Premium Essay

Enron Reaction Paper

In:

Submitted By eenamag
Words 289
Pages 2
Based on the case studies presented online, I recognized that there were several dubious accounting schemes that Enron used. While I found that there are a lot of issues to expound on, the main issue is how fraudulent their company was especially having misrepresented their public financial reports. In our company, we rely on charts, financial sheets to pinpoint which areas are worth developing. Numbers do not lie. When we need money, we make money, we do not add or acquire “assets” because this will incur more expenses. Enron’s capital investments were not thought about at all, bringing them to shortage in their cash flow, not realizing that this was just a short term solution to what didn’t seem to be a long term problem to them. Bankruptcy was brought about greedy traders. I felt like they wanted to monopolize the energy industry, they wanted power so they made everybody else believe that they were indeed making so much money to acquire the other companies. Enron had no real profits. Their management were buying luxurious items off the firm’s money (money that they don’t have). The company was losing money and had been for a long time regardless of its efforts in projecting how rich they were. From the first meeting in class, we discussed that financial accounting involved making decisions—big and small, high, medium and low level kinds of decisions. It is a sad reality that Enron’s top management have failed to make the right ones all throughout their business years. They had poor decision making skills and the lack of responsibility for getting into the oil business. They didn’t succeed because numbers don’t lie and they shouldn’t have twisted this to be liked by

Similar Documents

Free Essay

Reaction Paper on Enron Case: a Taste of Their Own Medicine

...the Case In 1930, Enron began as Northern Natural Gas Company; founded by the North American Light & Power Company (35%), United Light & Railways Company (35%) and the Lone Star Gas Corporation (30%). After a decade, the company was able to double its system capacity and expand its business through acquisitions. In 1985, a merger acquisition with Houston Natural Gas (HNG) took place. The following year, the company’s name was changed to Enron Corporation. Shuffling the management, Kenneth L. Lay (HNG’s chairman), emerged as chairman. In 1991, Enron began overseas expansion. From being a natural gas pipeline company, the company shifted to brokering energy commodities as energy markets were deregulated. Although targets and projections were not met as promised to investors, Enron continued to spend heavily in advertising and lobbying for deregulation. In 1999, Enron ventured into the e-commerce market with the launching of EnronOnline to make the company more attractive to investors. The company stock prices went up but losses were disguised in elaborate partnerships and joint ventures. Such high stock prices fueled suspicion. In 2001, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission looked into Enron transactions and its partnerships. Andersen (auditing firm of Enron) destroyed Enron documents that could have been used as evidence. The company’s credibility was still questionable, thus, creditors and investors pulled out. In the latter part of the year, Enron announced its overstatement...

Words: 888 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Enron

...www.ccsenet.org/ijbm International Journal of Business and Management Vol. 5, No. 10; October 2010 The Case Analysis of the Scandal of Enron Yuhao Li Huntsman School of Business, Utah State University, Logan city, U.S.A E-mail: wyl_2001_ren@126.com, carolee1989@gmail.com Abstract The Enron scandal, revealed in October 2001, eventually led to the bankruptcy of the Enron Corporation, an American energy company based in Houston, Texas, and the dissolution of Arthur Andersen, which was one of the five largest audit and accountancy partnerships in the world. In addition to being the largest bankruptcy reorganization in American history at that time, Enron undoubtedly is the biggest audit failure. It is ever the most famous company in the world, but it also is one of companies which fell down too fast. In this paper, it analysis the reason for this event in detail including the management, conflict of interest and accounting fraud. Meanwhile, it makes analysis the moral responsibility From Individuals’ Angle and Corporation’s Angle. Keywords: Enron scandal, Accounting fraud, Moral responsibility, Analysis 1. Review of Enron’s Rise and Fall Throughout the late 1990s, Enron was almost universally considered one of the country's most innovative companies -- a new-economy maverick that forsook musty, old industries with their cumbersome hard assets in favor of the freewheeling world of e-commerce. The company continued to build power plants and operate gas lines, but it became...

Words: 3062 - Pages: 13

Premium Essay

Enron Company Case Study

...www.ccsenet.org/ijbm International Journal of Business and Management Vol. 5, No. 10; October 2010 The Case Analysis of the Scandal of Enron Yuhao Li Huntsman School of Business, Utah State University, Logan city, U.S.A E-mail: wyl_2001_ren@126.com, carolee1989@gmail.com Abstract The Enron scandal, revealed in October 2001, eventually led to the bankruptcy of the Enron Corporation, an American energy company based in Houston, Texas, and the dissolution of Arthur Andersen, which was one of the five largest audit and accountancy partnerships in the world. In addition to being the largest bankruptcy reorganization in American history at that time, Enron undoubtedly is the biggest audit failure. It is ever the most famous company in the world, but it also is one of companies which fell down too fast. In this paper, it analysis the reason for this event in detail including the management, conflict of interest and accounting fraud. Meanwhile, it makes analysis the moral responsibility From Individuals’ Angle and Corporation’s Angle. Keywords: Enron scandal, Accounting fraud, Moral responsibility, Analysis 1. Review of Enron’s Rise and Fall Throughout the late 1990s, Enron was almost universally considered one of the country's most innovative companies -- a new-economy maverick that forsook musty, old industries with their cumbersome hard assets in favor of the freewheeling world of e-commerce. The company continued to build power plants and operate gas lines, but it became...

Words: 3062 - Pages: 13

Premium Essay

Sarbox

...RBOX Reflection Paper on The Sarbanes-Oxley Act I. Introduction The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Sarbox or SOX), also known as 'The Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act' in the US Senate, was enacted on July 30, 2002. This law was co-authored/sponsored by US Senator Paul Sarbanes (D-Maryland) and US Congressman Michael Oxley (R-Ohio). The act contains 11 sections with various requirements ranging from additional corporate board responsibilities to criminal penalties, and empowers the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to implement rulings that comply with the said act/law. The objective of this law was two-fold: 1) to restore the public confidence in public accounting, auditing and public securities trading 2) to assure ethical business practices by demanding executive awareness and accountability. But why and how did this law come to fruition? What events prompted these U.S. lawmakers to pass this bill in the first place? This bill was enacted as a reaction to a number of major corporate and accounting debacles (or accounting scandals). Some of those corporate accounting scandals involve companies such as Tyco International, Adelphia, Peregrine Systems and WorldCom. These scandals, which cost investors billions of dollars when the share prices of these affected companies collapsed and shook public confidence in the US securities markets. To better understand SOX, it is best to understand the first company that found itself in that accounting...

Words: 1218 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Is4640 Week 1

...President of the U.S. and passed the New Deal. What caused the need for the Sarbanes-Oxley Legislation? The Enron scandal was certainly enough to show the American public and its representatives in Congress that new compliance standards for public accounting and auditing had to be put into place. Enron was one of the biggest and, it was thought, one of the most financially sound companies in the U.S. Enron was perhaps the catalyst for the Sarbanes-Oxley legislation. Enron stands for the greatest company scandal in the history of the US economy and has become a symbol of corruption for the whole Western economic system. In 2001, the nation was rocked by the collapse of Enron, a multibillion dollar corporation that employed thousands of people and had affiliations right up to and including The White House itself. Amid the financial chaos and destroyed lives and reputations the collapse left in its wake, questions arose concerning exactly how the catastrophe occurred, why it occurred, and who was involved (Raver, 2006). Enron purchased and sold gas and oil futures. It built oil refineries and power plants. Enron became one of the world’s largest pulp and paper, gas, electricity, and communications companies before it bankrupted in 2001 (Amadeo, n.d.). Prior to Enron’s bankruptcy, the government stepped in and deregulated the oil and gas industry. Because of the deregulation, Enron...

Words: 902 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Assignment

...STUDY:- Once the seventh largest company in America, Enron was formed in 1985 when InterNorth acquired Houston Natural Gas. The company branched into many non-energy-related fields over the next several years, including such areas as Internet bandwidth, risk management, and weather derivatives (a type of weather insurance for seasonal businesses). Although their core business remained in the transmission and distribution of power their phenomenal growth was occurring through their other interests. Fortune Magazine selected Enron as "America's most innovative company" for six straight years from 1996 to 2001. Then came the investigations into their complex network of off-shore partnerships and accounting practices The saga of the ENRON Corporation has been unfolding in the media for well over a year. In the span of only three years, ENRON has gone from public and professional acclaim of the company and its senior executives to scorn, infamy and bankruptcy. Its public auditing firm, Arthur Andersen, has basically been destroyed, as well as publicly disgraced. Tens of thousands of employees and investors have been emotionally and financially affected. Major financial services firms in banking, securities brokerage and insurance have been, and may yet be, drawn into the legal battles regarding who is to blame for the ENRON failure. Enron grew wealthy due largely to marketing, promoting power, and its high stock price. Enron was named "America's Most Innovative Company" by Fortune...

Words: 8151 - Pages: 33

Premium Essay

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act and Enron

...Abstract This research paper explores the creation of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) and the role Enron played in its enactment. Specifically, this paper will explore and discuss the Enron crisis, emphasizing the legal and ethical accounting breaches committed by the company. The purpose of SOX and the methods used to address those breaches. A discussion of the major provisions of the act including: (1) Establishment of the Oversight Board commonly referred to as the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) (2) Restrictions on non-audit services (3) Rotation of audit partners (4) Auditor reports to audit committees (5) conflicts of interests (6) CEO and CFO certification of annual and quarterly reports and (7) Internal control report and auditor attestation. The necessary requirements concerning internal control for public companies. A discussion of the types of services considered unlawful if provided to a publicly held company by its auditor. A discussion of the broader impact of the act on auditors. Lastly, a discussion from the legal and ethical viewpoint of the level of success the act has had in preventing cases such as Enron. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act and Enron In any contemporary discussion of corporate governance and the erosion of trust in business, one name is unavoidable: Enron. Enron has become an icon for corporate fraud on a massive scale going to the top of the corporate hierarchy. In any attempt to restore trust, two points will have to be acknowledged...

Words: 2205 - Pages: 9

Premium Essay

Sarbanes Oxley Act

...In the aftermath of the Enron and WorldCom, Congress enacted the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The Act is considered by many to be the most important legislation affecting the auditing profession since the 1933 and 1934 Securities Acts (Arens, 2010). The Act also established the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB). The PCAOB provides oversight for auditors of public companies, establishes auditing and quality control standards for public company audits, and performs inspections of the quality controls at audit firms performing those audits (Arens, 2010). But the question is, are these regulations effective against corporate fraud and protecting investors? It is my opinion that the most important sections of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act are sections 302, 404, and 802. Section 302 holds a company’s CEO and CFO accountable for their financial reports. They must sign off on the financial reports stating that they have reviewed the report and that the report does not contain any untrue information or omissions. I firmly believe that this section is effective, CEOs and CFOs can no longer “turn a blind eye” or use the excuse that they didn’t know what was going on in their company. Section 404 pertains to the assessment of a company’s internal controls. The auditing firm of a public company must attest to and report on the assessment on the effectiveness of the internal control structure and procedures for financial reporting (Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002). Section 404 also requires...

Words: 1264 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Personal Ethical Development

...paper on personal ethics development that examines your personal ethical system and ground rules, including its origins and development. o Incorporate the terms found in the University of Phoenix Material: Key Terms located on the student Web site. o Focus on the developmental aspect of your ethics rather than on a particular position on any issue. o Define your underlying ethical system, its primary principles, the sources that helped shape your ethics—such as people, institutions, events, and so forth—and the criteria and decision-making factors you used to revise them. o Discuss the potential effect of your ethics on your performance or use of them in your workplace using a specific personal example. o Explain why ethics are needed in an organization and how ethics are integrated into the organization to achieve its direction and goals. What effect does the application of these ethics have on individuals, organizations, and society? • Format your paper according to APA standards. • Submit your paper to the Plagiarism Checker. Submit it for review and provide a copy of the report to your facilitator with your assignment. Personal Ethical Development Given the almost collapse of the very foundation of the financial industry in the United States which then rapidly metastasized to a financial and economic crisis with global proportions, ethics and ethical behaviours in doing business and the lack of it was one of the major factors why the mortgage meltdown happened. Thus...

Words: 1375 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Enron

.... Burton Final Paper: The Enron Scandal MSA 602 Dr. Pendarvis 12-4-2011 Abstract Enron's collapse is generally viewed as a morality tale - the natural result of managerial greed, a clueless board, and feckless gatekeepers. But none of these aspects of the story clearly distinguishes Enron from other major firms during the bubble era of the late 90s. This material identifies certain economic facts from the many moving parts that was Enron, and organizes them along two main threads. The first describes Enron's major businesses, and the incentives and constraints under which the managers of those businesses operated. The second thread describes the basic financial engineering tools developed by Enron's finance department. These threads are then woven into the timeline of Enron's ultimate collapse. What emerges is a tale of how bad bets that resulted in good outcomes came to be viewed by top management and the board as bets worth repeating on an ever-larger scale. Early success in highly risky ventures were ramped up and duplicated, under perverse incentives, into a financial disaster. The firm then doubled down on that disaster with non-economic hedges developed by the finance group. The CFO, in a wholesale breach of his fiduciary responsibilities, including corruption of various gatekeepers, managed to cloak the poor quality of his hedges and his motivation in creating them. This duplicity prevented...

Words: 3025 - Pages: 13

Premium Essay

Fraud Detection Paper

...accounting since the establishment of the profession. Fraud can be committed against an individual or a business. In order to identify fraud, an auditor must be able to differentiate between what is considered fraud and what is considered error. Fraud as defined in our textbook as “intentional misstatements that can be classified as fraudulent financial reporting and/or misappropriation of assets.” On the other hand, error is “unintentional misstatements or omissions of amounts or disclosures.” This simply means that fraud and error can have the same affect on a company and its books, the main difference between the two is the intent of the perpetrator. This paper will explore the basic types of fraud, preventing and detecting fraud, an example of a major fraud committed in United States history and the governments reaction to the prevalence of frauds in the 1990s and early 2000s. TYPES OF FRAUD There are three basic types of fraud perpetrated by employees. They are misappropriation of assets, bribery and corruption, and fraudulent financial reporting. Misappropriation of assets is the theft or misuse of assets that belong to a company. Misappropriation of assets is the most common type of fraud; statics show that it has occurred in over 91% of fraud schemes. It is also the simplest type of fraud to understand and commit which might explain its prevalence in many business fraud schemes. Asset misappropriation is also the least expensive type of fraud for a company on a per-fraud...

Words: 1627 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

Sarbanes-Oxley Act Questions

...Financial Reporting and Ethical Practices Rakel Raigns, Jakeia Griffin, Victoria Jones, Samirah Merritt University of Maryland University College November 9, 2013 Author Note This paper was prepared for AMBA630 Economics Management Decisions, Section 9045, taught by Professor Victor Bahhouth. Executive Summary In order to avoid fraudulent reporting, the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) has mandated that auditing for organizations must be completed by independent accountants. Today scrutiny of the accounting industry is more intense as laws are created to punish those that choose to falsify information. This paper aims to explain the importance of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) as it relates to the internal control, Chief Executive Officers and Chief Financial Officers. We will also identify the pros and cons of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) and changes that could be made in order to pose arguments from both sides of the act. Introduction In the early 2000’s, one of the darkest times ever experienced in the history of accounting occurred due to numerous scandals. The results of these scandals from companies lead to terrifying actions, which included the downfall of one of the largest accounting corporations, Arthur Anderson, for their help with Enron. Companies such as Enron, Tyco, and WorldCom have led to the passing of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) due to their financial reporting scandals (Forbes, 2013). With the passing of SOX in 2002, the falsification of...

Words: 2955 - Pages: 12

Premium Essay

Ethics

...the long haul accomplishment of organizations in a positive heading; else it has been the ability to unfavorably influence the conduct. Subsequently, the breakdown of moral outrages has risen discharged in the United States of America and Europe. Business, which obviously shows the need and significance of business morals have significant lessons from the breakdown. PharmaCARE which is a pharmaceutical company that has introduce the product AD23 which is a top selling diabetic drug. AD23 also aimed at slowing the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. John who was a former pharmacist that helped in the research of AD23 has made some concern after the death of his wife from taking AD23 with some other reported case of 200 cardiac death. This paper seeks to analysis some ethical issues related to PharmaCARE introduction of AD23, intellectual property, John protection as a whistleblower and the operation of CompCARE. Ethical issues These days, marketing morals, a moral issue thinks of offers-related studies and affectability in the group. This part of the business from a societal viewpoint ought to demand the significance of moral practices. As an aftereffect of advertising exercises by the group because of the high impression, regularly concoct moral issues in the publicizing, individual offering, statistical surveying and universal showcasing issues are seen to be accessible to dishonest conduct. Particularly in the 1970s and 1980s, different outrages...

Words: 2066 - Pages: 9

Premium Essay

Arthur Andersen Questionable Accounting Practices

...This paper will address and analyze the different ethical issues and the questionable accounting practices that occurred to one of the largest accounting firms in the United States. We will look and review the mandated requirements for legal compliance (from Chapter 4) and determine which requirements apply to the Arthur Anderson case. Then we will discuss how the issues with the Arthur Anderson case may have played out differently if the Sarbanes-Oxley Act had been enacted in 1999. Next we will determine and discuss which elements of the framework for ethical decision making in business (from Chapter 5) played the biggest role in the Anderson case. Explain your reasoning. Lastly, we will discuss how the situations at Arthur Anderson may have played out differently if their senior management had displayed the habits of strong ethical leaders. Provide specific examples to support your response. Introduction Known as one of the Big Five the Arthur Andersen firm was founded in 1913 by Arthur Andersen and his partner Clarence Delany. The company name was very synonymous for their integrity, ethics and trust, which is necessary for an accounting firm to have and stand by. Our textbook states, “Andersen set standards for the accounting profession and advanced new initiatives on the strength of its then undeniable integrity (pg. 348). Andersen once shown a strong character but with the rise of many high-profile companies filing for bankruptcy, that same...

Words: 2040 - Pages: 9

Premium Essay

Sarbannes Oxley Act of 2002

...The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Abstract This paper addresses financial analysis standards legislated in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX). The focus will be on how the legislation enhanced the role of auditing and auditing firms, the impact of whistleblower legislation, and the recent Supreme Court decision. The paper attempts to show that though there continues to be opposition to SOX’s financial reform legislation, there is a case to be made in support of SOX. The research relies on historical data, such as the Enron scandal, and the recent decision by the United States Supreme Court decision that deems SOX as constitutional, to support that legislation is a necessary requirement in today’s global corporate environment, in which some of the largest corporations have proven that, left to their own devices, they will gravitate toward corporate malfeasance. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002: WorldCom. Enron. Adelphia. Global Crossing. What do all these companies have in common? They will always be synonymous with the following: financial fraud, corporate malfeasance, internal corruption, and the reason behind the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX). Not since the Crash of 1929 and the subsequent passage of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Bumgardner, 2003, para. 2), had the country seen such a push for financial reform. Triggered by investigations into corporate fraud by some of the largest and most successful corporations...

Words: 3735 - Pages: 15