...of the Old World as well as the New. The development of America took place when a static and status-bound European was responding to new intellectual stirrings, growing trade, and competition among emerging nation- states in overseas exploration and commerce. In 1585 Raleigh established the firs British Colony in North America on Roanoke Island. English colonization in America differed in character and consequences from that of other European nations. The English Monarchs had destroyed the power of the feudal nobility and had established a strong centralized state and in so doing, the monarchs had encouraged the growth of the business middle classes, the merchants and entrepreneurs who were to be major agents of the modernizing process. By seventeenth centaury, England's imperial reach was global; it stretched west from Ireland to Newfound land to Bermuda, and eastward to the subcontinent of India. It was to the west in the New World in 1606 that King James issued charter to two joint stock companies to colonize the land that Sir Walter Raleigh had named Virginia in honor of the Virgin Queen Elizabeth. The company promptly sent out an expedition of 144 people and after four months arduous voyage they reached Chesapeake Bay in April 1607. The 105 surviving English men than proceeded up a great river, which they named for King James, and founded Jamestown- the first permanent English settlement in North America. For one category of immigrants the Virginia environment...
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...Spain. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Of the following countries/regions, which was least involved in voyages of discovery? a. Portugal b. France c. England d. Italy The conquistadors were primarily interested in: a. founding settlements. b. fighting Muslims. c. spreading Christianity. d. finding gold. 7. 8. What has been dubbed “the Columbian exchange”? a. the spread of Christianity among the Indians b. the spread of trade throughout America c. the transfer of gold from America to Europe d. the spread of European diseases to America England’s first colonization target under King Henry VIII and Queen Elizabeth was: a. France. b. North Africa. c. Ireland. d. Cuba. 9. 10. Gilbert and others believed there was an English population: a. deficit. b. equilibrium. c. surplus. d. none of these answers 11. Which product fueled the demand for furs in Europe in the early 1600s? a. beaver fur hats b. fur coats c. mink hats d. otter fur pouches 12. By 1600, which group had become the leading economic power in Europe? a. the French b. the Dutch c. the English d. the Irish 13. What was the House of Burgesses? a. a large trading center in Virginia b. the home of the colonial governor c. the first legislative body in English America d. the colonial courthouse 14. What were the greatest...
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... Settlers moved into the area past the Appalachian Mountains into what is today called Tennessee. This movement or more properly called settlement, to some, is referred to as “the Great Leap Westward.” So, why do so many people call Tennessee’s settlement a “Great Leap Westward”? People called Tennessee’s settlement a “Great Leap” because of Tennessee’s unique geography, the hardship the people endured in order to get into to Tennessee, and the Tennessean settlements physical placement. Tennessee’s unique and complex geographical features were what helped it gain the name of “the Great Leap Westward.” For instance, the Tennessee’s settlements were cut off from the rest of early American...
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...Settling the Northern Colonies (1619-1700) First Paragraph Although Northern and Southern settlers were bound by a common mother nation, they were drastically different in economy, politics, morals, and motives. The Protestant Reformation Produces Puritanism Martin Luther created doctrines for Protestantism and changed the religious world as we know it He ignited a fire of religious reform (the “Protestant Reformation”) that licked its way across Europe for more than a century, dividing peoples, toppling sovereigns, and kindling the spiritual fervor of millions of men and women Some of whom migrated to America John Calvin, inspired by Luther, created Calvinism and influenced many future American settlers Predestination, the “elect,” and the...
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...Midterm Essay Christopher Riojas Keiser University Introduction Adventure and discovery of land and territories in the early centuries were the order of the day for the majority of the stable nations, armies and organized ethnic groups who searched for food, water, and places of settlement. The adventuring movements of communities across the world brought about acquisition of property, resources and territories that later converted to the states and the countries under currently existing geographical boundaries. This effect culminated in more aggression in the movement and acquisition of territories that later turned out to be colonized. During the pre-colonial era, communities under the leadership of ethnic chiefs controlled tribes and extracted resources that were only within their territories. More land was unoccupied thus attracting other foreign immigrants who, moved in search of better resources and experiences. It is in the spirit of discovery and colonization, this article puts into perspective the development of a new state of Virginia in America. Precisely at Jamestown, as it is told through a film called “The New World”, directed by Terrence Mallick, and a story book called “The General History of Virginia, New England, and The Summer Isles”, by Smith (pg.57-69). This article analyses the two sources, the film and the book as their stories are related by both explaining the discovery and development of Jamestown and Virginia. This region has been captured in...
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...As the colonies grew, they became the home to people of many land especially the English. The English colonization of North America started in 1607 when the British landed in Jamestown, Virginia and Massachusetts Bay Colony to start their first colonial town. Jamestown was founded by adventurers searching for profit from their settlement. Massachusetts Bay Colony was founded by Puritans searching for Religion from the England Church. The Puritans occupied the Northern colonies (Massachusetts Bay Colony ), while the Virginia Company occupied the southern regions. Slavery was a common aspect of the American society. Eight Presidents including George Washington owned slaves during their Presidency. Although George Washington did own slaves there...
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...The Spanish were the first European country to establish large settlements in the Americas, and perhaps, the most brutal and aggressive nation out of the three colonizing powers. The Spanish came to America with a clear purpose to conquer the land and force the people to submit to the government. According to Render, the Spanish sent armies of men to subdue and conquer the land, extract its resources, and spread Christianity to its Indigenous inhabitants who were enslaved in the process (25). In order to make the subjugation process easier, the Spanish established what they call the mission system. Missions were built across Turtle Island, not serving as places for people who waned to learn about the glory of Christ, but to imprison the Indigenous inhabitants on the island. Cruelly, the Native Americans were enslaved and forced to build their own prison camps. Once being captivated...
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...important in the colonization of New England, and other colonies. During the colonial settlement of the Puritans, civil wars were breaking out in England, and many people were looking for refuge in the New World. Due to the Puritans settling in New England, there were significant changes in the political, economical, and social development of the colonies because of their values of a fair and just government, hard work, education, and faith. One way that the Puritans influenced others was their political views on strong government and allowing for fair trials. An example of the value of a strong government is in The Mayflower Compact when William Bradford told the settlers at Cape Cod and the English government that the settlers were establishing their own separate government, but that they would stay loyal to the king. During this time permanent settlements have been established in the Americas, and many people have been coming to...
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...The establishment and governance in North America determined how the relationships would be with the Native Americans. The Spanish, English, French and Dutch are motivated by the three D’s, Gold, Glory and God. These three motives reinforce each other and cause problems with the natives. The English colonies wanted land in North America. Their goal was to find Gold but did not find any. They were known as the settler colonialism. The English colonies ruled over by governors sent from England. In Jamestown they lacked food and labor. Tried to fix problem by indentured servitude, provide free passage to new world in exchange for years of work. . Some came for the wealth. Others came to escape religious persecution or religious freedom. Also importing of slaves from Africa. Eventually they survived by growing and selling tobacco. The relationship between the English and Native Americans was good, but because the new settlers wanted land it led to the down fall of their good relationship. Didn’t want to convert them but some did convert....
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...concluding in 1763, the French & Indian War brought about a series of unfavorable financial, social, and exploratory complications to colonial North America. As taxation intensified and British-colonial tensions brewed due to a prolonged military presence and a general clashing of cultures, expansion west of the proclamation line of 1763 became a problematic activity for settlers, as British management over the land westward of the boundary produced a monopoly on the administration and purchase of terrain, ultimately generating yet another source of discontentment for American colonists. Pooled together, these frustrations would later fashion the groundwork for what would become the American Revolutionary War. The French & Indian War rattled the economic framework of Britain so severely that it became forced to alleviate the weight of its debt through taxation upon the colonies. The Crown began to implement harsher policies as well as enforce preexisting ones, so as to quench the costs of war and British military occupation within North America. Products such as potash, wine, and silk became commodities difficult to acquire, as the fee to import them skyrocketed to undesirable heights. The Revenue Act of 1764, dubbed by the colonists as “The Sugar Act”, was a British-led effort to crack down on trade regulations, seeing as how most colonial merchants neglected the procedures and prices on the transacting of products such as molasses, coffee, and pimiento. Nevertheless, outraged...
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...Spanish, English and French Colonial Outline Thesis: Throughout the early period of colonization in America, the three chief colonial powerhouses Spain, England, and France, tackled the issues of royal authority, sources of profit and trading rituals, as well as religious practice and toleration in shockingly different ways with few similarities. Background: As each of these world superpowers arrived in the new world during the 1500s, they were all looking to expand their empire and gain wealth. The Spanish came first and took the most action early. The French and English soon began to experiment in the Americas as well, although the French would only grasp a small portion of valuable land during their campaigns. Political Paragraph: Spanish, French, and English colonial empires had some clear similar political strategies in that this land was theirs for the taking, yet these similarities were shattered by the many other differences in their political policies. ● Spanish and French colonies both totally subservient to the crown, English had some degree of autonomy through salutary neglect. ● Spanish were extremely aggressive towards Indians, English were peaceful when it was good for them, brutal when it wasn't, and the French traded with the Indians and hired them to gather beaver fur under good relations. ● The English colonies grew much faster than the French and Spanish due to loose immigration policies and dedicated colonies. ● English colonies were populated...
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...Section One—short answer The mayflower compact During the sixteenth century, English Calvinists led a Protestant movement called Puritanism in England. Its name was derived from its adherents’ desire to purify the Anglican church of Roman Catholic Practices. English monarchs of the early seventeenth century persecuted the puritans, and so the puritans began to look for a new place to practice their faith. One puritan group, called Separatist, because they thought the Church of England was so incapable of being reformed that they had to abandon it, left England around this time. First they went to the Netherlands, but ultimately decided to start fresh in the new world. In 1620 they set sail, but their ship, the mayflower, went off course and they landed in modern-day Massachusetts. Because winter was approaching, they deiced to settle where they had landed. This settlement was called Plymouth, while on boards...
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...English colonization of the seventeenth century underwent remarkable complications demonstrated by settlement patterns and transformation of social structure. Specifically, throughout the settlement process, Indians experienced immense religious influence by the English and conflicted over both land and religious liberties. Also, as individuals emigrated from England to the Americas, challenging liberties concerning economic and societal structure began to surface. Furthermore, by delving deeper into the tensions that accompany freedom, insights involving the reasoning behind English impact arise. When analyzing the English settlement patterns in the Americas, Native Americans were challenged religiously and by the liberty of their land. For...
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...While standing on the verge of American history, Captain John Smith, born in Willoughby, England in 1580 to a successful farmer, has been known to be a very controversial figure within our Colonial history. Spending only a few years in Jamestown, one of the first of many permanent English settlements, as one of the seven selected council members by the Virginia Company in 1606, Smith became one of its first Colonial hero’s. However for over three and a half centuries his reputation has struggled, his work was criticized for its authenticity and truthfulness. Was John Smith an over exaggerating liar? Or was his own dramatic story of life in Jamestown the actual truthful events? The soldier turned writer, bold enough to refer himself in the third person as the main character in his story, the very name John Smith has been said to cause historians blood pressure to boil. After Smith’s gunpowder explosion in 1609, he was forced to return to England, where reports of Smith falling out of favor with the directors of the Virginia Company based on his unpopular leadership acts, John Smith never again returned to Virginia. In spite of this falling out, Smith wrote a series of publications including, ”The Generall Historie of Virginia” about the...
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...Stories are predictable. They’re typically written with rising action, an intense climax, and a satisfying resolution. History, on the opposing hand, isn’t so simple. It continues to go on regardless of its many climaxes. To some critics, history can never give a decided ending. The Colonial era would serve as an example of that. The founding of America was a title wave of various controversies as well as having many ups and downs. The only resolution to such undependability, according to the leaders of that time period, was the eventual signing of the Declaration of Independence. The reason for this declarative action by the colonists was due to the indecisive and power tightfisted British government. To better understand this claim, it’s imperative to first analyze the origins of Colonial America. A question that ought to be asked is, why colonize? It was no doubt a risky endeavor by the British Commonwealth. Some critics, such as Christopher Columbus, would argue that it was due to religious attempts to expand Faith. It was in fact, something entirely different - power. It was a power move for the English leaders to encourage colonization in the New World. Eric Foner said it best, “National power and glory, they argued,...
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