realizing that they had to do their part to protect the environment. Basically, the efficient use of computers and computing is what green computing is all about. The triple bottom line is what is important when it comes to anything green and the same goes for green computing. This considers...
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...monitors, printers, storage devices, and networking and communications systems—efficiently and effectively with minimal or no impact on the environment.” Green computing is the environmentally responsible use of computers and related resources. Such practices include the implementation of energy-efficient central processing units (CPUs), servers and peripherals as well as reduced resource consumption and proper disposal of electronic waste (e-waste). GREEN computing is the environmentally responsible use of computers and related resources. Such included the implementation of energy-efficient central processing units as well as reduced resource consumption and proper disposal of electronic waste. Modern IT systems rely upon a complicated mix of people, networks and hardware; therefore GREEN computing initiative must be systemic in nature. GREEN computing may comprise items such as management restructuring, energy use, virtualization of server resources, and return on investment. The term “GREEN computing” was coined shortly after the Energy Star program. The Energy Star program was launched by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 1992. It was designed to promote and recognize energy-efficiency in monitors, climate control equipment, and other technologies. It resulted in the widespread of sleep mode in consumer electronics. Who are some of the leaders of the green computing movement? Which...
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...communications systems — efficiently and effectively with minimal or no impact on the environment."[1] The goals of green computing are similar to green chemistry; reduce the use of hazardous materials, maximize energy efficiency during the product's lifetime, and promote the recyclability or biodegradability of defunct products and factory waste. Many corporate IT department have Green Computing initiatives to reduce the environmental impacts of their IT operations.[2] Research continues into key areas such as making the use of computers as energy-efficient as possible, and designing algorithms and systems for efficiency-related computer technologies. Origins In 1992, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency launched Energy Star, a voluntary labeling program that is designed to promote and recognize energy-efficiency in monitors, climate control equipment, and other technologies. This resulted in the widespread adoption of sleep mode among consumer electronics. Concurrently, the Swedish organization TCO Development launched the TCO Certification program to promote low magnetic and electrical emissions from CRT-based computer displays; this program was later expanded to include criteria on energy consumption, ergonomics, and the use of hazardous materials in construction.[3] Energy Star logo Regulations and industry initiatives The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has published a survey...
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...monitors, printers, storage devices, and networking and communications systems—efficiently and effectively with minimal or no impact on the environment.” Green computing is the environmentally responsible use of computers and related resources. Such practices include the implementation of energy-efficient central processing units (CPUs), servers and peripherals as well as reduced resource consumption and proper disposal of electronic waste (e-waste). GREEN computing is the environmentally responsible use of computers and related resources. Such included the implementation of energy-efficient central processing units as well as reduced resource consumption and proper disposal of electronic waste. Modern IT systems rely upon a complicated mix of people, networks and hardware; therefore GREEN computing initiative must be systemic in nature. GREEN computing may comprise items such as management restructuring, energy use, virtualization of server resources, and return on investment. The term “GREEN computing” was coined shortly after the Energy Star program. The Energy Star program was launched by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 1992. It was designed to promote and recognize energy-efficiency in monitors, climate control equipment, and other technologies. It resulted in the widespread of sleep mode in consumer electronics. Who are some of the leaders of the green computing movement? Which corporations are leading the way? Which...
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...1. How would you define green computing? Green computing is the environmentally responsible use of computers and related resources. Such practices include the implementation of energy-efficient central processing units (CPUs), servers and peripherals as well as reduced resource consumption and proper disposal of electronic waste (e-waste). One of the earliest initiatives toward green computing in the United States was the voluntary labeling program known as Energy Star. It was conceived by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1992 to promote energy efficiency in hardware of all kinds. The Energy Star label became a common sight, especially in notebook computer and displays. Similar programs have been adopted in Europe and Asia. 2. Who are some of the leaders of the green computing movement? One of the spin-offs of green computing is EPEAT or Electronic Products Environmental Assessment Tool. EPEAT products serve to increase the efficiency and life of computing products. Moreover, these products are designed to minimize energy expenditures, minimize maintenance activities throughout the life of the product and allow the re-use or recycling of some materials. This group applies and uses green computing philosophies mainly to save up on costs rather than save the environment. This green computing concept emerged naturally as businesses find themselves under pressure to maximize resources in order to compete effectively in the market. This movement arose mainly...
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...with minimal or no impact on the environment."[1] The goals of green computing are similar to green chemistry: reduce the use of hazardous materials, maximize energy efficiency during the product's lifetime, and promote the recyclability or biodegradability of defunct products and factory waste. Many corporate IT departments have green computing initiatives to reduce the environmental impact of their IT operations.[2] Green ICT and its services present opportunities to deliver low carbon footprints and mitigate carbon emissions because of the unique ability to make energy consumption and green house gas emissions visible through its products and services.[3] Definition - What does Green Computing mean? Green computing is the environmentally responsible and eco-friendly use of computers and their resources. In broader terms, it is also defined as the study of designing, manufacturing/engineering, using and disposing of computing devices in a way that reduces their environmental impact. Many IT manufacturers and vendors are continuously investing in designing energy efficient computing devices, reducing the use of dangerous materials and encouraging the recyclability of digital devices and paper. Green computing practices came into being in 1992, when the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) launched the Energy Star program. Green computing is also known as green information technology (green IT). Techopedia explains Green...
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...learning, except where due acknowledgment has been made in the text. 原创性声明 兹呈交的论文，是本人在导师指导下独立完成的研究成果，在论文写作过程中参考的其他个人或集体的研究成果均在文中以明确方式标明，本人依法享有和承担由此论文而产生的权利和责任。 Signature(签名): ________________ Date（时间）: ________________ Table of Contents 1. Introduction 4 1.1 Background 4 1.2 Goal of your Green ICT Plan 4 2. Action Taken 5 2.1 Methodologies of Investigation 5 2.2 Assistance from Other Departments 6 3. Findings 6 3.1 Findings through Investigation 6 3.2 Findings through Coordination 7 4. Conclusion 8 4.1 Analysis on Findings 8 4.2 Green ICT solutions 8 5. Recommendations 10 Reference 11 1. Terms of Reference 1.1 Background With the gradually development of economy, more attention has been paid to energy conservation and environmental protection in the contemporary society. “Many corporate IT departments have green computing initiatives to reduce the environmental impact of their IT operations.” (Curry, 2012) Our company ought to keep up with the pace of the era and even lead the trend in the relevant industries by means of Green ICT so that we can obtain more profits than any other education institution. Green ICT is the study and practice of environmentally sustainable computing or IT. San Murugesan notes that...
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...brightest appearing stars in the sky would give you a biased luminosity scale and an unrepresentative sample of stars. -The stellar parallax measures the relative distances from stars to different positions of the Earth in order to measure luminosity. It is done by using distant stars as a fixed reference system so that if a star is observed in respect to the distant stars today, and then measured again in six months, a small shift in movement will be recorded. It is absolutely necessary for there to be “distant stars” or less bright stars as a frame of reference otherwise the angle measurements would have nothing to compare against. Thus, it creates a biased scale of recorded luminosity. 2. Explain the overall concept of pressure support (against gravity) in stars and why stars are unstable if they are not generating energy in their cores. -The concept of pressure support can be explained through the internal gas pressure. The internal gas pressure is attempting to expand and dissipate our ball of gas, while the self-gravity of the gas (due to its mass) is trying to collapse the ball. As the gas gets hotter, the internal gas pressure increases. Then, it reaches a point of stabilization between gravity and pressure support. -Stars are unstable if they are not generating energy in their cores because the energy generation prevents the collapse of the star. Energy generation is occurring in its core, and this provides gas pressure which prevents collapse of the star. Thus, if the...
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...Life Cycle of Stars The Birth of a Star In space, there exists huge clouds of gas and dust. These clouds consist of hydrogen and helium, and are the birthplaces of new stars. Gravity causes these clouds to shrink and become warmer. The body starts to collapse under its own gravity, and the temperature inside rises. After the temperature reaches several thousand degrees, the hydrogen molecules are ionized (electrons are stripped from them), and they become single protons. The contraction of the gas and the rise in temperature continue until the temperature of the star reaches about 10,000,000 degrees Celsius (18,000,000 degrees Fahrenheit). At this point, nuclear fusion occurs in a process called proton-proton reaction. Briefly, proton-proton reaction is when four protons join together and two are converted into neutrons; an 4He nucleus is formed. During this process, some matter is lost and converted to energy as dictated by Einstein's equation. At this point, the star stops collapsing because the outward force of heat balances the gravity. The Hydrogen Burning Stage The proton-proton reaction occurs during a period called the hydrogen-burning state, and its length depends on the star's weight. In heavy stars, the great amount of weight puts a large amount of pressure on the core, raising the temperature and speeding up the fusion process. These heavy stars are very bright, but only live for a short amount of time. After the energy from this deuteron-hydrogen fusion process...
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...strong gravitational pull. However, they can be big or small, with the smallest being just one atom. Even though no light can be released, space stations have developed special tools to help find black holes. The special tools help distinguish how stars react near a black hole and how they react away from a black hole. Scientists have also found a different way to detect black holes. Since black holes have strong gravitational pull, stars and gases around will funnel towards the black hole and start orbit around it. Black holes commonly appear when a star begins to die. There are two types of black holes: stellar and...
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...be able to see any changes on the surface of the Sun…probably you won’t see anything from helioseismology data either. This is because photons generated in the core of the Sun takes about one million years to get to the surface. This means that the thermal energy generated in the last minute of the fusion will last for about a million years, and the Sun will just very slowly contract. So, we will not see changes on the surface until a million years later. However, we should be able to tell that the hydrogen fusion in the core has stopped by observing the solar neutrinos. The neutrinos do not interact with the solar plasma, and can escape the Sun and reach Earth in about 8 minutes. So, we would find that the neutrino flux is decreased. 2. Chapter 11, Review Question 7. What is the defining characteristic of a main-sequence star? How is surface temperature related to luminosity for main-sequence stars? (20pt) 3. Is this statement sensible? Why, or why not? (20pt) If the Sun had been born as a high-mass star some 4.6 billion years ago, rather than as a low mass star, the planet Jupiter would probably have Earth-like conditions today, while earth would be hot like Venus. If the Sun was formed as a high-mass star 4.6 billion years ago, then the Sun would have exploded as a supernova several billion years ago. Jupiter and Earth probably would not survive the supernova explosion… The most...
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...“Star Light, Star Bright, Where are you now?” As I was reading the article, I was surprised to know that there was such thing as “light pollution”. It was rare for me to hear this kind of pollution. The cause of this kind of pollution is too much light directed toward the sky. I even wonder at times when I look up unto the skies and see no stars at all. I didn’t realize that this was because of light pollution. It was because of this article that I’ve learned a lot about light pollution. The presence of light pollution makes it impossible for us to see the stars, because there are way too many artificial lights that brighten up the night. Few of the causes of light pollution are: bright lights from homes and buildings, light from vehicles, street light that have a shape of a cylinder, and billboards lit form the bottom. Starless nights may not be a big problem for us, ordinary people, but for astronomers who study the heavenly bodies, this is already a huge problem. Even with the use of telescopes, the glare of the light may still affect their observations which results into inaccurate results. Astronomers are not the only ones affected by this pollution. Even the nocturnal animals are affected too. Light pollution could ruin their natural habitat and overall behavior. There are ways to reduce the effect of light pollution, and this is through the use of: Light with timers, Motion-sensor lighting, and Full...
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...Company Contents Green Computing 1 Energy Star 1 Power Consumption 1 Reducing Environmental Impact 3 Effective Measures 3 Recycling Computer Equipment 3 Individual Steps 4 Index 5 Green Computing Computer manufacturing processes and computer waste are depleting natural resources and polluting the environment. When computers are discarded in landfills, they can release toxic materials and potentially dangerous levels of lead, mercury, and flame retardants. Green computing involves reducing the electricity consumed and environmental waste generated when using a computer. Strategies that support green computing include recycling, regulating manufacturing processes, extending the life of computers, and immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced computers. When you purchase a new computer, some retailers offer to dispose of your old computer properly. People use, and often waste, resources such as electricity and paper while using a computer. Society has become aware of this waste and is taking measures to combat it. Energy Star Personal computers, display devices, and printers should comply with guidelines of the ENERGY STAR program. The United States Department of Energy (DOE) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed the ENERGY STAR program to help reduce the amount of electricity used by computers and related devices. This program encourages manufacturers to create energy-efficient devices that require little power...
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...of galaxies, it’s estimated that only one out of every ten are able to harbor life and only 44 percent of F6-k3 of main sequences stars around our galaxy have the possibility of sustain life (solstation.com). There are certain molecules needed to create and sustain life and only certain stars can harbor life. The possibility of life in the universe has many different factors. Life requires usable energy sources. For organisms on earth, they must be able to metabolize or use these energy sources. The earth organisms are able to assimilate energy from organic and inorganic sources and some are even able to metabolize sunlight and turn it into energy (text book). If earth did not receive sunlight from the sun it would not be able to continue to make the energy needed; this would result in equilibrium and there would no longer be a way for energy to be made. Life also needs carbon for its most basic functions; such as metabolism, reproduction, and evolution (text book). There are other molecules, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur to name a few, that play important roles (text book). Without an abundance of hydrogen and oxygen water would not exist. Water plays an important role as a solvent, which allows for chemical reactions to take place (text book). For there to be life there must be a source of energy, a star, and somewhere for life to thrive, such as a planet. There are different types of planets that are thought to be habitable. These...
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