...China’s Great Wall Name: Institution: Course: Date due: Purpose of the Great Wall of China There are various reasons why the great wall was constructed. One of them was for security. That is because it was built with the aim of protecting the empire of the Chinese people from the war like communities and the Mongolians (Webster, 2008). Beacons towers, forts, and passes were also build and they were used to store foods for the military and they were also used as a means of spreading military information thus making them always alert. The wall also helped in the development of infrastructure and economic activities. That is because it helped in protecting culture progress and economic development. Challenges faced when building the great wall The constructors of the wall went through many challenges. One of the challenges is that it led to the deaths of very many people. That is because the work was very tedious and it did not allow them to rest and as a result some people were not strong enough to carry one thus they died. Another challenge is the foreign attacks (DuTemple, 2003). The attacks made the work to be challenging and slow since the constructors were always afraid of being attacked. They also got to live in fear since most of the times they were attacked when they least expected. The attacks, therefore, led to the deaths of very many people and at times some people were left with great injuries or even crippled. It, therefore, discouraged them...
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...* Question 1 1 out of 1 points | | | You are faced with a work-related ethical dilemma. In deciding what action to take, you would:Answer | | | | | Selected Answer: | Check legal implications and the company code of ethics, and then decide if the action is personally ethical. | Correct Answer: | Check legal implications and the company code of ethics, and then decide if the action is personally ethical. | | | | | * Question 2 0 out of 1 points | | | In a distributed leadership team environment, the role of the leader is BEST described asAnswer | | | | | Selected Answer: | the leader remaining in the position until the team is dissolved. | Correct Answer: | any member of the team becoming the leader at various times. | | | | | * Question 3 1 out of 1 points | | | Chantell is the manager of the claims department for a large insurance company. She has a one-hour meeting with her staff to explain the new claim form which the company will use next month. This is an example of which type of organizational communication?Answer | | | | | Selected Answer: | downward | Correct Answer: | downward | | | | | * Question 4 1 out of 1 points | | | Javon explains a new policy to his staff which prohibits the use of office computers for personal e-mail. Several of the employees frown at the news and one staff member makes a sarcastic remark. Steve’s staff isAnswer | | | | | Selected Answer:...
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...challenging to change the way you speak a language, you just have to deal with what the employer wants from you or you will lose your job. According to James Baldwin, language “is the most vivid and crucial key to identity: It reveals the private identity, and connects one with, or divorces one from, the larger, public, or communal identity. There have been, and are, times and places, when to speak a certain language could be dangerous, even fatal” (650). Baldwin explains that there is a time and place that certain language should be speaking because language has fatal consequences. I agree with Baldwin, there is a time and place for everything. I also agree that language can be dangerous, even fatal. In James Baldwin’s essay, “If Black English Isn’t a Language, Then Tell Me, What Is?” Baldwin confronts the topic of “Black Language.” Baldwin states, “Language incontestably, reveals the speaker” (Baldwin, 648). The language one speaks can say a lot about a person. People may speak the same language, but it is always going to be different based off where the speaker comes from, what type of person the speaker is, what the speaker does as their career, and what the speaker has experienced in their life. Baldwin states that his argument has “nothing to do with language itself but with the role of language” (648). Language is key to communication; it allows people to exude their perspective on things. In Amy Tan’s essay, “Mother Tongue,” Tan emphasizes that we speak different languages...
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...Ivarsson 1 Victor Ivarsson English 100 – 19 Professor Fisher Essay 4 – draft one December 9, 2014 Intro: The world we live in today is far more globalized than that of our previous generation. Before social media and other instant forms of communication existed, people did not need to worry about speaking a different language or the way it was spoken. Dialects and accents had little meaning because of the barriers that surrounded each community prohibited the inhabitants of much interaction with people from other societies. Today however, people can speak with each other regardless of location, which emphasizes the importance of the power of language. The negative consequences that come from this is that those who do not master a language perfectly or differ from perfect speech are discriminated against in the general community. A phenomenon, which writer Gloria Anzaldúa, who wrote the article “How to Tame a Wild Tongue,” calls “Linguistic Terrorism.” According to her, linguistic terrorism negates not only the speaker, but also the experiences and culture behind that person (Anzaldúa). Thesis: Although language can be used as a tool of power, the use of faulty and imprecise language negates the speaker and causes negative consequences. Body 1, Tan: An accent is an example of imprecise English, which causes people to make negative or positive assumptions about the speaker based on the information that accent reveals. Example: In Amy Tan´s essay “Mother Tongue...
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...“What do we say to the client who still insists on having a “native speaker” English teacher?” An analysis of the prejudices surrounding non-native English speaker teachers (NNESTs) and the obstacles for fostering cooperation between NNESTs and native English speaker teachers (NESTs) in ESL courses in Indonesia. Word count 2997 The spread of English across the globe in recent years had led to English being taught by many more NNESTs, a shift which has produced as many inconsistencies as it has benefits for both students and the teachers themselves. This paper will examine the types, level and origins of discrimination faced by NNESTs in the EF franchise of English language schools in Indonesia of which the author has 10 years’ experience working in. It will also assess the obstacles which hinder cooperation between NESTs and NNESTs within this context. The number of NNESTs is now at an all time high worldwide, fuelled by the rapid growth in the popularity of English language learning (Graddol 2006). Canagarajah (2005) estimates that NNESTs account for 80% of all English teachers, across both non-English and English speaking countries. Issues surrounding how NNESTs are viewed have become a hot topic for ESL school’s directors of studies, ESL students, parents of students (who want the best for their children, at the best price of course), NESTs and NNESTs (of themselves and each other) and not least the academics who write about the relative merits and demerits of each...
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...ANXIETY AND SPEAKING ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE AMONG MALE AND FEMALE BUSINESS STUDENTS IN UNIVERSITI INDUSTRI SELANGOR Ayu Rita Bt Mohamad and Nadhia Dalila Bt Ab Wahid Industrial University of Selangor Jln Timur Tambahan, 456000 Bestari Jaya E-mail: ayurita@yahoo.com ABSTRACT This study explores the nature and anxiety of speaking English as a second language among male and female Business Degree students in Industrial University of Selangor (Unisel), Berjuntai Bestari, Selangor. This study attempts to identify potential sources of anxiety relevant to the students’ affective needs or concerns in an institution of higher learning through the use of an in-depth qualitative questionnaire. As the pre-administered questionnaire findings indicate, the differences in the level of language anxiety exhibited by the participants seem to vary by gender. Using various studies by previous researchers of language anxiety as a theoretical guideline for data collection and analysis, this study also discusses some of the influences or impact of anxiety-provoking factors on second language learning, along with some implications for further research on language anxiety. 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction Anxiety is a negative way to present human feelings. When we are anxious, we feel nervous, worried, and fearful. We struggle, tremble, perspire, and our hearts beat quickly. In general, anxiety can be defined as a complex concept dependent upon not only on one’s feelings of selfefficacy...
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...LINGUISTIC SITUATION IN OLD ENGLISH AND MIDDLE ENGLISH PERIOD……………………………………………………………..5 1.1 THE DEVELOPMENT OF FUTHARK……………………………………5 1.1.1 THE RUNIC ALPHABET AS AN OLD GERMANIC WRITING TRADITION……………………………………………………………………6 1.1.2 OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE IN THE PERIOD OF ANGLO-SAXON ETHNIC EXTENSION…………………………………………………………7 1.2 LINGUISTIC SITUATION IN THE MIDDLE ENGLISH………………..11 1.2.1 LINGUISTIC SITUATION IN MEDIEVAL ENGLAND AFTER THE NORMAN CONQUEST……………………………………………….……….11 1.2.2 DIALECTAL DIVERSITY IN THE MIDDLE ENGLISH PERIOD.…...13 1.3 THE MIDDLE ENGLISH CORPUS……………………………………….15 1.3.1 GEOFFREY CHAUCER AND HIS LENDING SUPPORT OF THE LONDON STANDARD’S DIFFUSION……………………………………….17 1.3.2 THE ROLE OF THE PRINTING IN THE FORMATION OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE………………………………………………….…….19 1.3.3 PRINCIPAL MIDDLE ENGLISH WRITTEN RECORDS AS A REFLECTION OF ONGOING CHANGES IN STANDARDIZATION………25 CONCLUSION…………………………………………………….…………....28 REFERENCES………………………………………………………………….30 APPENDIX 1……………………………………………………………………33 INTODUCTION linguistic history english language The English language has had a remarkable history. When we first catch it in historical records, it is a language of none-too-civilized tribes on the continent of Europe along the North Sea. From those murky and undistinguished beginnings, English has become the most widespread language in the world, used by more peoples for more purposes than any language on Earth. The early part of the Modern English saw the establishment...
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...THE ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE This page intentionally left blank THE ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE SIXTH EDITION ± ± John Algeo ± ± ± ± ± Based on the original work of ± ± ± ± ± Thomas Pyles Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States The Origins and Development of the English Language: Sixth Edition John Algeo Publisher: Michael Rosenberg Development Editor: Joan Flaherty Assistant Editor: Megan Garvey Editorial Assistant: Rebekah Matthews Senior Media Editor: Cara Douglass-Graff Marketing Manager: Christina Shea Marketing Communications Manager: Beth Rodio Content Project Manager: Corinna Dibble Senior Art Director: Cate Rickard Barr Production Technology Analyst: Jamie MacLachlan Senior Print Buyer: Betsy Donaghey Rights Acquisitions Manager Text: Tim Sisler Production Service: Pre-Press PMG Rights Acquisitions Manager Image: Mandy Groszko Cover Designer: Susan Shapiro Cover Image: Kobal Collection Art Archive collection Dagli Orti Prayer with illuminated border, from c. 1480 Flemish manuscript Book of Hours of Philippe de Conrault, The Art Archive/ Bodleian Library Oxford © 2010, 2005 Wadsworth, Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including...
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...No. 2, summer 1994). Linda Harklau explores the differences between ESL and mainstream classes. The article is a result of an ethnographic study of new comer students in a San Francisco Bay area high school. Harklau felt that in order for ESOL students to successfully transition into mainstream classes the differences in instruction in the two types of classes must be identified as well as the advantages and disadvantages of both learning environments. Harklau conducted her study over a 3 ½ year period. The subjects were newcomers to the San Francisco Bat area and were all Chinese ethnic students. She chose these students for the sample group because they represented the predominant group in the ESL program. Her study consisted of 315 hours of classroom observations, samples of homework, samples of schoolwork, school records, and 38 formal interviews. What Harklau found was that there were two significant ways in which the instructions differed. First was the organization and goals of instruction and second was the contrast in the types of social interactions that occurred in each environment. Organization and goals of instruction refers to how and written and spoken language was used, how teacher’s goals affected content, and how and to what degree feedback was given. Harklau found that while the mainstream classrooms offered lots of opportunity to get meaningful input and offered many opportunities for interactions in writing, there was very little opportunity...
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...Myplace: The Place for Diversity Multimedia Analysis Jennifer Dockery COMM/315 March 19, 2012 Nikki Wetzel When we understand the visible and the hidden dimensions of diversity it increases our knowledge and understanding of the differences. Diversity brings out the different qualities in each individual which makes us interesting? We need to base what we think about someone by their hidden characteristics and not their visual, otherwise we are judging them unfairly. The way you look or the way you were raised is your visual characteristics and this is not the most important. However this is what most people base their opinions on. If you would get to know ones hidden characteristics along with their visual we could understand a person more in their diversity. Understanding the hidden Not only can diversity be seen there is some diversity...
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...NOTES ON PERSONAL LANGUAGE LEARNING EXPERIENCE John Whelpton The reminiscences and reflections collected here cover almost six decades of language learning, from childhood in Nottingham, where I was born in 1950, through study at Oxford (1968-72), teaching English in Nepal (1972-74), working as a civil servant in London (1975-81), graduate studies and teacher training in London, Nepal, India and Manchester (1981-87) to the last twenty-two years when I have been teaching English in Hong Kong but paying regular return visits to the UK and to Nepal. I began the compilation early in 1997, when I was teaching only part-time and occupied mainly with an intensive course in Cantonese and with work for an M.A. in Applied Linguistics. At the suggestion of my course director, Professor David Nunan, I had decided that my M.A.dissertation would be a diary study of my efforts with Cantonese and I needed a summary of my previous language learning experience as part of the exercise as well as for incorporation, in condensed form, in the eventual dissertation (completed in September 1998). I included any language which I had been formally taught for any length of time and also any others which I had worked at on my own over long periods, but not those which I occasionally looked at just out of linguistic interest or to learn a few phrases for short holiday trips. Earlier drafts were circulated to friends and colleagues...
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...Министерство образования и науки Республики Казахстан Кокшетауский государственный университет им. Ш. Уалиханова An Outline of British Literature (from tradition to post modernism) Кокшетау 2011 УДК 802.0 – 5:20 ББК 81:432.1-923 № 39 Рекомендовано к печати кафедрой английского языка и МП КГУ им. Ш. Уалиханова, Ученым Советом филологического факультета КГУ им. Ш. Уалиханова, УМС КГУ им. Ш. Уалиханова. Рецензенты: Баяндина С.Ж. доктор филологических наук, профессор, декан филологического факультета КГУ им. Ш. Уалиханова Батаева Ф.А. кандидат филологических наук, доцент кафедры «Переводческое дело» Кокшетауского университета им. А. Мырзахметова Кожанова К.Т. преподаватель английского языка кафедры гуманитарного цикла ИПК и ПРО Акмолинской области An Outline of British Literature from tradition to post modernism (on specialties 050119 – “Foreign Language: Two Foreign Languages”, 050205 – “Foreign Philology” and 050207 – “Translation”): Учебное пособие / Сост. Немченко Н.Ф. – Кокшетау: Типография КГУ им. Ш. Уалиханова, 2010 – 170 с. ISBN 9965-19-350-9 Пособие представляет собой краткие очерки, характеризующие английскую литературу Великобритании, ее основные направления и тенденции. Все известные направления в литературе иллюстрированы примерами жизни и творчества авторов, вошедших в мировую литературу благодаря...
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...bibliography page appends four sources in Harvard format Outline I . Introduction II . Analysis III . Conclusion Introduction The Geffrye Museum located in East London puts forward a breathtaking imminent interested in the way people of London used to live all the way through the past . Basically the museum under consideration is of English household interiors and has space sets from the year 1600 till just about up to these days . Every single period room that is present in the Geffrye Museum is a superior illustration of how English people belonging to the middle-class in those times , with astonishing innovative furnishings , materials , works of art and accessories used to live . In every single room that you look into one would find something that has never been seen before , for example , the chess set that is arranged and exhibited in the Regency room or the string for calling upon the maids and house workers in the Victorian room are just examples (Porter , 2008 Analysis Perhaps the most welcoming and appealing museums of the United Kingdom the Geffrye puts forward the times gone by of the English household internal from the year 1600 to the contemporary times . A succession of epoch rooms restraining excellent compilations of fixtures , works of art and ornamental arts replicate the altering feels and approaches of the inner-city middle classes . The museum is developed in wonderful 18th-century almshouse constructions with good-looking private...
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...WATCHING THE ENGLISH The Hidden Rules of English Behaviour Kate Fox Awkwardness Rules As it is, our introductions and greetings tend to be uncomfortable, clumsy and inelegant. Among established friends, there is less awkwardness, although we are often still not quite sure what to do with our hands, or whether to hug or kiss. The French custom of a kiss on each cheek has become popular among the chattering classes and some other middle- and upper-middle-class groups, but is regarded as silly and pretentious by many other sections of society, particularly when it takes the form of the ‘air-kiss’. Women who use this variant (and it is only women; men do not air-kiss, unless they are very camp gays, and even then it is done ‘ironically’) are disparagingly referred to as ‘Mwah-Mwahs’. Even in the social circles where cheek-kissing is acceptable, one can still never be entirely sure whether one kiss or two is required, resulting in much awkward hesitation and bumping as the parties try to second-guess each other. Handshakes are now the norm in business introductions – or rather, they are the norm when people in business are introduced to each other for the first time. Ironically, the first introduction, where a degree of formality is expected, is the easiest. (Note, though, that the English handshake is always somewhat awkward, very brief, performed ‘at arm’s length’, and without any of the spare-hand involvement – clasping, forearm patting, etc. – found in less inhibited cultures...
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...No wonder the English language is so very difficult to learn: We polish the Polish furniture. He could lead if he would get the lead out. A farm can produce produce. The dump was so full it had to refuse refuse. The soldier decided to desert in the desert. The present is a good time to present the present to the President. At the Army base, a bass was painted on the head of a bass drum. The dove dove into the bushes. I did not object to the object. The insurance for the invalid was invalid. The bandage was wound around the wound. There was a row among the oarsmen about how to row. They were too close to the door to close it. The buck does funny things when the does are present. They sent a sewer down to stitch the tear in the sewer line. To help with planting, the farmer taught his sow to sow. The wind was too strong to wind the sail. After a number of Novocaine injections, my jaw got number. I shed a tear when I saw the tear in my clothes. I had to subject the subject to a series of tests. How can I intimate this to my most intimate friend? I spent last evening evening out a pile of dirt. Also: There is no egg in eggplant, nor ham in hamburger; neither apple or pine in pineapple. And while no one knows what is in a hotdog, you can be pretty sure it isn't canine. English muffins were not invented in England nor French fries in France. Sweetmeats are candies, while sweetbreads, which aren't sweet, are meat. We take English for granted. But if we explore...
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